JMSarchitecture +historic preservationJOSHUA MICHAEL STOWERSGRADUATE PORTFOLIO ARCHITECTURE + HISTORIC PRESERVATION
JMSJoshua Stowers is a graduate student at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. He is working on both a Master of Architecture and Master of Science in Historic Preservation, and anticipates graduating in December of 2014. Joshua graduated Magna Cum Laude from Ball State University with a Bachelor of Science, majoring in Architecture and minoring in Historic Preservation in 2012. This portfolio is a representation of his works from both undergraduate and graduate programs and across both the fields of architecture and historic preservation. He is looking for a career that will bridge the gap between the fields, and is deeply interesed the architectural reuse of historic buildings. Joshuas academic works include conceptual design, design, adaptive reuse projects, urban design plans, and national register nominations. Joshua has a love for details, and is facinated in the layers of components and customization buildings require.
JOSHUA MICHAEL STOWERSGRADUATE PORTFOLIO
ARCHITECTURE + HISTORIC PRESERVATION
For every house has a builder,
but the one who built everything is God.
-Hebrews 3:4
Joshua Michael StowersStudent Portfolio of Architecture + Historic Preservation | Ball State University | 2014
All works herein were done for undergraduate and graduate studies in architecture and historic preservation from Fall 2008 through Spring 2014.
J M SNulla Rosa Sine Spica
Contact: Joshua Michael Stowers
West Baden Springs Hotel: Preservation Case Study
CONTENTSUGUndergraduateGRGraduate
:: ARCHITECTURECOMPASS: The Julia Carson Community CenterIndianapolis, Indiana
The Wharf at Sulpher DellNashville, Tennessee
The National Truth and Reconciliation CommissionNew York City, New York
Hopkins ChapelBedford, Indiana
St. Croix Marine Research FacilitySalt River Bay, St. Croix
Aeronautical Disassembly and Research FacilityIndianapolis, Indiana
The Adolph Gottlieb Museum of Contemporary ArtMuncie, Indiana
:: HISTORIC PRESERVATIONMuncie Fire Station No.1 Adaptive Reuse StudyMuncie, Indiana
Elwood Public Library National Register NominationElwood, Indiana
34th Street at Illinois + Crown Hill CemeteryIndianapolis, Indiana
:: PROFESSIONAL WORKSArtekna DesignIndianapolis, Indiana
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JMSarchitecture +historic preservation:: ARCHITECTURE
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The Julia Carson Community Center is named after the second African-American voted into the U.S. Congress from the state of Indiana. Her efforts in community development and her affectionate love for helping others have left a lasting impression in the hearts of the citizens of Indianapolis. Located in her community, COMPASS will be the beginning of a new era for the neighborhood, helping to point it in the right direction. Placed into a struggling area district, the center will provide community shelter, after school tutoring and sports activities, counseling, a small library, job fairs, community clean-up efforts, and provide temporary housing units for struggling families. The overall design of the building reflects the historical character of the community and is similar massing to the structures around it. The roof of the building undulates in response to Fall Creek, located just to the south of the site. Carefully massed facades keep in scale with the housing across the street from the facility, and help to break-up the building into a visually appropriate scale. Large overhangs and adjustable shading devices help to mitigate solar gains while carefully crafted windows and monitors bring light into the interior. COMPASS will be a cornerstone investment opportunity for the community, and will establish social and economic ties with community leaders throughout the city to bring about reinvestment into the inner city, starting right here in this neighborhood.
COMPASS: THE JULIA CARSON COMMUNITY CENTER
1
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
UGStudio 302 - Spring 2011Professor Michele ChiuiniGresham-Smith Competition Honorable Mention
Site ConceptConcept Key:
1. Phase 1: Community Foundation
2. Phase 2: Health and Wellness
3. Phase 3: Temporary Housing Units
4. Existing Single Family Housing
5. Single Family Housing
South Elevation
Community
Prevailing Winds
Road Traffic
Urban Edge
Central Avenue
Fall
Cree
k Par
kway
29th Stre
et
Ruckle Street
N
1
2
3
4
5
LEED for Neighborhood Development
Project Goal: Silver Rating Main Focuses: Community Redevelopment Bioswale Water Retention Historic Setback Retained Housing Infrastructure Partially Retained Walkable and Shaded Streets Bike Friendly Compact Development Reduced Parking Footprint Bus Stop Access Heat Island Reduction/ Radiation Absorption Reduced Natural Lighting
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Fall Cre
ek Parkw
ay
Cent
ral A
venu
e
28th Street
29th Street
Ruck
le S
treet
Site
Site Key:
1. Temporary Housing Facility
2. Community Foundation Offices
3. Community Theater and Ball Room
4. Health and Wellness Facility
5. Activities Lawn
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2
3
4
5
North-South Section
Plan Key:
1. Senior Citizens Cafe
2. Community Foundation Library
3. Community Theater Lobby
4. Foundation Offices
5. Community Theater and Ball Room
6. Health and Wellness Atrium
7. Gymnasium and Performance Venue
8. Educational Facilities
9. Multipurpose Room
2
9
87
6
54
3
1
3
5
6
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First Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
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This Page: Health and Wellness Center atrium. Opposite Top: North East perspective. Opposite Center Left: Health and
Wellness Center entry. Opposite Center Middle: Gymnasium southeast perspective. Opposite Center Right: Sun Shading
Devices. Opposite Bottom: Model west elevation.
