Laminar traffic flows and Dynamic hard shoulder utilization
- Enhancing efficiency of existing road infrastructure
Two simple rules are applied on urban highways:
1. Vehicles can utilize hard shoulders but only at appropriately low speed. This ensures safe use of hard-shoulders.2. There is a growing minimum distance of 'sticking within the lane' towards the middle of the road. A sensible criteria is along these lines:- outermost lane: no restriction- 2nd lane from outside: at least 1 km or mile straight driving before switching to outer lane- 3rd lane from outside: at least 10 km or mile straight driving before switching to outer lane
Hard shoulder
1st effect: Traffic flows more smoothly when unnecessary lane changes are avoided
Hard shoulder
Lane changes disrupt traffic flow and reduce capacity
Transit traffic flows through, fewer lane changes increase traffic capacity
Hard shoulder
2nd effect: Transit flows are less affected by local congestions
Hard shoulder
Transit flows are hindered by each locally arising congestion
Transit traffic flows are much less affected by local congestions
It is also checked that drivers don’t try to skip the exit queue, holding up everyone else, but get on exit ramp lane at end of queue.
Hard shoulder
3rd effect: Traffic capacity is increased by utilization of hard shoulders
Hard shoulder
Hard shoulder capacity is not utilized
Hard shoulder capacity reduces congestion during peak hours
Tackling congestion must start with making best use of existing road infrastructure.
Cost-efficient enforcement of these proposed rules is the key to deployment success.
Recent technology breakthroughs make cost-efficient enforcement possible.
Hard shoulder
200 meters
Hard shoulder
Broadband power-line data link Laser scanners for
lane monitoring
Lamp-pole installation
License plate recognition camera
for vehicle matching
Hard shoulder
Hard shoulder
Vehicle distance is measured by time-of-flight measurement
at 10 cm accuracy. Rate of distance change reveals
standstill or slow vehicles
Each laser-scanner tracks all vehicles’ position for more than
100 meters range, under all weather and lighting conditions
Hard shoulder
Hard shoulder
200 Mbits/s capability
Ethernet interfaces
Lightning protected outdoors equipment
Distance between nodes up to 400 meters
Nodes can be chained for bridged data forwarding
Power-line communications units are also installed onto lamp-poles, creating an instantaneous broadband network.
Terminating power-line gateways can be directly connected to fiber (G-PON data transport).
Infrastructure enforces good driving:
- Vehicles drive slowly in hard shoulder- Inner lanes are for transit driving
- No excessive lane switching- No queue skipping
Many variations of this solution are possible - customers may select most suitable one:
- Laminar traffic flows with Dynamic hard shoulder use- Only Laminar traffic flows / Only Dynamic hard shoulder use
- Innermost lane is tolled express lane... further varieties of above options
Most importantly, enforcement scheme must be acceptable to drivers
THR-452: You are driving over 20 mi/h on hard shoulder!
THR-452: You are skipping exit queue!
THR-452: You have been repeatedly driving short distances in
middle lane!Option 1: Instant
VMS warningOption 2:
warning letterOption 3:
fine
Overview of other congestion management approaches’ deployment aspects
✓Can be quickly deployed
✓Effective
✓Moderate capital requirement
๏Overall traffic capacity is not increased
๏Drivers dislike the idea of being priced off the road
Congestion Pricing (Tolling)
✓ Increases traffic capacity
✓Appealing to public
๏Low initial matching rate and congestion reduction rate
๏Psychology barrier for many drivers
๏Costly tracking box, few mobiles good for auto-tracking
Matched Ride Sharing
✓ Increases traffic capacity in centers
✓Suited for city center
๏Amount and security of P+R parking may be low
๏Public transport is sparse in some cities
๏Mostly applies just to periphery-to-center journeys
Partial use of Public Transport
Deployment aspects of this solution
✓ Increases traffic capacity
✓Can be quickly deployed, with immediate effect
✓Effective congestion alleviation, as it applies to all traffic over deployed road segment
✓Moderate capital requirement
✓Appealing to public, especially in contrast to risks created by hard-shoulder use without proper control (e.g. I-95 Boston loop)
Laminar traffic flows and Dynamic hard shoulder utilization
Hard shoulder
Hard shoulder
Traffic dependent speed limit for optional traffic flow is dynamically
calculated and informed via VMS signs
Optional future extensions
Ramp metering ensures safe highway entry
Traffic engineering is taken to the next level!
Recent laser-scanner and power-line communication technologies make it possible to smooth traffic flows
cost-efficiently!
Everyone benefits from the extra lane capacity and less turbulent driving
Smooth and laminar traffic flow carries more dense traffic!