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Common Lab
Equipment
LabEquipment
Your lab equipment should:1. Be clean before using it.
2. Be checked (if glassware) for cracks, brokenedges, and
stars
discard if damaged.3. Be washed, dried, and carefully stored in the
proper place when done using it.
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Beaker
Beakers hold solids
or liquids that will notrelease gases whenreacted, or areunlikely to splatter ifstirred or heated.
Very poor to measurevolume with (+/-5%)accuracy
Note the sizecapacity (250 mL inthis case)
Erlenmeyer Flask
Erlenmeyer flaskshold solids orliquids that mayrelease gasesduring a reactionor that are likely to
splatter if stirred orheated.
Note the size
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Volumetric Flask
Volumetric flasksare calibrated tohold a precisevolume. They areoften used fordilutions andpreparation ofsolutions.
Graduated Cylinder A graduatedcylinder is used tomeasure volumesof liquids probably your besteverydaymeasuring tool
Note the rubber
bumpers
, andalso the size.
Others that are smaller may not have
bumpers
, but have reinforced glass.
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Test Tubes
18 x 150 mm
13 x 100 mm
IgnitionTube
(25 x 200mm)
Test tubes are used to mix chemicals,and also to heat chemicals.
Test Tube Holder
A test tubeholder is usefulfor holding a testtube which is toohot to handle.
Knowing whereto hold this pieceof equipment isimportant.
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Test Tube BrushesTest tube brushesare used to cleantest tubes andgraduatedcylinders.
Forcing a largebrush into a smalltest tube will often
break the tube.Dont worry aboutdrying the inside ofa test tube.
Small test tube brush
Large test tube brush
Test Tube Racks
Test tube racks are for holding andorganizing test tubes on the laboratorycounter.
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Rubber StoppersRubber stoppers(also cork) are usedto close containersto avoid spillage orcontamination.
Containers shouldnever be heatedwhen there is astopper in place.
Watch GlassA watch glass isused to hold asmall amount ofsolid, such as theproduct of areaction.
Can also be usedas a cover for anevaporating dishor beaker.
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Stirring Rod
The stirring rod isused to:a) manually stirsolutions;b) assist in pouringliquids; andc) to transfer asingle drop of asolution.
Rubber policemantip is used to removeprecipitates.Stir with this end.
Dropper Pipet
A dropper pipetis used totransfer a smallvolume of liquid,usually one dropat a time.
On top of each dropper is a rubber bulb
never put your mouth on the dropper toprovide suction
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Litmus Paper Red litmus
paper is used toidentify bases :
Red turns blue,Blue stays blue
Blue litmuspaper is used to
identifyacids
:Blue turns red,Red stays red
Forceps
Forceps are used to hold or pick upsmall objects.
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Funnel
A funnel isused to aid inthe transfer ofliquids fromone vessel toanother, andwill hold filterpaper whilefiltering.
Graduated Pipet
A graduatedpipet measuresand deliversexact volumesof liquids uses a rubberbulb forsuction.
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Buret or Burette
A burette ismarked with amilliliter scale andfitted with astopcock to allowfor deliveringmeasureablevolumes of liquid.
Wash Bottle A wash bottle has aspout that deliversa water stream to aspecific area.
Distilled water isthe only liquid thatshould be used ina wash bottle
During use, keep the bottleupright as shown, a tube goesto the bottom of the bottle todraw water.
DistilledWater
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Weighing Boat
! Weighing boats are used to weigh solidsthat will be transferred to another vessel.! Squares of paper may also be used for
this purpose throw them away after using.! Never put chemicals directly on thebalance scale it leaves residue and canharm the balance
Electronic Balance! Electronicbalances are veryaccurate, highlydependable, andrugged.! The digitaldisplay makes themass value veryeasy to determine.
On
button Off
button Tare
button
Place item here to mass
Parris 103
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Spatula
Spatulas are usedto dispense solidchemicals fromtheir containers.
Chemicals should
never betransferred withyour bare hands.
Beaker TongsBeaker tongsare used tomove beakerscontaining hotliquids.
Note the rubbercoating toimprove grip onthe glass beaker- do not holdthis in a burnerflame.
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BurnerBurners are usedfor the heating ofnonvolatile liquidsand solids.
Hot plates will beused to gently heatany flammablechemicals.
Evaporating Dish
The evaporatingdish is used forheating stablesolid compoundsand elements, aswell as forevaporatingnonvolatilesolutions.
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Crucible and cover
Crucibles are usedfor heating certainsolids, particularlymetals, to veryhigh temperatures.The cover can beused to containany smokeparticles.
Clay Triangle
The clay triangle isused as a supportfor crucibles whenbeing heated overa lab burner.
It can also be usedto support a funnelwhen filtering.
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Crucible Tongs
For handling hotcrucibles; also usedto pick up other hotobjects - NOT to beused for picking upbeakers!
Ringstands and their Components
Ringstands are a safeand convenient way toperform reactions thatrequire heating using alab burner.
Can also be used as an
insulating pad to placehot objects while theycool.
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Ringstands and their ComponentsRing Clamp
Ring clamps connectto a ringstand, andprovide a stable,elevated platform fora beaker to be heated.
Will also hold a claytriangle and funnelduring filtering.
Ringstands and their ComponentsTest tube Clamps
Test tube clamps areused to secure testtubes, distillationcolumns, and buretsto the ringstand.
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Ringstands and their ComponentsDouble Buret Clamps
Double Buretclamps areused to secureburets (longgraduatedtubes used intitrations) tothe ringstand.
Ringstands and their ComponentsWire Gauze
Wire gauze sits onthe iron ring toprovide a place tostand a beaker.
On older wire gauze,
the white materialwas asbestos currently it is aceramic.
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Lighter
These strikers areused to light labburners.
The flints onstrikers areexpensive. Do not
operate the strikerrepeatedly just tosee the sparks!
Flask Tongs
Used tohold a flaskby the neckafter beingheated.
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Gloves, Apron, Goggles
Provideprotectionfromchemicalspills andsplashes
Eyewash Station Push this handle toturn on the water itwill stay on until youpull it to turn off.
Flush your eyes for15-20 minutes!
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Safety Shower
Lots of waterwill comepouring outhere to rinsechemicalsspilled onyou.
This is the handleto pull to activatethe safety shower.
Fire Extinguisher
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Fume Hood
Hood is usedto mixchemicalsthat producea gas
Fire Blanket