KANJI TO HANJA: SOME BASIC RULES When learning Korean you'll have so many advantages if you already know Japanese (or vice versa), both in terms of grammar and also in terms of the vocabulary. I have gathered 300 Japanese words that can be easily memorized in Korean based on some pronunciation rules. For those of you who want rapid progression in your vocabulary learning this should make the learning process a lot easier. Although there are exceptions to the rules here you can apply them to a wide range of Korean words to get a deeper understanding of their roots. Remember that although hanja rarely are used to write Korean more than 50% of all Korean words have Chinese origin; so-called sino-Korean words. The sino-Korean words can thus be compared to the sino-Japanese for a rapid increase in mastered vocabulary. I have added the symbols 上 (high), 中 (middle) and 下 (low) to indicate how often the rules can be applied to other kanji with the same pronunciation.
-EI Kanji that end in ei often change their ending to (y)eong in Korean. えい‐>영 (ei becomes yeong): 上
• 水泳‐> 수영 (suiei ‐> suyeong) = swimming • 永遠‐> 영원 (eien ‐> yeongwon) = eternal • 英語 ‐> 영어 (eigo ‐> yeongeo) = English
• 映画 ‐> 영화 (eiga ‐> yeonghwa) = movie • 栄養 ‐> 영양 (eiyō ‐> yeongyang) = nutrition けい ‐> 경 (kei becomes kyeong): 上
• 経験 ‐> 경험 (keiken ‐> kyeongheom) = experience • 傾向 ‐> 경향 (keikō ‐> kyeonghyang) = tendency
• 夜景 ‐> 야경 (yakei ‐> yakyeong) = evening view • 競争 ‐> 경쟁 (kyōsō ‐> kyeongjaeng) = compete • 尊敬 ‐> 존경 (sonkei ‐> jongyeong) = respect • 警告 ‐> 경고 (keikoku ‐> kyeonggo) = warning • 捕鯨 ‐> 포경 (hogei ‐> ppogyeong) = whale hunting • 軽挙妄動 ‐> 경거 망동 (keikyomōdō ‐> kyeonggeo mangdong) = rash
action せい ‐> 성/정/청 (sei becomes seong/jeong/ccheong): 中
• 誠実 ‐> 성실 (seijitsu ‐> seongshil) = sincerity • 声優 ‐> 성우 (seiyū ‐> seongu) = voice actor
• 星座 ‐> 성좌 (seiza ‐> seongjwa) = a constellation • 成績 ‐> 성적 (seisek ‐> seongjeok) = grades • 盛況 ‐> 성황 (seikyō ‐> seonghwang) = success • 姓名 ‐> 성명 (seimei ‐> seongmyeong) = full name • 聖書 ‐> 성서 (seisho ‐> seongseo) = Bible
• 可能性 ‐> 가능성 (kanōsei ‐> kaneungseong) = possibility • 政治 ‐> 정치 (seiji ‐> jeongcchi) = politics • 精神 ‐> 정신 (seishin ‐> jeongshin) = mind, spirit • 整理 ‐> 정리 (seiri ‐> jeongri) = put in order, adjust
• 訂正 ‐>정정 (teisei jeongjeong) = correction, revision • 青春 ‐> 청춘 (seishun ‐> ccheongcchun) = youth • 清純 ‐> 청순 (seijyun ‐> ccheongsun) = pure, innocent てい ‐> 정 (tei becomes cyeong): 中