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Imagine cycling with a group of friends along the Music City Bikeway through Sulphur Dells urban, mixed-use neighborhood after celebrating a Sounds winning game. Park your bikes at one of many convenient bike racks and stroll along the Cumberland Riverfront, savoring the aroma of hotdogs, listening to live music and capturing spectacular views of the river. The new Sulphur Dell is an urban, mixed-use neighborhood that will build on the original industrial design and incorporate modern building typologies. Sulphur Dell is a sustainable live, work, play, and healthy eco-district. Bioswales and street trees are integrated into the street design. The Germantown character vibrates through Sulphur Dell, creating a ripple effect that will attract young professionals, new families and Sounds baseball fans who desire a community with innovate design, transit-oriented development, public green spaces and an accessible location near Nashvilles downtown. The communitys thriving culture creates connections, with a foundation of resiliency and a mission of healthy living. Sulphur Dell development involves investment from both the public and private sectors. Projections for Nashvilles office and housing markets are positive, and continued population growth is expected. New residents and visitors require amenities, employment, and infrastructure. The goals for the development are connections to other Nashville neighborhoods, physical and emotional health of the residents and visitors, and resilient design to sustain the community. To provide for the needs of the neighborhood, we propose a public/private partnership with the Metropolitan Government of Nashville-Davidson County for public spaces.
THE WHARF AT SULPHER DELL
2
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE
GR2014 ULI CompetitionErin Rosnik Cheria Caldwell Joshua Stowers Terrance Perdue Christopher Padgett
BioswaleDry Creek BedOpen Space
Existing BikewayProposed BikewayExisting Pedestrian PathProposed Pedestrian PathProposed Bike Share Station
Existing StreetProposed StreetProposed Parking GarageExisting Bus RouteExisting Bus StopProposed Bus StopProposed BRT RouteProposed BRT Stop
Site Boundary
Demolition
Rehabilitation
New Construction
Scale (ft)0 150 300 600
Parking GarageBus-Rapid Transit StopMusic City GreenwayCumberland River GreenwayPerspective
P
112
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3
5
6
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910
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P
P
P
P
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BRT
BRT
BRT
Sulpher Dell StadiumBicentennial MallThe Wharf at Sulpher DellTennessee State MuseumTennessee State LibraryMusic City Farmers MarketThe Lawn at the WharfState/County OfficesThe BoardwalkThe Arts Public Display AreaSulfur Dell Playground
Sulpher Dell Community CenterBallpark HotelStockyards RestaurantCommunity Works Center at the IronworksLive/Work CommunityMarket Plaza Center
MCG
CRG
CRG
P
BRT
MCG
CRG
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Open Space + Water Management PlanPedestrian + Bikeways PlanPublic Transportation Plan Figure Ground Plan
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Residential
Retail
Office
Special Use
Retail Ground Floor
Office Ground Floor
Parking Garage
RehabilitationParking
Community CenterHotel
Residential
RetailOffice
26,751 SF720 Spaces
0 SF0 SF
722,046 SF
50,239 SF309,867 SF
Phase 1 2016 - 2018
0 SF400 Spaces
48,189 SF141,832 SF
556,988 SF
26,191 SF227,394 SF
Phase 2 2019 - 2021
RehabilitationParking
Community CenterHotel
Residential
RetailOffice
0 SF640 Spaces
0 SF0 SF
1,223,039 SF
22,906 SF229,035 SF
Phase 3 2022 - 2025
RehabilitationParking
Community CenterHotel
Residential
RetailOffice
Building Use Plan
2011 ULI Hines Student Urban Design Competition Team Summary Board
1. Summary Pro FormaYear 0 Phase I Phase 2 Phase 3
2014-2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025Net Operating Income
Rental Housing - 1,743,426 3,662,082 3,828,315 3,999,536 7,394,468 10,161,857 13,148,917 16,402,840 17,090,109For-Sale Housing - - 29,405,793 30,287,967 - - 51,196,116 38,350,545 39,501,061 40,968,635
Work force Rental Housing - 336,600 346,698 357,099 367,812 378,846 390,212 401,918 413,976 426,395 Luxury For-Sale Housing - - 18,253,018 25,694,165 - - 37,663,876 21,160,251 21,795,058 22,448,910
- 474,438 803,931 1,045,095 1,251,171 1,536,591 1,973,575 2,233,559 2,414,050 2,492,678 - 528,644 866,821 918,466 945,692 1,439,492 1,482,122 1,726,908 2,041,990 2,102,383 - - - - 5,688,688 5,854,515 6,025,175 6,200,811 6,381,566 6,567,590 - 2,681,226 2,761,663 2,844,513 2,929,848 3,017,744 3,108,276 5,759,011 5,931,781 6,109,734 - - - - - - - - 1,504,174 1,549,300 - 5,764,335 56,100,005 64,975,620 15,182,747 19,621,655 112,001,209 88,981,919 96,386,496 99,755,734
Land Acquisition Costs2,080,073 1,770,753 - - 5,434,000 7,837,500 - - 13,336,290
