KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions
Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005
AGOR
KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions
Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005
AGOR
8 MЄ annual running budget
22 scientists ~20 students ~ 100 people total
KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions
Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005
AGOR
• Science• Education: International Research School FANTOM (NL,F,B,D,S) study weeks e.g. on Neutrinos in Physics and Cosmology
KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions
Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting, Amsterdam, 23 September 2005
AGOR
ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP • Interacting HadronsInteracting Hadrons• Nuclear Structure and its Nuclear Structure and its Implications forImplications for AstrophysicsAstrophysics• Atomic Physics• Nuclear Geophysics
ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP
ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGORirradiation• RRPP • KVI Partnership Program
ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP • Astroparticle PhysicsAstroparticle Physics
ScientificScientific ProgramsPrograms• AGORAGOR• RRPP • Astroparticle PhysicsAstroparticle Physics• Collaboration with GSICollaboration with GSI
• Accelerator PhysicsAccelerator Physics• Atomic PhysicsAtomic Physics• Nuclear Structure Nuclear Structure Nuclear Astrophys.Nuclear Astrophys.• PANDAPANDA
Up to recentlty:Continued FundingFuture: 2007 - 2013
KVI – GroningenKVI – GroningenFundamental InteractionsFundamental Interactions
Klaus JungmannKlaus JungmannRECFA Meeting,Amsterdam, 23 September 2005RECFA Meeting,Amsterdam, 23 September 2005
AGOR
TRITRIP P
TTrappedrapped RRadioactive adioactive IIsotopes:sotopes: icrolaboratorieicrolaboratoriess forfor fundamentalfundamental PPhysivshysivs
Users FacilityUsers Facility Scientific FOCUS on:Scientific FOCUS on:Fundamental Symmetries and Fundamental Symmetries and InteractionsInteractions CP / T - violation -decays EDM searches
TRITRIPP TTrapped RRadioactive IIsotopes:
icrolaboratories for Fundamental PPhysics
TheoryNuclearPhysics
ExperimentNuclearPhysics
AtomicPhysics
funding:funding: people people (scientists)(scientists)::G. Berg, U. Dammalapati, S. De, S. Dean, P. Dendooven, O. Dermois, M.N. Harakeh, R. Hoekstra, K. Jungmann, A. Mol, R. Morgenstern,C.J.G. Onderwater, A. Rogachevskiy, O.Scholten, M. Sohani, R. Timmermans, E. Traykov, L. Willmann, H.W. Wilschut + many more colleagues providing support
project project programprogram 2001 2001 20132013
Fundamental Interactions – Standard Model
StrongStrong
GravitationGravitation
??
MagnetismMagnetism
ElectricityElectricityMaxwell
Glashow,Salam, t'Hooft,
Veltman,WeinbergWeakWeak
ElectroElectro --MagnetismMagnetism
ElectroElectro --WeakWeakStandard ModelStandard Model
GrantGrandUnificationUnification
not yet known?not yet known? Physics outside Standard ModelPhysics outside Standard ModelSearches for New PhysicsSearches for New Physics
Physics within the Standard ModelPhysics within the Standard Model
Some Questions related to Some Questions related to TRITRIPP Physics Physics
• Origin of Parity ViolationOrigin of Parity Violation in Weak Interactions in Weak Interactions
• (nature prefers lefthandedness)(nature prefers lefthandedness)
details of details of -decays-decays
Na, Ne, Ca isotopesNa, Ne, Ca isotopes
• Dominance of MatterDominance of Matter over Antimatterover Antimatter in Universe in Universe ??
CP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity ViolationCP - Violation, Time Reversal Symmetry, Parity Violation
permanent permanent EElectric lectric DDipole ipole MMoments ?oments ?