• 程度 ‐> 정도 (teidō ‐> cyeongdo) = a degree • 定期 ‐> 정기 (teiki ‐> cyeonggi) = a fixed period • 家庭 ‐> 가정 (katei ‐> kacheong) = household • 停滞 ‐> 정체 (teitai ‐> jeongcche) = stagnate, pile up • 改訂‐> 개정(kaitei gaejeong) = revision, alteration へい ‐> 병/평 (hei becomes ppyeong): 中
• 平和 ‐> 평화 (heiwa ‐> ppyeonghwa) = peace
• 平日 ‐> 평일 (heijitsu ‐> ppyeongil) = weekday • 兵力 ‐>병력 (heiryoku ‐> pyeongryok) = military power めい ‐> 명 (mei becomes myeong): 上
• 有名‐>유명 (yūmei ‐> yumyeong) = famous
• 名詞‐>명사 (meishi ‐> myeongsa) = noun • 明確 ‐>명확 (meikaku ‐> myeonghwak) = clear • 影響 ‐> 영향 (eikyō ‐> yeonghyang) = influence • 営業 ‐> 영업 (eigyō ‐> yeongeop) = business • 栄養 ‐> 영양 (eiyō ‐> yeongyang) = nutrition • 感銘 ‐> 감명 (kanmei ‐> kammyeong) = impressed
• 革命 ‐> 혁명 (kakumei ‐> hyeokmyeong) = revolution • 悲鳴 ‐> 비명 (himei ‐> pimyeong) = a scream
れい ‐> 령 (rei becomes ryeong): 下
• 命令 ‐> 명령 (meirei ‐> myeongryeong) = an order
• 高齢者 ‐> 고령자 (kōreisha ‐> koryeongja) = an elder
-EN Kanji that end in en often change their ending to (y)eon in Korean. えん ‐> 연 (en becomes yeon): 中
• 宴会 ‐> 연회 (eikai ‐> yeonfae) = a banquet
• 無縁 ‐> 무연 (muen ‐> muyeon) = without connection • 演技 ‐> 연기 (engi ‐> yeongi) = acting, performance • 延期 ‐> 연기 (enki ‐> yeongi) = prospone • 沿岸 ‐> 연안 (engan ‐> yeonan) = coast • 禁煙 ‐> 금연 (kinen ‐> keumyeon) = nonsmoking えん ‐> 원 (en becomes won): 中
• 公園 ‐> 공원 (kōen ‐> kongwon) = park • 永遠 ‐> 영원 (eien ‐> yeongwon) = eternal • 支援 ‐> 사원 (shien ‐> sawon) = assistance • 円形 ‐> 원형 (enkei ‐> wonhyeong) = circular • 犬猿 ‐> 견원 (kenen ‐> kyeonwon) = like cats and dogs (/dog and monkey)
• 遠距離 ‐> 원거리 (enkyori ‐> wongori) = long-‐distance relationship けん ‐> 견 (ken becomes kyeon) 下
• 発見 ‐> 발견 (hakken ‐> palkyeon) = discover • 堅固 ‐> 견고 (kengo ‐> kyeongo) = strong • 狂犬病 ‐> 광견병 (kyōkenbyō ‐> kwangkyeonbyeong) = rabies
けん ‐>원 (ken becomes won): 下
• 資源 ‐> 자원 (shigen ‐> jawon) = resource • 電源 ‐> 전원 (dengen ‐> jeonwon) = power source • 原則 ‐> 원칙 (genzoku ‐> woncchik = principle せん‐>선/전/천 (sen becomes seon/ccheon): 中
• 先生 ‐> 선생 (sensei ‐> seonsaeng) = teacher • 選挙 ‐> 선거 (senkyo ‐> seonko) = election
• 処方箋 ‐> 처방전 (shohōsen ‐> cchopangjeon) = prescription • 新鮮 ‐> 신선 (shinsen ‐> sinseon) = fresh • 専攻 ‐> 전공 (senkō ‐> jeongong) = university major • 戦争 ‐> 전쟁 (sensō ‐> jeonjaeng) = war • 安全 ‐> 안전 (anzen ‐> anjeon) = safety • 推薦 ‐> 추천 (suisen ‐> cchuccheon) = recommend
• 扇風機‐>선퐁기 (senpuuki ‐> seonpponggi) = electric fan てん/でん‐>전/천 (ten/den becomes jeon/cceon): 中
• 伝統 ‐> 전통 (dentō ‐> jeonttong) = tradition • 典型的 ‐> 전형적 (tenkeiteki ‐> jeonhyeongjeok) = typical • 宮殿 ‐> 궁전 (kyūden ‐> kungjeon) = palace