Development CostsDemolition and remediation 335,056 240,271 82,046 243,798 394,995 603,864 293,458 366,561 237,674
Rental Housing 14,458,248 17,392,078 - - 29,743,081 22,491,979 23,382,819 24,682,398 - - For-Sale Housing 20,291,824 36,332,586 - - 41,779,223 31,296,436 32,235,330 33,432,962 - -
Work force Rental Housing 4,815,250 5,797,000 - - 9,090,750 6,455,750 6,455,750 6,455,750 - - Luxury For-Sale Housing 8,335,839 13,421,833 - - 19,674,438 22,034,102 11,385,061 11,726,613 12,481,025 -
23,353,478 17,960,358 12,244,662 9,763,429 13,858,982 21,874,513 11,026,557 6,054,832 - - 3,899,333 2,776,248 223,353 - 4,013,801 - 1,732,671 2,277,501 - -
- 945,367 20,087,928 21,751,523 - - - - - - Market - - - - - 2,841,844 - - - -
Community Center - - - 7,593,200 - - - - - - 91,855 75,579 97,449 - - 85,064 224,616 - - -
- - - - - - 362,337 145,577 - - Historic Properties Rehabilitation 600,000 - - 250,000 - - - - - -
13,314,183 13,433,969 2,892,165 3,405,122 17,730,946 13,378,090 12,531,451 12,583,274 4,534,947 - 89,495,067 108,375,289 35,627,604 43,007,072 136,286,217 121,061,643 99,630,050 97,725,467 17,253,645 -
Annual Cash Flow- 5,764,335 56,100,005 64,975,620 15,182,747 19,621,655 112,001,209 88,981,919 96,386,496 99,755,734
Total Asset Value 1,425,081,91171,254,096
Total Land Acquisition Costs 2,080,073 1,770,753 - - 5,434,000 7,837,500 - - 13,336,290 - 89,495,067 108,375,289 35,627,604 43,007,072 136,286,217 121,061,643 99,630,050 97,725,467 17,253,645 -
Total Public Sources 26,766,340 27,548,730 28,698,306 29,226,448 30,103,241 31,106,338 31,936,528 32,894,624 33,881,463 34,897,907Repay Commercial Loan 6%, 20 yr amort. 518,383,318
Net Cash Flow (64,808,800) (76,832,977) 49,170,707 51,194,996 (96,434,229) (78,171,150) 44,307,687 24,151,076 99,678,023 970,098,138 Debt Service $0 ($11,213,306) ($12,596,863) ($14,320,208) ($21,232,017) ($26,889,358) ($31,011,571) ($34,792,245) ($33,798,333) ($31,882,983)Net Cash Flow after Debt 704,616,589 (64,808,800) (88,046,282) 36,573,845 36,874,788 (117,666,246) (105,060,508) 13,296,116 (10,641,168) 65,879,690 938,215,156Net Present Value 526,934,549 Loan to Value Ratio (LVR) 73%Unleveraged IRR Before Taxes 21% 20,205,000Leveraged IRR Before Taxes 29% Projected Site Value- Both Parcels (end of Year 10) 1,425,081,911
Year-by-Year Cumulative AbsorptionTotal Buildout 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Project Buildout by Development UnitsRental Housing 876 - 126 127 - - 195 142 142 144 -
For-Sale Housing 887 - 128 128 - - 198 144 144 145 - Work force Rental Housing 304 - 44 44 - - 69 49 49 49 -
Luxury For-Sale Housing 247 - 30 41 - - 55 30 30 30 31 359 - - - 179 180 - - - - - 1 - 343 274 343 - - 274 274 - - 1 - - - - - - - 442 442 -
Project Buildout by AreaRental Housing 722,900 - 103,979 104,804 - - 160,920 117,182 117,182 118,833 -
For-Sale Housing 1,041,600 - 150,310 150,310 - - 232,510 169,099 169,099 170,273 - Work force Rental Housing 258,400 - 37,400 74,800 74,800 74,800 133,450 175,100 216,750 258,400 258,400
Luxury For-Sale Housing 479,200 - 58,202 79,543 - - 106,704 58,202 58,202 58,202 60,143 766,297 - 188,944 120,924 80,040 61,962 85,392 130,854 64,040 34,141 - 99,336 - 31,548 18,692 1,460 - 24,731 - 10,063 12,842 -
141,805 - - - 70,705 71,100 - - - - - Market - - - - - - 17,000 - - -
Community Center - - - - 48,189 - - - - - 17,000 - 5,831,000 4,658,000 5,831,000 - - 4,658,000 4,658,000 - - 48,189 - - - - - - - 21,299,538 21,299,538 -
3,574,727 - 6,401,383 5,207,073 6,058,005 256,051 743,707 5,325,437 26,592,874 21,952,229 318,543
Rental HousingFor-Sale Housing Phase I 81,724,286
Work force Rental Housing Phase IILuxury For-Sale Housing 680,000 Phase III
Infrastructur RoadsUtilities TOTAL PROJECT COSTS
LandscapingTotal Infrastructure Costs Additional UnderwritingTotal Development Costs 20,205,000
50,000,000Farmers Market Capital Development Grant Program $100,000
Historic Rehabilitation + New Market Tax Credits 323,114Tennessee Historical Commission Grant 20,000
TOTAL PROJECT COSTS AFTER ADDIT. UNDERWRITING 663,731,173
Current Site Value- All Parcels (start of Year 0)
734,379,287
Public Private
Site Value93,804,148
411,111
195,230,706
12,649,769
507,914
Tax Increment Financing
Phase III Loan
71,682,023
102,700 42,784,817Phase I Loan 151,773,674
139,495,956
734,379,28718,760,830
Retail
Structured Parking 574,564Phase II Loan
120 14,922,907Financing Sources (total)Hotel
Surface Parking
75,113,207120 116,136,811
99,058,911120,833 39,070,250 105,124,226
Office/Commercial
Market-rate 117,500 132,150,603 Equity Sources (total)259,333 195,368,361
3. Unit Development and Infrastructure Costs 4. Equity and Financing SourcesDevelopment Costs Unit Cost Total Costs Amount
Office/CommercialMarket-rate Retail
Hotel
Structured ParkingSurface Parking
Total
Surface Parking
Market-rate
Hotel
Structured ParkingSurface Parking
Total Infrastructure & Indirect CostsTotal Development Costs
Hotel
Total Net Operating Income
Market-rate
Office/CommercialRetail
Structured Parking
Market-rate
