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Eco-Efficiency 112.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Validated Eco-EfficiencyAnalysis Methodology
Label
Eco-Efficiency Analysis
Astaxanthin
February 12th, 2004
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Eco-Efficiency 212.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
The Label
An eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental impactsand the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use of astaxanthin for salmon production. In the field of agriculture, astaxanthin, a carotenoid, gives salmon the characteristic pink colour hue. Whereas fish in the wild obtain carotenoids transferred by organisms up the food chain, salmon in culture situations depend on the appropriate addition of pigments to the feed. The eco-efficiency analysis showed that the production of astaxanthin by chemical synthesis is clearly more eco-efficient than the fermentation of micro-organisms or the cultivation of algae.
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Eco-Efficiency 312.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Requirements Met
1. Accomplished Eco-Efficiency Analysis according to the methodology certified by TÜV Rheinland/ Berlin-Brandenburg, Germany.
2. Verification of Astaxanthin to be more eco-efficient than other alternatives for feeding salmon in aquatic cultures.3. Third party evaluation by DI C.-O. Gensch, Öko-Institut e. V., Freiburg (Germany) (so-called Critical Review according ISO 14040 ff.).
4. Publication of the results via internet on website www.oeea.de, which is referred to on the label.5. Payment of the licence fee for the duration of three years.
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Eco-Efficiency 412.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Certificate
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Eco-Efficiency 512.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
EcostudyEcostudy of of Lucantin Lucantin
PinkPinkfor Salmon for Salmon ProductionProduction
food
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Eco-Efficiency 612.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Objectives and Planned Use of the Study
Target groups of the study– BASF Research– Decision-maker BASF – Customers– Public
Use of the study– Internal strategy finding– Identifying of weaknesses and
strengths– Marketing
Objective of the studyAn eco-efficiency analysis was performed in order to compare the environmental impacts and the costs from all life-cycle stages of the production and use ofastaxanthin for salmon production.
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Eco-Efficiency 712.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Alternative Systems Alternative Systems for the Productionfor the Production
of of AstaxanthinAstaxanthin
BASF Product2.2.
Astaxanthin,chemically synthesized(Lucantin Pink)
Comparable Products 3.3.
• Astaxanthin, biotechnologically produced with yeasts / fermentation
Astaxanthin produced with algae in ponds
Customer Benefit1.1.
• ProductionProduction ofof 1 t of1 t of salmonsalmon withwith Astaxanthin Astaxanthin enriched dietsenriched diets
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Eco-Efficiency 812.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Definition of Definition of thethe Lucantin Lucantin PinkPink ProductionProduction
(10% (10% AstaxanthinAstaxanthin))
Waste water
Box III: Disposal
Box II: Usage
Exhaustair
αααα-Isophoron
ββββ-Isophoron
Oxo-Isophoron
C9-Acetal
Vinyl-butinol
C6-Acetal
C15-Acetal C15-Salt
LucantinPink
Feed production
Landfill
Production of Additives
Asta-xanthin
Box I:Production
For allchemicalprocesses
Product cleaningand packaging
The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used.
=> not considered
Electricity, Steam
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Eco-Efficiency 912.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Definition of Definition of thethe FermentativeFermentative ProductionProduction of of AstaxanthinAstaxanthin
(0.7% (0.7% AstaxanthinAstaxanthin))Box III: Disposal
Box II: Usage
Fermentation,Preparation
Feed Production
Product cleaning and
packaging
Box I: Production
Production of Sugar
Transport
Production of Phosphates
Production of Magnesium
sulfate
Production of Ammonia
Supply of Electricity,
Steam
Supply of Water
Production of Yeast Extracts Landfill
Waste water
Exhaustair
The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used.
=> not considered
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Eco-Efficiency 1012.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology Definition of Definition of the Productionthe Production of of Astaxanthin withAstaxanthin with AlgaeAlgae
(2.7% (2.7% AstaxanthinAstaxanthin))
Waste Water
Box III: Disposal
Box II: Usage
Growth, harvestand preparationof algae
Feed production
Product cleaning and packaging
Box I:Production
Production of Magnesium
sulfate
Transport
Production of Sodium
dicarbonate
Production of Sodium Acetate
Production of Potassium
nitrate
Supply of Electricity,
Steam
Supply of Water
The presteps of each chemical production step, including the according needs for energy, transport, emissions etc. are included into calculations. Same is valid for surface used.
=> not considered
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Eco-Efficiency 1112.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Eco-Efficiency Portfolio (sales product have the same price per unit of active ingredient)
Low Eco-Efficiency
High Eco-Efficiency
0.51.0
1.0 0
0.5
0
Price of Astaxanthin
Lucantin Pink
Algae
Fermentation
Ecol
ogic
al V
alua
tion
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Eco-Efficiency 1212.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Interpretation of the Eco-Efficiency Portfolio
• Astaxanthin via chemical process is the most eco-efficient alternative for the production of salmon (the distance from the diagonal is a measure for the eco-efficiency).
• The high environmental performance of the chemical production ofastaxanthin is due mainly to the high energy consumption of the other alternatives.
• From a customer´s point of view, all alternatives are economically equal. The costs for the customer are about the same (market prices were used for the calculation). There are no additional costs to be calculated from a customer´s point of view.