• 展示会 ‐> 전시회 (tenjikai ‐> jeonshifae) = exhibition • 転載 ‐> 전재 (tensai ‐> jeonjae) = reprint, reproduce • 発展 ‐> 발전 (hatten ‐> paljeon) = development • 天使 ‐> 천사 (tenshi ‐> cceonsa) = angel • 油田 ‐> 유전 (yuden ‐> yujeon) = an oil field へん‐> 변/편 (hen becomes pyeon/ppyeon): 上
• 変態 ‐> 변태 (hentai ‐> pyeonttae) = a pervert • 便利 ‐> 변리 (benri ‐> pyeonri) = useful
• 弁護士 ‐> 변호사 (bengoshi ‐> pyeonhosa) = lawyer • 編集 ‐> 편집 (henshū ‐> ppyeonjip) = edit • 断片 ‐> 단편 (danpen ‐> danppyeon) = fragment • 偏見 ‐> 편견 (henken ‐> ppyeonkyeon) = prejudice
• 辺境 ‐> 변경 (henkyo ‐> pyeonkyeong) = remote region めん ‐> 면 (men becomes myeon): 中
• 面接 ‐> 면접 (mensetsu ‐> myeonjeop) = interview • 免許 ‐> 면허 (menkyo ‐> myenheo) = license
• 拉麵 ‐> 라면 (ramen ‐> ramyeon) = ramen • 綿羊 ‐> 면양 (menyō ‐> myeonyang) = a sheep れん‐>연 (ren becomes yeon): 下
• 練習 ‐> 연습 (renshuu ‐> yeonseup) = practice • 連絡 ‐> 연락 (renraku ‐> yeonlak, pronounced yeollak) = contact
• 恋愛 ‐> 연애 (renai ‐> yeonae) = love
-TSU Kanji that end in tsu often change their ending to (yeo)l in Korean. かつ ‐> 할/활 (katsu becomes hal/hwal): 上
• 生活 ‐> 생활 (seikatsu ‐> saenghwal) = daily life 割引 ‐> 할인 (waribiki ‐> halin) = discount *note that the Japanse
word uses kunyomi. • 活動 ‐> 활동 (katsudō ‐> hwaldong) = activity くつ ‐> 굴 (kutsu becomes kul): 上
• 発掘 ‐> 발굴 (hakkutsu ‐> palkul) = excavation • 屈辱 ‐> 굴욕 (kutsujyoku ‐> kulyok) = humiliation
けつ‐>결 (ketsu becomes kyeol): 上
• 決定 ‐> 결정 (kettei ‐> kyeolcyeong) = decision
• 結論 ‐> 결론 (ketsuron ‐> kyeollon) = conclusion • 結婚 ‐> 결혼 (kekkon ‐> kyeolhon) = marriage • 結末 ‐> 결말 (ketsumatsu ‐> kyeolmal) = end • 潔白 ‐> 결백 (keppaku ‐> kyeolbaek) = innocent • 欠席 ‐> 결석 (kesseki ‐> kyeolseok) = absence さつ ‐> 살/찰 (satsu becomes sal/cchal): 中
• 殺人 ‐> 살인 (satsujin ‐> salin) = murder • 警察 ‐> 경찰 (keisatsu ‐> kyeongcchal) = police しつ ‐> 실 (shitsu becomes shil): 上
• 失礼 ‐> 실례 (shitsurei ‐> shillye) = rude
• 質問 ‐> 실문 (shitsumon ‐> shilmun) = question • 真実 ‐> 진실 (shinjitsu ‐> jinshil) = truth • 教室 ‐> 교실 (kyōshitsu ‐> kyoshil) = classroom • 室内 ‐> 실내(shitsunai ‐> shilnae) = indoors しゅつ‐>출 (shutsu becomes cchul): 上
• 出産 ‐> 출산 (shussan ‐> cchulsan) = childbirth • 出口‐> 출구 (deguchi ‐> cchulgu) = exit せつ‐>설/절 (setsu becomes seol or cyeol): 上
• 説明 ‐> 설명 (setsumei ‐> seolmyeong) = explain • 設立 ‐> 설립 (setsuritsu ‐> seollip) = establish • 節約 ‐> 절약 (setsuyaku ‐> cyeolyak) = saving (money etc) • 絶対 ‐> 절대 (zettai ‐> cyeoltae) = certainly • 親切‐> 친절 (sinsetsu ‐> cchinjeol) = friendly
• 降雪 ‐> 강설 (kōsetsu ‐> kangseol) = snowfall はつ ‐> 발 (hatsu becomes pal): 上
