Large Area Fast Silicon Tracking Systems for MPD and CBM setups of
NICA and FAIR megaprojects
Yu.A.MurinLHEP JINR
1NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013
High and intermediate energy HI physics targets
BM_N@
JINR
RHIC@BNL
MPD@
NICA-
JINR CBM
@FAIR
ALICE@CERN
NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013
Confined matter
Spinodial decay ?
• Deconfined matter • Chiral symmetry restoration• Magnetic fields up to 1018 G• Strange matter continent a new era for hypernuclear
physics
Deconfined matter
2
“Heating” (E>100A GeV) : through high energy density - NA61@CERN, STAR, PHENIX since 2000-2013 at RHIC, BNL; ALICE, CMS, ATLAS at LHC,CERN – no definite answer , large background
Three ways to create QGP in HI collissions
“Pressing” (E≈30÷50AGeV) : through high baryonic density– STAR low energy scan, CBM and NICA projects to follow as NICA and FAIR start operating in 2017-2018 - rare probes are believed to be very sensitive close to the triple point
“Smart” (E≈3÷5AGeV) : through self-amplified long-range correlations within spinodial phase decomposition (J.Randrup, LBL) – to be proved with HI beams of Nuclotron-M as soon as high intensity HI beam appears at LHEP - direct production ofsubthreshold heavy hyperons ?!!!
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Two major objectives to study heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
Deconfinement through SDNew Hypernuclear Physics
SIS-300 and NICA task
SIS-100 (FAIR) and Nuclotron-M (NICA) tasks
Superdense nuclear matter
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UNILAC
SIS18 SIS100/300p-Linac
HESR
CR &RESR
NESR100 m
Primary Beams
• 1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+
• 1010/s 238U73+ up to 35 GeV/u• 3x1013/s 30 GeV protons
Storage and Cooler Rings• radioactive beams
• 1011 antiprotons 1.5 - 15 GeV/c,
stored and cooled
Secondary Beams• range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 higher in intensity than presently • antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV
Technical Challenges• cooled beams • rapid cycling superconducting magnets• dynamical vacuum
SIS100: Au 11 A GeVSIS300: Au 35 A GeV
APPA
The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR
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Collider
BM@N
SPD
MPD
Booster,Nuclotron The NICA-MPD challenge :
to prove QGP creation in high net baryon density region with ITS
The BM@N challenge :
to prove QGP creation through self-amplified long-range spinodial correlations with STS
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FFD
MPD detector at NICAMagnet : 0.5 T T0, Trigger : FFDCentrality &Event plane : ZDC
PID: TOF, TPC, ECAL
Tracking (||<2): TPC
0.5<p<1 GeV/c
Stage 1 (2017)TPC, Barrel TOF & ECAL, ZDC, FFD
Stage 2: IT + Endcaps(tracker,TOF,ECAL)
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8
Beam EnergyIntensity
per cycle
p 4,5 GeV 21010
d 2,2 GeV 51011
12C6+ 300 MeV 71010
24Mg12+ 300 MeV 51010
40Ar18+ 300 MeV 61010
58Ni26+ 300 MeV 8109
84Kr34+ 0,3 -1 GeV 21010
124Xe48/42+ 0,3 -1 GeV 11010
181Ta61+ 1 GeV 2109
197Au65/79+ 3109
238U28+/73+
0,05-1 GeV 6109/21010
Beam
Nuclotron beam intensity (particle per cycle)
CurrentIon
source type
New ion source
+ booster
p 31010 Duoplasmotron
51012
d 31010 --- ,, --- 51012
4He 8108 --- ,, --- 11012
d 2108 SPI 11010
7Li 8108 Laser 51011
12C 1109 --- ,, --- 21011
24Mg 2107 --- ,, ---
14N1107
ESIS (“Krion-6T”)
51010
84Kr 1104 --- ,, --- 1109
124Xe 1104 --- ,, --- 1109
197Au - --- ,, --- 1109
HI beams of SIS18 (GSI) and Nuclotron (JINR)
Energy & Intensities, pcs per cycle
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The CBM experiment at FAIR
DipoleMagnet
Ring ImagingCherenkovDetector
SiliconTrackingSystem
Micro VertexDetector
Transition Radiation Detectors
Resistive Plate Chambers (TOF) Electro-
magneticCalorimeter
Projectile SpectatorDetector(Calorimeter)
Target
two configurations:
- electron-hadron - and muon setup
MuonDetection System
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Dipolemagnet
tracking chambers
6 m
Concept for the BM @N experiment at Nuclotron -M(original idea and figure of P.Senger, GSI )
Silicontracker
Time-of-flight wall(RPC)
Tracking chambers are needed to matchtracks in Silicon detector to hits in TOF wall
Silicon tracker in magneticdipole field measures tracks (multiplicity) and curvature (particle momentum).