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Eco-Efficiency 1312.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
EcologicalEcological FingerprintFingerprint
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Eco-Efficiency 1412.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00Energy use
Emissions
Raw material use
Toxicity potential
Risk potential
Land use
Lucantin PinkFermentationAlgae
EcologicalEcological FingerprintFingerprint afterafter BASF BASF -- Base Base Case Case (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))
1,0 = worst position, relatively better position <1
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Eco-Efficiency 1512.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Energy UseEnergy Use of Alternativesof Alternatives (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))
0,16
1,00
0,75
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae
Ener
gy u
se, s
tand
ardi
zed
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Eco-Efficiency 1612.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
EffectsEffects of Airof Air--Emission 1 Emission 1 (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))
Global Warming Potential
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Luca
ntin
Pin
k
Ferm
enta
tion
Alg
ae
CO
2-eq
uiva
lent
s[k
g/to
nne
salm
on]
CO2 CH4 halogenized NM-Voc* N20
Summer Smog (POCP= Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential)
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
Luca
ntin
Pin
k
Ferm
enta
tion
Alg
ae
Ethy
lene
-equ
ival
ents
[kg/
tonn
e sa
lmon
]
CH4 NM-VOC**
* halogenized Non Methane Volatile organic compound ** Non Methane Volatile Organic Compound
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Eco-Efficiency 1712.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Consumption Consumption of of Raw Raw Materials Materials (per Tonne of (per Tonne of SalmonSalmon))
44
394
918
120
246
70
92
1269 69
73
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Lucantin Pink Fermentation Algae
Raw
mat
eria
l use
[kg/
a*To
nne
Salm
on]
Sand
Bauxite
Limestone
Iron
Phosphorus
Sulphur
NaCl
Brown coal
Gas
Oil
Coal
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Eco-Efficiency 1812.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Water EmissionsImpact Potential of Water Emissions I
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000C
hem
istry
Ferm
enta
tion
Alga
e
crit.
Vol
ume
[ml/t
onne
Salm
on]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Ferm
enta
tion
Alga
e
crit.
Vol
ume
[ml/t
onne
Salm
on]
N-total NH4+
PO4---
AOX
Heavy MetalsHydrocarbons SO4--
Cl-
Impact Potential of Water Emissions II
COD, Chemical Oxygen DemandBOD, Biological Oxygen Demand
BAS
F Che
mis
tryB
ASF
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Eco-Efficiency 1912.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Toxicity Potential
Toxicity Potential of Production
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Chemistry, BASF Fermentation Algae
Toxi
city
Pot
entia
l [va
l. po
ints
/tonn
esa
lmon
]
Astaxanthin Phosphate fertilizerGlucose Magnesium sulfateYeast AmmoniaMagnesium sulfate Potassium nitrateSodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate
Like for all environmental categories, the toxicity potential was calculated including the prechains.
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Eco-Efficiency 2012.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Risk Potential
BASF
20769 69
0
122 0
0 0
69
0 035
104311
207
200
600
20035
104
69
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Chemistry, Fermentation Algae
Risk
Pot
entia
l [va
l. po
ints
/tonn
esa
lmon
]
StorageTransportationFormulation of the ProductAdditional ReconditioningOther Production ProcessesAgricultural ProcessesChemical Processes
104207
311100
300200
104
311207
30
30
60
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Chemistry,BASF
Fermentation Algae
Feasibility to keep Process under Control
Storage
Transportation
Formulation of the Product
Production Phase Use Phase
Risk
Pot
entia
l [va
l. po
ints
/tonn
esa
lmon
]
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Eco-Efficiency 2112.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Conclusion/ Perspective
• Strength– holistic approach– includes all aspects of value chain– integrates various types of data
• Weakness– only valid for specific process under
examination– still fairly complex– data sets from internal and external
sources
PerspectivePerspective•• basis for discussion with consumer groups basis for discussion with consumer groups •• may be applicable for the salmon productionmay be applicable for the salmon production asas a a wholewhole•• confirms superiorityconfirms superiority of of chemical processchemical process at at this momentthis moment in timein time
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Eco-Efficiency 2212.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Critical ReviewBASF´s eco-efficiency was carefully examined and evaluated by independent experts of theÖko-Institut e. V. in Freiburg, Germany. Öko-Institut (Institute for Applied Ecology), a registered well-known non-profit association, was founded in 1977. The objectives of the institute are to analyse and evaluate current and future environmental problems, to point out risks, and to develop and implement problem-solving strategies and measures.
Extract from the summary of the report:„...This expert´s opinion concerns an eco-efficiency analysis carried out by BASF AG, in which three variants of astaxanthin production (chemical synthesis, biotechnology using yeasts/ fermenters, and production from algae/ ponds) are compared. The purpose of this expert´s opinion commissioned by BASF is to ensure that the methodology of the eco-efficiency analysis is consistent and that the data used are suitable and expedient as regards the objective.Öko-Institut e. V. comes to the conclusion that the eco-efficiency analysis presented was conducted with a consistent methodology and that the data are applied expedient with regard to the objective and the framework examined in the study. The presentation of the results is largely clear and plausible...“
Authors: Dipl.-Ing. Carl-Otto Gensch (Project Leader), Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Kathrin Graulich, Dr. Jennifer Teufel (all Öko-Institut e. V., Geschäftsstelle Freiburg, 79308 Freiburg, Germany).
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Eco-Efficiency 2312.02.2004
BASF Aktiengesellschaft Product Safety Regulations, Toxicology and Ecology
Contact
For more information about Lucantin Pink (astaxanthin) please contact:
Dr. Remi BakerBASF AktiengesellschaftMEM/AA+49 621 [email protected]
For more information about the eco-efficiency analysis please contact:
Dr. Peter SalingBASF AktiengesellschaftGUP/CE+49 621 [email protected]