Ra isotopesRa isotopes DeuteronsDeuterons
TRITRIPPPossibilities to Test New ModelsPossibilities to Test New Models
High Energies High Energies & Direct Observations& Direct Observations
Low EnergiesLow Energies& Precision Measurement& Precision Measurement
New Interactions in Nuclear New Interactions in Nuclear -Decay-Decay
In Standard Model:Weak Interaction is
V-A
In general -decaycould be also
S , P, T
Vector [Tensor]
+
e
[ ][ ]
Scalar [Axial vector]
+
e
[ ][ ]
TRITRIPP
• R and D test both TTime RReversal VViolation• DD most potential • RR scalar and tensor (EDM, a)• technique D measurements yield a, A, b, B
New Interactions in Nuclear New Interactions in Nuclear -Decay-Decay
In Standard Model:Weak Interaction is
V-A
In general -decaycould be also
S , P, T
TRITRIPP
21Na (Berkeley)Scielzo,Freedman, Fujikawa, VetterPRL 93, 102501-1 (2004)
a exp = 0.5243(91) a theor = 0.558(6)
38mK (TRIUMF)A. Gorelov et al.PRL 94, 142501 (2005) a exp = 0.9978(30)(37) a theor = 1
} -branching?
TRITRIPP Radium Permanent Radium Permanent EElectric lectric DDipole ipole MMomentoment
EDMEDMss violateviolate- P- Parityarity- T- Time Reversalime Reversal-CP -CP SymmetrySymmetry
AdvantageAdvantage over “best“ atom so far (over “best“ atom so far (199199Hg)Hg)
- close states of opposite parity - close states of opposite parity several several 10 000 enhancement10 000 enhancement possible possible- some nuclei strongly deformed- some nuclei strongly deformed may give may give nuclear enhancementnuclear enhancement
66
Some Some EDMEDM Experiments compared Experiments compared
1.610-27
•
Start TRIP
•199Hg
Radium potential
de (SM) < 10-37
molecules:
New 2004 from muon g-2:New 2004 from muon g-2:d (muon) < 2.8d (muon) < 2.8 1010-19-19
after E.Hinds
TRITRIPPPossible Sources of EDMsPossible Sources of EDMs
IonCatcher
RFQCooler
MOT
Beyond the Standard
ModelTeV Physics
Nu
clea
r P
hys
ics
Ato
mic
Ph
ysic
sP
arti
cle
Ph
ysic
s
ProductionTarget
MagneticSeparator
MeV
meV
keV
eV
neV
AGORcyclotron
AGOR cyclotronIon catcher (thermal ioniser or gas-cell)
Low energy beam line
RFQ cooler/buncher MOT
MOT
D
D
DD
Q
Q Q
Q
Magnetic separator
Production target
TRITRIP FacilityP Facility
Degrader selection
Focal plane dE detector: dE-TOF
21Na
80 kcps / 25pnA 21Ne
L. Achouri et al.
separatorseparator
laser lablaser lab
TheoryNuclearPhysicsExperiment
NuclearPhysics
AtomicPhysics
TRITRIPP
Key Issues and ExperimentsKey Issues and ExperimentsTRITRIPP
• TRITRIP P will be awill be a user facilityuser facility open to outside users open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!)(first users from France already in 2004!)
• KVIKVI will concentrate will concentrate firstfirst on on CP/ T violation – electroweak testsCP/ T violation – electroweak tests ** - decay (- decay (20,2120,21Na, Na, 1919Ne, Ne, 3939Ca)Ca) ** electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) applicationsapplications * * ALCATRAZALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) (rare Ca isotope detection)
TRITRIPP
41Ca
The ALCATRAZ Experimenta precursor for TRIP (R. Hoekstra, R. Morgenstern et al.) Early Spin Off
10-12 sensititivity reached working towards 10-14
Key Issues and ExperimentsKey Issues and ExperimentsTRITRIPP
• TRITRIP P will be awill be a user facilityuser facility open to outside users open to outside users (first users from France already in 2004!)(first users from France already in 2004!)