• 発表 ‐> 발뵤 (happyou ‐> palpyo) = performance/presentation • 出発 ‐> 출발 (shuppatsu ‐> cchulbal) = departure • 発音 ‐> 발음 (hatsuon ‐> palum) = pronunciation • 金髪‐> 금발 (kinpatsu ‐> keumpal) = blonde hair ばつ ‐> 벌 (batsu becomes beol): 中
• 体罰 ‐> 체벌 (taibatsu ‐> cchebeol) = fysical punishment • 財閥 ‐> 재벌 (zaibatsu ‐> jaebeol) = zaibatsu, a big company ぶつ ‐> 물/불 (butsu becomes mul/pul): 中
• 物価 ‐> 물가 (bukka ‐> mulga) = commodity prices
• 動物 ‐> 동물 (doubutsu ‐> dongmul) = animal • 仏教 ‐> 불교 (bukkyo ‐> pulkyo) = Buddhism べつ‐>별 (betsu becomes byeol): 上
• 差別 ‐> 차별 (sabetsu ‐>cchabyeol) = racism
• 性別 ‐> 성별 (seibetsu ‐> seongbyeol) = gender まつ ‐> 말 (matsu become mal): 下
• 週末 ‐> 주말 (shūmatsu ‐> jyumal) = weekend めつ ‐> 멸 (metsu become myeol): 下
• 全滅 ‐> 전멸 (zenmetsu ‐> jeonmyeol) = annihilate みつ ‐> 밀 (mitsu becomes mil): 上
• 秘密 ‐> 비밀 (himitsu ‐> pimil) = secret
• 密室 ‐> 밀실 (misshitsu ‐> milshil) a closed room
-YŌ Kanji that end in (y)ō often shift their ending to (ya)ng in Korean. おう ‐> 왕 (ō become wang): 中
• 往復 ‐> 왕복 (ōfuku ‐> wangbok) = round trip • 王冠 ‐> 왕관 (ōkan ‐> wangkwan) = crown こう‐> 공 (kō becomes kong): 中
• 成功 ‐> 성공 (seikō ‐> seongkong) = succeed • 公式 ‐> 공식 (kōshiki ‐> kongshik) = formal こう ‐> 행 (kō becomes haeng): 中
• 飛行機 ‐> 비행기 (hikōki‐> pihaenggi) = plane • 行動 ‐> 행동 (kōdō ‐> haengdong) = action • 幸福 ‐> 행복 (kōfuku ‐> haengbok) = fortunate • 銀行 ‐> 은행 (ginkō ‐> eunhaeng) = bank そう ‐> 상 (sō becomes sang): 中
• 相談 ‐> 상단 (sōdan ‐> sangdan) = consultation • 想像 ‐> 상상 (sōsō ‐> sangsang) = imagination • 感想 ‐> 감상 (kansō ‐> kamsang) = impression そう ‐> 장/창 (sō becomes jang/chang): 中
• 別荘 ‐> 별장 (bessō ‐> pyeoljang) = cottage • 倉庫 ‐> 장고 (sōko ‐> janggo) = storage room • 仮装 ‐> 가장 (kasō ‐> kajang) = disguise • 葬列‐> 장렬 (sōtsu ‐> jangryeol) = a funeral procession • 想像 ‐> 상상 (sōsō ‐> sangsang) = imagine
商品 ‐> 상품 (shōhin ‐> sangppum) = a commodity • 窓口 ‐> 창구 (madoguchi ‐> changgu) = a window *the Japanse word
uses kunyomi. じょう ‐> 상 (jyō sometimes becomes sang): 中
• 非常 ‐> 비상 (hijyō ‐> pisang) = extreme • 以上 ‐> 이상 (ijyō ‐> isang) = more than しょう/じょう ‐> 장 (shō/jyō becomes jang): 上
• 将来 ‐> 장래 (shōrai ‐> jangrae) = future • 奨学金 ‐> 장학금 (shōgakukin ‐> janghakkeum) = scholarship • 文章 ‐> 문장 (bunshō ‐> munjang) = sentence • 故障 ‐> 고장 (koshō ‐> kojang) = out of order • 駐車場 ‐> 주차장 (chūshajō ‐> jucchajang) = parking lot • 場所 ‐> 장소 (basho ‐> jangso) = place (the Japanese 場 uses kunyomi) ちょう ‐> 장 (chō becomes jang): 中
• 緊張 ‐> 긴장 (kinchō ‐> kinjang) = to be nervous • 流暢 ‐> 유장 (ryūchō ‐> yujang) = fluent • 社長 ‐> 사장 (shachō ‐> sajang) = president of a company • 通帳 ‐> 통장 (tsūjang ‐> ttongjang) = bank book とう/どう ‐> 동/통 (dō becomes dong/ttong): 上