Market-rate
Office/Commercial RetailHotel
Structured Parking
2. Multiyear Development Program
Total Development Costs
Total Costs of Sale
Net Operating Income
Surface Parking
Team 148009THE WHARF at Sulphur Del lConnect ion + Res i l iency + Hea l thy L iv ing
Resident ia l
Retai l
Of f ice
Specia l Use
Park ing Structure
BUILDING USE KEY:
Jackson Street Corridoor
Financial Pro Forma
1
2
3
1
2
3
Projected Value
$1,425,081,911
Current Value
$20,205,000Site Value
Equity
$261,961,719
Public Sector
$50,353,114
Loan Financing
$486,500,336
Financing
17
From within or from behind,
a light shines through us upon things,
and makes us aware that we are nothing,
but the light is all.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
18
Remember 9/11 and how we all felt that horrible day? 2,977 people lost their lives from the horrible events of that day. And so, as a memorial to those who died, the Truth and National Reconciliation Commission will stand as a center for peace and place for people to settle their differences. Constructed on the site of the World Trade Center, the building will be covered in 2,977 windows, one for each life lost, so that the memory of the light of their lives lost will shine on New York in the honor. The simplicity of the design is meant to not clutter the mind but allow the occupants a greater chance for reflection. The suken entrance to the building is suppose to bring awareness to ones position in life, and be a humbling experience. As both a memorial and a center for justice, the building will provide New York City the opportunity to invite people and cultures to come and settle their differences in hopes that the events of 9/11 will never be repeated.
THE NATIONAL TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION
COMMISSION
3
NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK
UG Studio 301 - Fall 2010Professor Olon Dotson
New York City Hall
St. Pauls
WTC Tower 7
WTC Tower 3
Truth & Reconciliation Site
WTC Transportation Hub
One World Trade Center
WTC Memorial
World Financial Center
WTC Tower 4
WTC Tower 2
Trinity Church
Federal Hall
Wall Street
Natl Mus. of the Am-Indian
Battery Park | Fort Clinton
Lower Manhattan Important
Site Connections
Site Model1 = 10 Scale ModelPerspective from World Trade Center transportation hub
1 WINDOW FOR EVERY LOST SOUL ON SEPTEMBER 11TH.
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South Elevation with Context South Elevation
Sunken entry
Square Fountain
WaterFall Garden
dancinG FountainS
reconciliation rooF level GardenS
n
Process Sketches
Site Plan
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Opposite Top: North-South section. Opposite Left: Reconciliation Hall. Opposite Middle: Performing Arts Theater. Opposite Right: Multipurpose Room. Right Top: South aerial of the site including
One World Trade Center (left) and World Trade Center 7 (top). Right Middle: Northwest perspective. Right Bottom: Garden
perspective as seen from One World Trade Center east entrance.
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Hopkins Chapel is a place of retreat and contemplation. The facility focuses on a minimalistic design, and is composed of earthy and natural materials. The limestone walls are leftover stone from the old Indiana Limestone Company quarry, in which the chapel is located. The surface of the limestone has been sanded to a smooth matte finish with no grout lines to reflect the walls of the quarry, and make up the entire width of the wall so the stone you see on the exterior is the same piece as the interior. Throughout the building is a glazing system built of horizontal layers of structural glass. Finished also with a smooth matte finish, the glazings horizontally expresses the buildings relationship with the earth, and will help to spread defuse light throughout the interior. A smooth flagstone-type flooring extends throughout the landscape and interior of the building. Inside, the chapel has been left intentionally unfurnished except for a natural wood bench and coat hanger recessed on each side of the entry. The interior walls are made of horizontal naturally finished wood harvested from the site during construction. The ceiling of the facility is also naturally finished boards with a reveal between each board. This reveal is where lights, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and the HVAC systems are hidden from the main surface of the ceiling. Located in the center of the chapel is a skylight, the only source of direct light in the room. The design of the skylight has drawn back its edges, so no matter how it is viewed, the edge of the glass can never been seen, giving the impression of an open sky. The roof overhangs the building significantly, and is finished with a brushed cool gray metal soffit that represents the earthiness from whence it came. The roof of the building collects rainwater and spectacularly ejects it from the roof and down into the quarry shaft adjacent to the facility.
