EMBARQ and Sustainable Transport
Holger Dalkmann
Director, EMBARQ – the WRI Center for Sustainable Transport
Our Challenge
Mexico projection of total fleet by type of
vehicle (2009 - 2030)
Source: MEDEC study, CTS Mexico 2008
If we want to achieve the 2 degree target …
… we need to limit per capita emission to 2t CO2 eqv. (IPCC 2007).
The Carbon Challenge
Transport 460 kg CO2 per capita/year
Source: ITF 2008, Bongardt 2010
Transport – locked in a vicious circle
Levett Therivel 2007 (http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/35744)
Transport – possible virtuous circle
Levett Therivel 2007 (http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/35744)
Paradigm Shift:
Accessibility instead of Transport
da
Strategy:
Avoid-
Shift-
Improve
Solution
BENEFITS Air quality,
health, safety, climate,
economy, development,
etc.
AVOID
the distance or number of trips
SHIFT towards lower
emitting modes of transport
IMPROVE technological
and operational efficiency of
vehicles
EMBARQ Catalyze
and help implement
sustainable transport
solutions to improve
quality of life in cities.
The Global Network of EMBARQ
http://www.embarq.org/sites/default
/files/20_Years_of_EMBARQ.pdf
Single projects are vital, but it needs more
Int’l
new deals
National
regulation & networks
City
enabling
The need to scale-up on all levels
Today 2041Automobility Sustainable Transport
Population (millions) 5.4 13.2 13.2
Trips (millions/yr) 5.6 39.75 39.75
Area (Sq. Km.) 1330 6484 3242
Emissions(million Tons CO2/yr) 0.33 12.32 1.97
Traffic Fatalities (per yr) 175 5,232 1,225
AVOID: Opportunity is biggest right
now
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad, India
New York and Atlanta
NEW YORK had 3.49 traffic
fatalities per 100,000
inhabitants in 2008, making it
one of the safest major cities
in the world. To a large extent,
this is due to investments in
quality public transport, cycle
infrastructure, and pedestrian
improvements.
ATLANTA on the other hand,
had 10.97 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants, making it among the most dangerous cities in the US, on par with some cities in the developing world, which are experiencing high levels of traffic fatalities. Atlanta is a sprawling, auto oriented city, with poor provisions for non-motorized modes and land use patterns not conducive to transit use.
AVOID: Curitiba’s Transit Oriented
Development
The Dense Urban Development
along Transit Corridor in Curitiba
Non-motorized
mobility
Public Transport
Public Spaces
Compact
development
with mixed-uses
Ground Floor for
commercial use
Parking and car
management
Community
Participation
TOD Elements
EMBARQ-Mexico Achievements
in Urban Development DOTS Manual: Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte
Sustentable (Sustainble Transport Oriented
Development Manual)
Pilot Project “Corredor Cero Emisiones”, Eje Central
Public Space and Public Life handbook
Atlas of Accessibility and Connectivity of the Mexico
Valley Metropolitan Zone
Project “Low Carbon Competitive Cities” (C2C2)
Pilot Projects: Centenario de la Revolución
(Aguascalientes) and Cumbres del Sur + Valle de
Encino (Culiacán)
Strong partnership with Federal Agencies
(INFONAVIT- SEDESOL – SEMARNAT – SHF – CONAVI) Support from the World Bank + British Embassy in
Mexico Working relationship with private developers
Cities (here Mexico City) are large scale
Brazil – Slum Revitalization with Sustainable Transport
Bengaluru: Towards a walkable and sustainable Bengaluru
Bengaluru: Adarsh Palms Township Accessibility Project
Naya Raipur: Translating the Concepts of Integrated Development to Sector Planning and Design
Mumbai: Improving pedestrian accessibility in MIDC – Marol
Pipeline projects:
TOD study in core city and periphery for Hubli and Dharwad
Public space design for Hubli and Dharwad
TOR preparation for TOD studies and Master Planning
Focus on Urban Development Projects in India
1
11 4
4
16
3
1
5
1
13 1
4 1
9
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
11
1 16
1
830 km 6 km
Source: CTS Brasil, EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011
About 120 cities with BRT or bus corridors
4,335 km - 6,683 stations – 30,000 buses
26.8 million passengers per weekday
http://brtdata.org/
SHIFT: Towards Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
1 12
10
1 1 12
1 12
1 1
5
1 12
54
87
8 8 8
13
1716
0
25
50
75
100
125
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors
Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid
Curitiba
Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia
Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada
Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid
Curitiba
Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia
Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada
Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid
Curitiba
Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia
Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada
http://brtdata.org/
Why the increase? Lower Capital Costs
1/10th to 1/3rd the cost
of comparable rail
5000
3194
1 BRT lane
2 general traffic lanes
Passenger per hour per direction
(peak)
6
726
1 BRT lane
2 general traffic
lanes
Crashes per year
SHIFT
Sustainable urban transport
Road Safety Audit Report, Metrobus Line 4, Mexico City Junction between Eje 3 Oriente and Sidar y Rovirosa: Current layout
Road Safety Audit Report, Metrobus Line 4, Mexico City Junction between Eje 3 Oriente and Sidar y Rovirosa: Recommended layout from road safety audit
EMBARQ recommended redesign: eliminating unnecessary turn lanes, narrowing
the intersection, using markings and medians to guide turning movements
EMBARQ has
developed a pilot
version of Traffic