• 運動 ‐> 운동 (undō ‐> undong) = exercise • 同僚 ‐> 동료 (dōryō ‐> dongryo) = colleague • 童話 ‐> 동화 (dōwa ‐> donghwa) = fairy tail
• 大統領 ‐> 대통령 (daitōryō ‐> daettongryeong) = president • 東アジア ‐> 동아시아 (higashi-‐Ajia ‐> dong-‐Ashia) = East Asia • 自動販売機 ‐>자동 판매기 (jidōhanbaiki ‐> jadong ppanmaegi) =
vending machine
とう ‐> 탕 (tō becomes ttang): 中
• 砂糖‐>사탕 (satō ‐> sattang) = sugar もう/ぼう ‐> 망 (mō/bō becomes mang): 中
• 妄想 ‐> 망상 (mōsō ‐> mangsang) = delusion • 希望 ‐> 희망 (kibō ‐> hwimang) = hope ほう‐> 방 (hō becomes pang): 中
• 方法 ‐> 방법 (hōhō ‐> pangpop) = method • 方向 ‐> 방향 (hōkō ‐> hōhyang) = direction • 防災 ‐> 방제 (bōzai ‐> pangje) = disaster prevention • 紡績 ‐> 방적 (bōseki ‐> pangjeok) = spinning ひょう ‐> 병/평 (hyō becomes pyeong): 中
• 病院 ‐> 병원 (byōin ‐> byeongwon) = hospital • 評価 ‐> 평가 (hyōka ‐> ppyeong) = value よう‐> 양 (yō becomes yang): 上
• 西洋 ‐> 서양 (seiyō ‐> seoyang) = the West
• 羊毛 ‐> 양모 (yōmō ‐> yangmo) = wool • 多様 ‐> 다양 (tayō ‐> tayang) = many • 抑揚 ‐> 억양 (yokuyō ‐> ogyang) = intonation • 養育院 ‐> 양육원 (yōikuin ‐> yangyukwon) = orphanage よう ‐> 용 (yō becomes yong): 中
• 使用 ‐> 사용 (shiyō ‐> sayong) = use • 内容 ‐> 내용 (naiyō ‐> naeyong) = content
-Ai Kanji that end in ai often shift their ending to ae in Korean あい ‐> 애 (ai becomes ae): 上
• 愛情 ‐> 애정 (aijyō ‐> aejeong) = affection • 曖昧 ‐> 애매 (aimai ‐> aemae) = vague かい ‐> 해 (kai becomes hae): 中
• 海外 ‐> 해위 (kaigai ‐> haeue) = overseas • 理解 ‐> 의해 (rikai ‐> euihae) = understand さい ‐> 재/채 (sai becomes jae/cchae): 上
• 野菜‐>야채 (yasai ‐> yacchae) = vegetables
• 採掘 ‐> 채굴 (saikutsu ‐> cchaegul) = mining • 再考 ‐> 재고 (saikō ‐> jaeko) = reconsider • 財団 ‐> 재단 (zaidan‐> jaedan) = foundation • 災害 ‐> 재해 (saigai ‐> jaehae) = a disaster • 現在 ‐> 현재 (genzai ‐> hyeonjae) = the present time • 天才‐> 천재 (tensai ‐> ccheonjae) = a genius
• 掲載 ‐> 게재 (keisai ‐> kyejae) = to publish/insert (in magazine etc) たい ‐> 대/태 (tai becomes dae/ttae): 上
• 太陽 ‐> 태양 (taiyō ‐> ttaeyang) = the sun • 対応 ‐> 대응 (taiō ‐> daeeung) = correspondence • 大会 ‐> 대회 (taikai ‐> daefae) = a mass meeting
• 軍隊 ‐> 군대 (guntai ‐> gundae) = the military • 待望 ‐> 대망 (taibō ‐> daemang) = wait eagerly for something • 賃貸 ‐> 임대 (chintai ‐> imdae) = lease, rent • 包帯 ‐> 붕대 (bōtai ‐> bungtae) = bandage
• 戴冠式 ‐> 대관식 (taikanshiki ‐> daekwanshik) = coronation ceremony • 安泰 ‐> 안태 (antai ‐> anttae) = peace, well-‐being • 台風 ‐> 태풍 (taifū ‐> ttaeppung) = typhoon • 態度 ‐> 태도 (taido ‐> ttaedo) = a manner ない ‐> 내 (nai becomes nae): 中
• 案内 ‐> 안내 (annai ‐> annae) = guide はい/ばい ‐> 배/매 (hai/bai/pai becomes pae/bae/mae): 上