HOPKINS CHAPEL
4
BEDFORD, INDIANA
GR Studio 501 - Spring 2013Professor Joshua Coggeshall
FINISH FLOOR0' - 0"
03A5.01
04A5.01
06A5.01
05A5.01
TOP OF PARAPET18' - 9"
SOFFIT14' - 9"
234 1
FINISH FLOOR0' - 0"
03A5.01
04A5.01
06A5.01
05A5.01
TOP OF PARAPET18' - 9"
SOFFIT14' - 9"
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FINISH FLOOR0' - 0"
01A5.01
02A5.01
TOP OF PARAPET18' - 9"
SOFFIT14' - 9"
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FINISH FLOOR0' - 0"
01A5.01
02A5.01
TOP OF PARAPET18' - 9"
SOFFIT14' - 9"
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01A5.01
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TOP OF PARAPET18' - 9"
SOFFIT14' - 9"
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A4.01ELEVATIONS
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"03 EAST ELEVATION
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"04 WEST ELEVATION
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"01 SOUTH ELEVATION
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"02 NORTH ELEVATION
SPECIFIC ELEVATION NOTES:1. SCUPPER, MATCH MATERIAL AND COLOR OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM
FACIA. REFER TO "DETAIL O" ON A6.03-02 FOR MORE INFORMATION.
2. ANODIZED ALUMINUM FACIA/PARAPET.
3. LIMESTONE, FINISH GROUT LINES TO MATCH COLOR AND TEXTUREOF LIMESTONE AND FINISH SMOOTH WITH LIMESTONE SURFACE.GROUT LINES SHALL BE A MINIMAL AS POSSIBLE.
4. 1"x6" HORIZONTAL WOOD BOARD FINISH.
5. STRUCTURAL LAMINATED GLAZING SYSTEM, REFER TOMAUFACTURER FOR MORE INFORMATION.
6. EXPOSED STRUCTURAL STEEL TUBE COLUMN, PAINT TO FIRE RATE 1HOUR MINIMUM, MATCH COLOR OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM PARAPET.
7. EXISTING QUARRY SHAFT WALL. REINFORCE WHERE REQUIRED,REFER TO CIVIL ENGINEER.
8. EPDM ROOFING, REFER TO A3.01 FOR MORE INFORMATION.
9. LIMESTONE LINTEL, ONE PEICE, PROJECT 1/2" FROM WALL. REFER TOWALL SECTIONS AND DETAILS FOR MORE INFORMATION.
7
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Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"5 ENTRY ELEVATION
81 2
5
3 3
9
West Elevation
Site + Building Plan
Section Perspective
Entry
Chapel
Coat Storage Coat Storage
Hall
Mechanical
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FINISH FLOOR0' - 0"
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A4.01ELEVATIONS
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"03 EAST ELEVATION
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"04 WEST ELEVATION
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"01 SOUTH ELEVATION
Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"02 NORTH ELEVATION
SPECIFIC ELEVATION NOTES:1. SCUPPER, MATCH MATERIAL AND COLOR OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM
FACIA. REFER TO "DETAIL O" ON A6.03-02 FOR MORE INFORMATION.
2. ANODIZED ALUMINUM FACIA/PARAPET.
3. LIMESTONE, FINISH GROUT LINES TO MATCH COLOR AND TEXTUREOF LIMESTONE AND FINISH SMOOTH WITH LIMESTONE SURFACE.GROUT LINES SHALL BE A MINIMAL AS POSSIBLE.
4. 1"x6" HORIZONTAL WOOD BOARD FINISH.
5. STRUCTURAL LAMINATED GLAZING SYSTEM, REFER TOMAUFACTURER FOR MORE INFORMATION.
6. EXPOSED STRUCTURAL STEEL TUBE COLUMN, PAINT TO FIRE RATE 1HOUR MINIMUM, MATCH COLOR OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM PARAPET.
7. EXISTING QUARRY SHAFT WALL. REINFORCE WHERE REQUIRED,REFER TO CIVIL ENGINEER.
8. EPDM ROOFING, REFER TO A3.01 FOR MORE INFORMATION.
9. LIMESTONE LINTEL, ONE PEICE, PROJECT 1/2" FROM WALL. REFER TOWALL SECTIONS AND DETAILS FOR MORE INFORMATION.
7
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Scale: 1/8" = 1'-0"5 ENTRY ELEVATION
81 2
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27
28
The St. Croix Marine Ecological Research Center is focused around outdoor activities and research. The facility is the hub of research and academic activities, where science and the classroom can meet. The center of the site is a swimming pier where research and leisure coexist in one space. From there, buildings radiate outward to catch daylight and breezes. The entire facility is designed as an energy harvester from wind turbines to solar pv panels and solar hot water systems. A living machine will recycle gray water and reduce the overall demand while the roof of each building collects rain water. The main lab is centered around a courtyard where easy access to the dock gives ample opportunity for research, leisure, and community outreach activities. Housing is located adjacent to the community, allowing students and faculty to engage in the local culture. As both a research and educational facility, the campus provides quality working space and a great cultural experience. The facility will not only be a display of sustainable practices, but also focuses on sustainable research opportunities. Fresh water for the aquariums is collected on-site, and the facility has the capability of producing its own salt water. Extensive filtration and quality control monitors will ensure that any discharge water is of equal acidity and salt content to minimize the impact it has on the local bay.