TOF wall measures Time-of-flight for mass determination.
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The BM@N experiment project The BM@N experiment project • measurements of the multistrange objects (Ξ, Ω, exotics)
& hypernuclei in HI collisions
• close to the threshold production in the region of high sensitivity to the models prediction
GIBS magnet (SP-41)
TS-target station, T0- start diamond detector,
STS - silicon tracker, ST- straw tracker, DC- drift chambers, RPC- resistive plate chambers, ZDC- zero degree calorimeter, DTE – detector of tr. energy.
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STS design constraints• Coverage:
― rapitidies from center-of mass to close to beam
― aperture 2.5° < < 25° (less for BM_N)
• Momentum resolution ―δp/p 1% ― field integral 1 Tm, 8 tracking stations― 25 µm single-hit spatial resolution ― material budget per station ~1% X0
• No event pile-up― 10 MHz interaction rates― self-triggering read-out ― signal shaping time < 20 ns
• Efficient hit & track reconstruction close to 100% hit eff. > 95% track eff. for momenta >1 GeV/c
• Minimum granularity @ hit rates < 20 MHz/cm2
― maximum strip length compatible with hit occupancy and S/N performance
― largest read-out pitch compatible with the required spatial resolution
• Radiation hard sensors compatible with the CBM physics program
― 1 × 1013 neq/cm2 (SIS100)― 1 × 1014 neq/cm2 (SIS300)
• Integration, operation, maintenance― compatible with the confined space
in the dipole magnet
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• Aperture: 2.5° < < 25° (some stations up to 38°).• 8 tracking stations between 0.3 m and 1 m downstream the target.• Built from double-sided silicon microstrip sensors in 3 sizes,
arranged in modules on a small number of different detector ladders. • Readout electronics outside of the physics aperture.
STS concept
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Assessment of tracking stations – material budget
station 4
sensor: 0.3% X0
r/o cables: 2×0.11% X0
electronics
front view side view
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Assessment of tracking stations – sensor occupancy
sensor occupancy := ratio “nb. of hit strips : nb . of all strips“ in a sensor
station 1
Y/cm
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Assessment of tracking stations – hit cluster size
in station 4
mean: 2.7
distribution for full STS
cluster of strips := number of adjacent strips in a sensor that fire simultaneously
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Track reconstruction performance studies
momentum resolution
Ongoing layout improvements:
•aperture improvements to be done in some of the stations: better coverage around beam pipe
•optimize number and type of modules and their deployment in the stations
primary
secondary
track reconstruction efficiency
25 AGeV Au+Au central
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Au+Au, 8 AGeV
Physics performance studies – example hyperons
Au+Au, 25 AGeV
c several cm,decays just before/within STS
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Hyperon and hypernuclei with STS with CBM-like STS at Nuclotron existing SP-42 magnet
H3 -
total efficiency 8% 2 %
central Au+Au collisions at 4 AGeV:
Silicon tracker: 8 stations microstrips (400 µm each) Strips with 50 µm pitch and 7,5o stereo angle full event reconstruction
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NICA MPD-ITS
Th Computer model simulations by V.P.Kondratiev and N.Prokofiev, SPbSU
MPD ITS status
front view
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The need for modern fast and high precision instrumentation based on
microstrip sensors
Supermodule („the ladder“)=Sensitive modules on light weighedCF support frames with FEE in cooled containers at the rare ends
CBM/BM@N
NICA MPD
The Ladder
NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013
The CBM-MPD STS Consortium Since Nov 2008
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CBM-MPD STS Consortium
• GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
• JINR, Dubna, Russia• IHEP, Protvino, Russia• MSU, Moscow, Russia• KRI, St.Petersburg, Russia• SPbSU, St.Petersburg• SE SRTIIE, Kharkov, Ukraine• NCPHEP, Minck,Belarus Rep.• PI AS, Prague,Czech Rep
• 8 institutes• 5 countries
• Components • Sensors
• Modules assembly • Ladder assembly • Radiation tests• In-beam tests
• CBM in Darmstadt
MPD and BM@N in
Dubna
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The CBM-MPD STS Consortium: change in sensor production policy – mixed DSSD
SSSD structure of STS (based on experience gotton!)