• KVIKVI will concentrate will concentrate firstfirst on on CP/ T violation – electroweak testsCP/ T violation – electroweak tests ** - decay (- decay (20,2120,21Na, Na, 1919Ne, Ne, 3939Ca)Ca) ** electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) electric dipole moments (Ra, d ) applicationsapplications * * ALCATRAZALCATRAZ (rare Ca isotope detection) (rare Ca isotope detection)
• OUTSIDE USERSOUTSIDE USERS
** 2121Na branching ratio Na branching ratio (France) (France) completed completed * * 1919Ne lifetime Ne lifetime (USA)(USA) completed completed
* d-EDM ring experiment * d-EDM ring experiment on its way on its way
(USA, Russia, Italy, Germany …)(USA, Russia, Italy, Germany …) * * 1212N, N, 1212BB-decays into 3 -decays into 3
(Scandinavia) (Scandinavia) LOI LOI * * single ion parity experiments single ion parity experiments (USA) (USA) discussed discussed
… …
AGOR is Indispensable for TRIAGOR is Indispensable for TRIP at P at KVIKVI
Precison experiments require Precison experiments require time to develop: time to develop: AGOR & KVI idealAGOR & KVI ideal ( compare ISOLDE @ CERN( compare ISOLDE @ CERN or AD @ CERN )or AD @ CERN )
Various upgrades and adaptationsVarious upgrades and adaptations• New BeamsNew Beams
• e.g. e.g. 208208PbPb• new sources (metals)new sources (metals)• improved transmissionimproved transmission• … …....
• High Power High Power ( 100W…1 kW)( 100W…1 kW)
• new extractionnew extraction• beam stopsbeam stops• beam monitoringbeam monitoring• … …....
S . Brandenburg &CoS . Brandenburg &Co
TRITRIPP
muon g-2muon g-2
Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field
charged particle EDMcharged particle EDM
Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field
(g-2)(g-2): Result after a long series : Result after a long series
of precision measurementsof precision measurements andandtheory efforttheory effort
including
KLOE-Measurement
11 659 000 ∙ 1010
(g-2)(g-2) aa challenge for theorychallenge for theory
muon g-2muon g-2
Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field
charged particle EDMcharged particle EDM
Spin precessionSpin precessionin (electro-)in (electro-)magnetic fieldmagnetic field
d d d
Searches for Searches for EDMs in charged particles:s in charged particles:Novel Method invented Novel Method invented
Motional Electric Fields exploitedMotional Electric Fields exploited
International Collaboration(USA, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany, NL, …)
• 3 possible sites discussed: BNL, KVI, Frascati
• Limit dD <10-27 …10-29 e cm
• Can be >10 times more sensitive than neutron dn
G. Onderwater et al.
R0 1..2 m
TRITRIPP
Goals of TRIGoals of TRIP @KVIP @KVI• Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) Study fundamental interactions using stored (radioactive) isotopesisotopes
• A facility is created for KVI scientists and outside usersA facility is created for KVI scientists and outside users (the first groups are already active, proposals P01,P02,P03,P04 )(the first groups are already active, proposals P01,P02,P03,P04 )
General Time LinesGeneral Time Lines
• Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005Project started 2001; setup facility until end 2005
• TRITRIP became a managed program in July 2001P became a managed program in July 2001
• Exploitation of facility until 2013 Exploitation of facility until 2013 (also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004)(also in new FOM strategic plan from 2004)
Facility Setup is more or less on ScheduleFacility Setup is more or less on Schedule
• Opportunities for low energyOpportunities for low energy Fundamental Symmetries and Interaction researchFundamental Symmetries and Interaction research• TRITRIPP Facility ready for first users Facility ready for first users
Thank YOU !
mirror image time time
matter anti-matter
anti-particle particle e+ e-
P C T
from H.W. Wilschut
Generic EDM ExperimentGeneric EDM Experiment
Polarization Spin RotationDeterminationof Ensemble Spin average
PreparationPreparation of
“pure“ J stateJ state
Interaction Interaction with
EE - field - field
AnalysisAnalysisof
statestate
Example: d=10-24 e cm, E=100 kV/cm, J=1/2e 15.2 mHz
Electric Dipole Moment: d = x c-1 J
Spin precession : e hJ
dJ
contains all physics –contains all physics –
““e cm” values by themselves
e cm” values by themselves
not very helpfulnot very helpful
xx = e= eħħ/2m/2m
xx