ST. CROIX MARINE RESEARCH CENTER
5
SALT RIVER BAY, ST. CROIX
UGStudio 401 - Fall 2011Professor Bob FisherCRIPE Competition Finalist
Perspective from Bay
Preliminary Sketches Campus Plan Salt River Bay
Atlantic Ocean
Archeological Preserve
Nature Reserve
Community
Wind Turbines
Water TankLaboratoryWater Recycling
Dinning Hall
Housing
Dock
St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Salt River Bay Marine
Research Center
30
Laboratory Detail Axonometric 10 Exterior Corridor
36 Base Cabinets
Task Surface
Upper Storage Cabinets
Storage Shelves
Shower Drain
Medical Cabinet
Research Task Surface
Fire Extinguisher
Fume Hood
Central Research Center
Variable Temperature Storage
Recycling and Trash
Operable Windows
Research Desk
Corridor Aquarium
Laboratory Building Section Diagram
Natural
Ventilation
PV Panels
Solar Water Heater
Rain Collection
Optional Mechanical
ChaseDeep Overhangs
Concrete Frame
Recycled Wood
Truss
31
Left: Outdoor Corridor. Below: Section. Opposite: Model.
32
33
34
AERONAUTICAL DISASSEMBLY AND RESEARCH FACILITY
6
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
GR Studio 601 - Fall 2013Professor Harry Eggink
Have you ever wondered what happens to a retired aircraft? Especially the commercial airliners? Well, many end up in the desert, useless and abandoned. But why? Few facilities exist to disassemble an aircraft, but those that do rip and shred the airplane into useless chunks of scrap material. Why not recycle parts just the way they are? Commercial airliners are assembled similarly to cars, right on an assembly line, albeit, a slightly bigger one. With all their pre-made component technologies integrated into the construction of an aircraft, why not simply reverse-construct the plane? The Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association has already set goals and standards for aircraft disassembly, but why not go further? In business, money is everything, and an aircrafts scrap value alone does not justify the cost of cutting it apart. So how does one overcome this? By producing an environment that encourages the creative reuse of airplane parts and materials for manufacturing products and incorporating them into architectural design, decommissioned aircraft would have enough value to economically justify their disassembly. A zero-waste disassembly plant would provide refurbished airworthy parts back to airlines, provide raw materials for an on-site manufacturing facility, and ensure everything is recycled. Also, an education, training, and research facility would incubate entrepreneurs, provide a platform of opportunity to researchers, and be the center of the discussion for spearheading efforts of sustainability after the useful life of aircraft. By establishing and added value to the process, this facility makes possible the tools, space, and leadership needed to create and establish new uses for aerospace technologies. The aim of this facility is to be a platform where all the other projects in this book become possible, by providing the opportunity and means for their construction.
By carefully disassembling commercial aircraft, airlines can recuperate a larger return on their investments. Abandoned aircraft in the desert earn nobody anything, but a plane that is disassembled brings value to its material by recycling, reusing, and re-purposing all of its technologies and parts.
By using a similar process to the construction of airplanes, the disassembly process breaks down the aircraft in stages, allowing multiple planes to be in the disassembly process and allowing certain parts more time to be processed. After defueling and detoxifying the plane outside, planes are brought into staging, where the tail section, wings, and fuselage are all disassembled and processed separately. Each of these areas contain adaptable Kinex type frameworks that can be easily and quickly reconfigured to accept any airframe.
Besides the disassembly process, adjoining spaces along the exterior of the hanger provide adequate space for inspecting and inventorying reusable parts that can be used to repair the active air fleet.
Opposite Top: Disassembly bay. Opposite Left: Disassembly bay work space. Opposite Center Left: Engine removal process. Opposite Center Right: Tail disassembly station. Opposite Right: Fuselage disassembly station.
HOW
VALUE
The Core of Design Thinking and Its Application (Kees Dorst, 2011)
THE CHALLENGE:
To understand the complex and sometimes puzzling field of design practices we have to realize that they have been developed in response to a particular need.
Using Dorsts theory on the process of design thinking, we can establish a set of guidelines for establishing a business model for the disassembly and reuse of aeronautical technologies. The argument can be framed with Dorsts equation What plus How leads to Value. If we establish a new industry standard for complete zero-waste recycling of aircraft as the value, we can use the working principles of maximizing, characterizing, capitalizing, education, researching, and the recycling of aeronautical technologies to achieve added value to the disassembly process, making it benefit both the environment and the airlines bottom line. Understanding what the frame of references are, these principles become the guiding programmatic process that leads us to the facility.
MAXIMIZE*
value of recovered materials
CHARACTERIZE*
unused materials as feedstock to industries
CAPITALIZE*
opportunities for reusing aerospace
technologies
EDUCATE
the public and airlines about the value in reusing
airplanes
RESEARCH
innovative opportunities for
reusing aircraft parts and materials
RECYCLE
100% recovered materials
*Airplane Recycling Efforts Benefit Boeing Operations (Carberry, 2008)
5% Landfill25% Energy Harvesting
45% High-Grade Industrial
10% Aerospace
15% Low-Grade Industrial
3% Energy Harvesting25% Recycling
45% High-Grade Industrial
10% Aerospace
12% Low-Grade Industrial
CURRENT INDUSTRY STANDARDS*
NEW INDUSTRY STANDARDS AS PROPOSEDA Zero-Waste Facility
WHAT
(THING)
HOW
(WORKING PRINCIPLE)
VALUE
(ASPIRED)leads to+
FRAME
WORKING PRINCIPLES
WHAT
36
37
INDIANAPOLIS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTOn the site of the old Indianapolis Airport Terminal, the facility has easy access to existing airport facilities and is an innovative reuse of a vacant site.