DSSD: German Party responsibility – CiS, Erfurt (62х62) + Hamamatsu, Japan (42х62), double metalization on P-side
SSSD-sandwich: the Consortium responsibilityHamamatsu, Japan (42х62), On-SemiConductor, Czech Rep. (62х62) + auxiliary chipcable (SE RTIIE) +RIMST,RF
Sensor development – involvement of Hamamatsu , an attempt to repeat at vendors in
Russia, Belarussia, and Czech Republics
Usage of SINP MSU Si lab expertize ( Merkin M.M. et al)
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Microstrip sensors
• double-sided, p-n-n structure • width: 6.2 cm • 1024 strips at 58 m pitch• three types, strip lengths: 2, 4, 6 cm, 4 cm• stereo angle front-back-sides 7.5° • integrated AC-coupled read-out• double metal interconnects on p-side, or
replacement with an external micro cable• operation voltage up to few hundred volts
• radiation hardness up to 1 × 1014 neq/cm2
4” and 6” wafers, 300 µm thicktest and full-size sensors
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Prototype Year Vendor Processing Size [cm2] Description
CBM01 2007 CiS double-sided 5.5 5.5 ±7.5 deg
CBM03 2010 CiS double-sided 6.2 6.2 ±7.5 deg
CBM03’ 2011 CiS Single/CBM03 6.2 6.2 test for CBM05
CBM05 2013 CiS double-sided 6.2 6.2 7.5/0 degfull-size
CBM05H4 2013 Hamamatsu for GSI
double-sided 6.2 4.2 7.5/0 deg full-size
CBM05H2 2013 Hamamatsu for JINR
single-sided 6.2 2.2 7.5/0 deg full-size
Prototype microstrip sensors
external on-sensor cableCBM05 CBM05H4 CBM05H2
under study: replacement for integrated 2nd metal layer
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UMC 180 nm CMOS
die size 6.5 mm × 10 mm
design V1.0 @ AGH Kraków
produced 2012
full-size prototype dedicated to signal detection from the double-sided microstrip sensors in the CBM environment
Channels, pitch 128 + 2 test
Channel pitch 58
Input signal polarity + and -
Input current 10 nA
Noise at 30 pF load 900 e-
ADC range 16 fC, 5 bit
Clock 250 MHz
Power dissipation < 10 mW/channel
Timestamp resolution < 10 ns
output interface 4 × 500 Mbit/s LVDS
new w.r.t. n-XYTER architecture: effective two-level discriminator scheme
fast low noise low power dissipation
Readout chip STS-XYTER
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STS module
sensor
read-out cables
front-end electronics board
6 cm
10 – 50 cm
2, 4, 6, (12) cm
module is building block of ladders smallest assembled functional unit
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Mechanics hardware:Punch@Mould Produced in SPb with a dozen CF space
frames manufactured @ CERN
Punch and Mold for production of true CBM supporting frames29NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013
Demonstrators and prototypes
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Prototype Device for ladder assembling manufactured at PLANAR, Minsk , Rep. of
Belarus, 2012
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design fabrication montage comissioning
CF&S
Accelerator complex51 months
SC factory
Collider
Injector + channels
Booster + channels
Cryogenics
Critical point
Tunnel + channels
Funding in accordance with the project plan is mandatoryFunding in accordance with the project plan is mandatory
Nearest milestones:- Completion of the ion sources commissioning (2013) - Assembly and commissioning of HILac (mid of 2014)
-Serial production of the Booster magnets (beginning of 2014)
Start of the Booster commissioning for the BM@N experiment – end of 2015
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NICA STS project schedule
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•Equipment of JINR test bench with n-XYTER readout
•Mechanics preparation
•Slow Control for Protvino in-beam
•Logic Init for recording the external DAQ information into the ROC
Status: Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron
Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron
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Through years 2008-2013 the CBM-MPD STS Consortium demonstrated self-sustained growth of R& D activity which could be successfully accomplished within 1,5 -2 years
The Conclusions
In 2013 common GSI-JINR project started with resources (@around 3 M EUR) released to develop corresponding infrastructure for massive production of modules and, especially, supermodules at LHEP JINR by mid-2015 for the BM@N and CBM STS projects, firstly, and NICA-MPD ITS, afterwards Young generation recruitment and training is the basic problem for the project. Measures are to be discussed for more involvement of young researchers with their local supervisers from Czech Universities to the STS project.
Thank you for your attention!NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 34