• 背信 ‐> 배신 (haishin ‐> baeshin) = betrayer • 配達 ‐> 배달 (haitatsu ‐> baedal) = delivery • 俳優 ‐> 배우 (haiyū ‐> baeu) = actor • 二倍 ‐> 두 배 (nibai ‐> tu bae) = twice • 培養 ‐> 배양 (baiyō ‐> baeyang) = cultivate
• 陪審 ‐> 배심 (baishin ‐> baeshim) = a jury • 乾杯 ‐> 건배 (kanpai ‐> keonbae) = cheers! • 崇拝 ‐> 숭배 (sūhai ‐> sungbae) = to worship • 先輩 ‐> 선배 (senpai ‐> seonbae) = senpai (person with more
experience) • 販売 ‐> 판매 (hanbai ‐> ppanmae) = sales, selling
• 媒介 ‐> 매개 (baikai ‐> maegae) = transmit まい ‐> 매 (mai becomes mae): 上
• 毎日 ‐> 매일 (mainichi ‐> maeil) = every day • 蒙昧 ‐> 몽매 (mōmai ‐> mongmae) = ignorance
• 埋葬 ‐> 매장 (maisō ‐> maejang) = a burial • 姉妹 ‐> 자매 (shimei ‐> jamae) = sisters らい ‐> 내 (rai becomes nae): 中
• 来年 ‐> 내 (rainen ‐> naenyeon) = next year
OTHER しゃ ‐> 사 (sha becomes sa): 上
• 感謝 ‐> 감사 (kansha ‐> kamsa) = thanks, appreciate • 会社‐> 회사 (kaisha ‐> faesa) = company • 写真 ‐> 사진 (shashin ‐> sajin) = picture • 斜面 ‐> 사면 (shamen ‐> samyeon) = slope • 校舎 ‐> 교사 (kōsha ‐> kyosa) = school building • 注射 ‐> 주사 (chūsha ‐> jusa) = injection し/じ ‐>사/시/자/지 (shi/ji becomes sa/shi/ja/ji): 中
• 市場 ‐> 시장 (shijyou ‐> shijang) = market • 事実‐>시실 (jijitsu ‐> sashil) = truth • 獅子 ‐>사자 (shishi ‐> saja) = lion • 歴史‐>역사 (rekishi ‐> yoksa) = history
• 辞典‐>사전 (jiten ‐> sajeon) = dictionary • 事故‐>사고 (jisho‐>sago) = accident • 学士‐>학사 (kakushi ‐> haksa) = bachelor degree • 修士‐> 석사 (碩士) (shūshi ‐>seoksa) = master degree • 地震‐>지진 (jishin ‐> jijin) = earthquake • 福祉‐>복지 (fukushi ‐>pokji) = welfare
• 自然 ‐>자연 (shizen‐>jayeon) = natural • 菓子‐> 과 (kashi ‐> kwaja) = confectionary • 刺繍 ‐> 자수 (shishū ‐> jaju) = embroidery • 自閉症‐>자폐증 (jiheishō‐>jyapyeceung) = autism しゅう ‐> 수 (shū becomes su): 中
• 収入‐> 수입 (shūnyū ‐> suip) = income • 修理 ‐> 수리 (shūri ‐> suri) = repair
• 終了 ‐> 수료 (shūryō ‐> suryo) = completion しゅう ‐> 습 (shū becomes seup): 中
• 練習 ‐> 연습 (rensyū ‐> yeonseup) = practice • 襲撃 ‐> 습격 (shūgeki ‐> seupgyeok) = a surprise attack • 拾得 ‐> 습득 (shūtoku ‐> seupteuk) = to find きゅう ‐> 구 (kyū becomes ku): 中
• 地球 ‐> 지구 (chikyū ‐> jiku) = the Earth
• 研究 ‐> 연구 (kenkyū ‐> yeongu) = research • 旧式 ‐> 구식 (kyūshiki ‐> kushik) = old-‐fashioned きゅう ‐> 급 (kyū becomes keup): 中
• 救急車 ‐> 구급차 (kyūkyūsha ‐> kukeupccha) = ambulance • 給料 ‐> 급료 (kyūryō ‐> keupryo) = income
• 高級 ‐> 고급 (kōkyū ‐> kokeup) = high level しょく ‐> 식/직 (shoku becomes shik/jik): 中
• 植民地 ‐> 식민지 (shokuminchi ‐> shikminji) = a colony • 食用 ‐> 식용 (shokuyō ‐> shikyong) = edible • 職歴 ‐> 직력 (shokureiki ‐> jikryeok) = work experience せき ‐> 석/적/척 (seki becomes seok/jeok/ccheok): 上