INTERSTATE 465Existing infrastructure makes for easy access to I-465, the main interstate surrounding Indianapolis with quick access to I-70, I-69, & I-65 thoroughfares, major routes for shipping products.
RAILROAD CORRIDOREasy access to an existing railroad corridor makes shipping parts and material easy.
EXTERIOR RESEARCH AREAAn exterior research area adjacent to the Research Bay makes outdoor testing of modules quick and easy, as well as provides a display space to showcase projects off to people on the interstate.
DE-FUELING & DETOXExterior de-fueling and detoxification of aircraft outside allows for planes to be prepared prior to disassembly, reducing chemical exposure in the facility.
FUTURE MANUFACTURINGThe size of the site means there is plenty of space for expansion of manufacturing facilities adjacent to the plant.
CHEMICAL WASTE TREATMENTThis facility treats all the chemical waste from the disassembly process.
Section
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANAAt the heart of Indiana, Indianapolis is a perfect location for a disassembly facility. Not only does the city have a convient location, but also a stong skilled labor force. Being centrally located in the Midwest, this facility could easily manage the disassembly process for the eastern United States.
Indianapolis International Airport Site
Building section. Engine refurbish (left), Disassembly bay (center), and Manufacturing bay (right).
1st Floor
2nd Floor
3rd Floor
4th Floor
5th Floor
Disassembly bay
Manufacturing Bay
Manufacturing Bay
Engine Refurbish
Engine Refurbish
Engine Refurbish
Engine Refurbish
Manufacturing Bay
Recycling Center
Recycling Center
Research Bay
Offices
Offices
Offices
Parts Storage
Parts Storage
Parts Storage
Offices
Offices
FLOOR PLAN SCHEMATICS
38
Disassembly Bay
Projects represented: Tyner (left) Musial (middle and top center) Cochran (bottom center) Potash (right)
The most exciting component to the facility is the research bay, where engineers, designers, and professionals can come to experiment with re-purposing aircraft technologies. This bay is separated from the disassembly area by glass offices and a large set of doors, so ideas and parts can move quickly from one side to the other. Here, projects can be constructed in a controlled environment and then moved outside for environmental testing. Along with building experimental projects, an office complex provides space for a small library, conference rooms, a cafe, lockers and showers for employees, and classrooms for educational and training programs.
Offices
Offices
Offices
Offices
Offices
39
40
The Adolph Gottlieb Museum of Contemporary Art provides Ball State University with its second art museum and is a cornerstone for reconnecting campus with the neighborhood around it. Designed as if the architect was painter Gottlieb himself, the building attempts to reflect the simplicity and organization of many of his later works. Situated on Ball States campus, its design is constrained in following the policies for new campus buildings, the material palette was limited to limestone and brick, but uses those materials in a way like no other structure on campus. The ground floor houses the administration, back of house areas, gift shop, multipurpose space, and a cafe on the corner with glass wall that open to connect the functions of the interior with the busy street corner. The gallery on the second floor houses many of Gottliebs work along with several galleries for traveling artwork. Located on the edge of campus and the village community, a fast growing district of college activities. The museum not only services campus activities, but is Ball States focus facility for extending university resources to the local community beyond the typical university setting. Programmatically, the facility serves as a community gathering place, and a endowment fund has established a community partnership lecture series that will be used as a platform for speaking about inequalities in this world, and promotes local community activism and involvement.
THE ADOLPH GOTTLIEB MUSEUM OF
CONTEMPORARY ART
7
MUNCIE, INDIANA
UGStudio 401 - Fall 2011Professor Bob FisherA Rose-Hulman Senior Project Partner
Top: Tangent, 1960
Middle: Primeval, 1961
Bottom: Roling, 1961
Adolph Gottlieb 1903 - 1974
Second Floor
Aerial
First Floor
Gallery
Lobby
MechanicalGallery
Multipurpose
Room
Gift
Store
Lobby
Loading
Dock
Sculpture
Cafe
KitchenAdministration
42
North-South Section
West Elevation
East-West Section
North Elevation
43
Construction Documents for Rose-Hulman Project Opposite Top: Atrium. Opposite Bottom: Perspective from the Village
44
46
JMSarchitecture +historic preservation:: HISTORIC PRESERVATION
48
The Muncie Fire Station No. 1 Adaptive ReUse Study is a project dedicated to the task of analyzing and controlling the parameters of an adaptive reuse project. The fire station was Muncies first independent building dedicated to the fire department, and was completed in 1913. The station sat directly next to the rail road line that ran down the middle of Madison Avenue until the tracks were removed in 1952. The building remained intact with much of its original fabric until the 1960s, when renovations gutted the interior and added to the side and rear of the facility This proposed adaptive reuse design removes part of those additions, and adds a second floor on the south addition, all while rehabilitating the original fire station. Work includes reconstruction of the bifold bay doors, a faithful reconstruction of the missing tower, complete restoration of the cornice and masonry, and of course, the best interpretive replacement windows to try and match the historical intent of their design. The first floor of the building is be reconfigured for a restaurant: kitchen in the addition at the rear, and an open dining room in the vehicle storage bay, which allows visitors to enjoy the open space of the original plan. The second floor of the building is to house five apartments. The project sits between historic downtown and the historic east side of Muncie, and hopes to be a cornerstone project for neighborhood redevelopment. This project was divided over several courses and includes design development and cost estimating in both preservation classes while I chose to continue the project with the construction document phase for presenting as part of skills learned in my internship experience, of which I have included a small sample from.