Safety Guidelines for
Bus Systems
We will road test
these guidelines with
external partners on
BRT projects around
the world
The guidelines are
available and free to
use and anyone is
invited to participate
in the road test or
provide feedback
Ahmedabad – Janmarg
First Complete BRT in India (2009)
Our Role
Latin America study tour
Planning guidance
Operation evaluation
Results
Opened Oct 2009
49 kms – 150,000 riders per day (Feb 2012)
90 kms – 400,000 riders per day (Dec 2014)
Indore – AICTSL
First Sustained PPP in India (2010)
Our Role
Negotiated PPPs
Financial model
Organizational chart
Route structure
BRT design guidance
Performance monitoring plan
Federal funding
Results
System sustained for 5 years
Increased fleet and ridership
National Investment Program
Inform design of the 400 Bn USD Urban Transport
Program for new round of JnNURM (2012)
Our Role
Review of national transit investment programs across 15 countries in the World
Developing a recommendations report for new JnNURM design
Help set-up specific capacity building for the new program to be more effective
Results
Sustainable transport is mainstream in Indian cities
30+ Indian Cities have more than 40% of motorized travel in public transport
Scaling-up: EMBARQ Mexico
Enabling national programs: PROTRAM PROGRAMA DE TRANSPORTE MASIVO DEL FONDO NACIONAL DE
INFRAESTRUCTURA
Created 2009
Part of the National Infrastructure Fund (FONADIN)
All road and rail transport, including urban transport: MX$336 billion (US$25.6 billion), 2007-12
Funded by toll highway concessions (Fideicomiso de Apoyo al Rescate de Autopistas Concesionadas – FARAC)
Provides grants and loans for studies and project infrastructure
Studies: up to 100 percent of cost as grant
Infrastructure: up to 50 percent of cost as grant or 66 percent as loan
Goals: 800 km of new lines, 4 billion passengers
Latin American
Association of
Integrated Bus
Systems and
BRT Agencies
Member of RS-10 Partnership
A global road safety program
(10 Countries, 6 Partners)
INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT
What finance is available for transport
activities?
582
148 149
8 ,3000 ,02490 0.001 ,6000 0
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200
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400
500
600
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Bil
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SD
Global annual transport investments by source of finance
Climate finance
Sources: OECD, UNFCCC
Help set a favourable environment for the development of public
transport and other forms of sustainable transport by implement a
basic package of policies
Help duplicate political leadership by utilising forums such as the
C40 or ICLEI to exchange good practice.
New forums focusing specifically at cities within Latin America or
Asia, for example Environmental Sustainable Transport Forum
Help ensure that adequate financial resources are available and
properly managed, by setting up an urban transport fund
How to upscale – Local and city networks
Help foster local-level leadership through:
Making budgetary support provided from the national government
to cities
Help set the right conditions for sustainable urban transport modes and
urban development, through:
Designing and implementing fiscal measures such as fuel and
vehicle taxes, as well as phasing out environmentally harmful
subsidies
Implementing regulatory measures such as vehicle efficiency
standards and fuel standards
Planning guidance and regulation for (new) settlements
Provide guidance on good practice in e.g. traffic demand
management and public transport management/ operations, as well as
how to set up urban transport institutions.
How to upscale – National Government
Help foster local leadership by:
Providing prizes for (future) leaders to receive education in sustainable
transport policy (Sustainable Transport Award, Healthy Life Healthy Cities)
Help enhance institutional and human capacity by:
Providing technical assistance in setting up integrated urban transport
authority
Help set the conditions for reforming transport policies by:
Providing technical assistance projects on e.g. master planning, transport
demand management, tax reform, regulatory reform
Provide financial resources for the implementation of sustainable transport
projects by:
Earmarking a certain percentage of Official Development Assistance to
sustainable transport
Revising/Developing rules on climate finance
Recognition of Sustainable transport in Rio+20
How to upscale – International Bodies
https://community.wri
.org/NetCommunity/S
SLPage.aspx?pid=305
Thank you! Gracias!
www.embarq.org
Cities are the center piece of future (sustainable) development
Sustainable Development (Accessibility, quality of life etc.) should be the main driver for transport
No silver bullet – need to avoid – (prevent a) shift and improve – integrated solution needed
National regulations, standards, guidelines to support cities
Decoupling economic growth and motorisation could lead to green growth – leverage domestic and international funding
Involving private sector as an important stakeholder leveraging more investment into sustainable transport infrastructure
Conclusions: How to upscale?
Domestic (local and national) finance is key towards sustainable transport –wide range of finance tools are available
National governments setting the right financial framework (reform subsidies and taxes)
Continue dialogue shifting MDB’s and governmental aid strategy supporting developing countries
Strengthen regional and global thematic clusters enabling capacity building, knowledge transfer and political dialogue
Technology solutions beyond fuels and vehicles
Conclusions: How to upscale?