• 功績 ‐> 공적 (kōseki ‐> kongjeok) = achievements • 積極的 ‐> 적극적 (sekkyokuteki ‐> cyeokkeukcyeok) = proactive • 赤外線 ‐> 적외선 (sekigaisen ‐> jeokoeseon) = infrared
• 遺跡 ‐> 유적 (iseki ‐> yujeok) = remains/ruins • 国籍 ‐> 국적 (kokuseki ‐> kukjeok) = nationality • 出席 ‐> 출석 (shusseki ‐> cchulseok) = attendance • 昔日 ‐> 석일 (sekijitsu ‐> seokil) = former times
• 分析 ‐> 분석 (bunseki ‐> punseok) = to analyze • 親戚 ‐> 친척 (shinseki ‐> cchinccheok) = relatives しき ‐> 식 (shiki becomes shik): 中
• 常識 ‐> 장식 (jyōshiki ‐> jangshik) = common sense • 卒業式 ‐> 졸업식 (sotsugyoushiki ‐> joleopshik) = graduation
ceremony ひ‐>비/피 (hi becomes bi/ppi): 上
• 肥満 ‐> 비만 (himan ‐> piman) = obesity • 批判 ‐> 비판 (hihan ‐> pippan) = criticize • 比較 ‐> 비교 (hikaku ‐> pikyo) = compare • 悲劇 ‐> 비극 (higeki ‐> pigeuk) = a tragedy • 非行 ‐> 비행 (hikō ‐> pihaeng) = misconduct • 神秘 ‐> 신비 (shinpi ‐> shinbi) = mystery
• 麻痺 ‐> 마비 (mahi ‐> mabi) = paralysis • 学費 ‐> 학비 (gakuhi ‐> hakbi) = tuition fees • 避難 ‐> 피난 (hinan ‐> ppinan) = evacuate • 被害 ‐> 피해 (higai ‐> ppihae) = injury • 皮膚 ‐> 피부 (hifu ‐> ppibu) = skin • 飛行機 ‐> 비행기 (hikōki ‐> pihaenggi) = airplane
MORE OR LESS THE SAME These words are more or the same in both Japanese and Korean. • かばん(鞄) ‐> 가방 (kaban‐>kabang) = bag • 麒麟 ‐>기린 (kirin ‐> kirin) = giraffe • 三角 ‐> 삼각 (sankaku ‐> samkak) = a triangle • 準備 ‐> 준비 (jumbi‐>junbi) = preparation
• 到着 ‐> 도착 (tōchaku ‐> toccak) = arrive • 注意 ‐> 주의 (chūi‐>chueui) = careful • 無料 ‐> 무료 (muryō‐>muryo) = free • 無理 ‐> 무리 (muri ‐>muri) = impossible
• 料理 ‐> 요리 (ryōri ‐>yori) = food
DAYS OF THE WEEK The Korean weekdays are also based on the Chinese characters, and are thus quite easy to learn if you know Japanese. • 月曜日 ‐> 월요일 (getsuyōbi ‐> wolyoil) = Monday • 火曜日 ‐> 화요일 (kayōbi ‐> fwayoil) = Tuesday • 水曜日 ‐> 수요일 (suiyoubi ‐> suyoil) = Wednesday
• 木曜日 ‐> 목요일 (mokuoubi ‐> mokyoil) = Thursday • 金曜日 ‐> 금요일 (kinyōbi ‐> keumyoil) = Friday • 土曜日 ‐> 토요일 (doyōbi ‐> ttoyoil) = Saturday • 日曜日 ‐> 일요일 (nichiyōbi ‐> ilyoil) = Sunday Final Note: Kanji that begins with k/g usually have many possible readings in Korean, and often change to h. 例: 豪華 ‐> 호화 (gōka ‐> hohwa) = luxurious Kanji that begins with r often change this sound to n/y 例: 落下傘 ‐> 낙하산 (rakkasan ‐> nakhasan) = parachute 例: 例外‐>예외 (reigai ‐> yeue) = exception The hanja usually have only one possible reading in Korean, so if you know the reading of a hanja you can apply the same reading to all words where that hanja is used (with some exceptions, such as 論&理) Good luck with your studies!