MUNCIE FIRE STATION NO. 1 ADAPTIVE REUSE STUDY
8
MUNCIE, INDIANA
GRHistoric Preservation Economics + Historic Preservation Technology II + Architecture Internship ProjectCynthia Brubaker + Duncan Campbell + Dan Woodfin
Early 20th Century Photograph, Copyright Ball State University
Photographs prior to additions, Copyright Ball State University
Corner of Madison and Jackson Proposal
The Muncie Fire Station No. 1 has stood as beacon of community pride and safety for over 100 years in the city of Muncie. Constructed in 1913, the fire station was built to serve the growing needs of the area. Located on the east boundary of downtown, the site has central access to both the downtown and east side neighborhood districts and was the first independent building to be dedicated to the Fire Department.
The building has gone through many renovations throughout its existence. In 1958, renovation plans detail the installation of a new
concrete floor and stairs, and evidence suggests that the upper half of the hose tower had already been removed by that time. Further renovations carried out in the late 1960s and early 1970s would strip the building of all original windows, doors, interior walls, and most of the remaining fabric. Many changes, including furring out the interior side of all exterior walls on the second floor, the inclusion of several rest room facilities, and several additions to both the north and south elevations of the building.
The station last saw active duty in 2009, when the mayor, in an effort to reduce the city budget, closed the station citing its age, lack of space, and structural deficiencies as a few reasons for the decision. Efforts immediately rang out from the community to save the structure from the wrecking ball, and the city soon decided to lightly refurbish the facility into a training facility. Today, the structure is under utilized and often sits empty. As the city is continually adjusting its budget, the city and community are currently looking into further long-term solutions for protecting this landmark.
History
50
Proposed View from the Southeast on Madison Street
E-001A North Facade Main facade of structure, faces Jackson StreetE-001B North Facade The three truck bays, 12 high garage-type doorsE-002 North Facade Corner cornice and trim detail, note rusting on cornice aligns with discoloration on limestone detailingE-003 North Facade Main facade, note limestone discolorations in trim and in the decorative parapet; name of firestation deeply discolored and difficult to readE-004 North Facade Truck garage door bay, typicalE-005A North Facade Limestone trim between bays, typicalE-005B North Facade North-west cornice, rusting and pealing paint; unknown material, appears to be either wood or metal (possibly aluminum or tin) or an amalgam of both materialsE-005C North Facade Central bay light, typical, located in the same position of original gas lightsE-006 North Facade Main building entrance, western additionE-007A North Facade Brick retaining wall, cracked, lose, and brokenE-007B North Facade Water hook-up, foggy windowE-008A North Facade North-west corner limestone base, mortar repair, missing and lose mortar, discoloration of limestoneE-008B North Facade At least three types of mortar can be seenE-009A North Facade Ballard on truck bay, typical; note damage also typicalE-009B North Facade Garage door bay jamb, note ghosting of previous jamb and damage to existing
3MUNCIE FIRESTATION No 1.
PHOTOGRAPH LOG
Section Description: The purpose of this section is to organize and elaborate on the photographs taken in accordance with the existing building conditions. Photographs may be located in the next section of this document. A photograph location sheet is attached in Ap pendix A.
Key: E-XXX Exterior Photographs 0-XXX Basement Level Photographs 1-XXX First Floor Photographs 2-XXX Second Floor Photographs R-XXX Roof Level Photographs
No. Location Notes
26 MUNCIE FIRESTATION No 1.
E-0
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72 MUNCIE FIRESTATION No 1.
1-0
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51
cSi diviSion eStimateS
01 General Conditions02 Site Work & Demolition03 Concrete04 Masonry05 Metals06 Woods & Plastics07 Thermal & Moisture Protection08 Windows & Doors09 Finishes10 Specialties11 Equipment12 Furnishings13 Special Construction14 Conveying Devices15 Mechanical & Plumbing16 Electrical
Total
Cost Estimate Analysis
$188,423$132,024
$731$264,931$96,246$60,033$50,754$99,687
$161,560$81,900$31,640$70,400
$0$0
$81,740$75,106
$1,395,176eStimated BudGet
Site AcquisitionCSI DIvision TotalArchitect Fee (7%)Historic Preservation ConsultantDesign Contingency (10%)Staff Manager (18 months)Insurance (18 months)Construction Utilities (18 months)
Total
$600,000$1,395,176
$97,662$10,000
$139,518$32,000$21,000$5,000
$2,300,356FinancinG
Principal Owner InvestmentRestaurant Owner InvestmentMuncie Facade Grant Program
Initial Total Investment
$500,000$200,000$30,000
$730,000loanS
MortgageAnnual PaymentInterest RateYears
$1,570,356$101,160
5.00%30
inveStment return
Net Operating Income /yearTotal Depreciable Value /year
Tax Shelter Potential (23% Bracket)Historic Tax Credit Potential
$74,267$109,267
$30,872$458,405 Proposed View from Jackson Street
MUN
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Professor: Duncan CampbellClass: H.P. Econimics
Joshua Stowers
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Ball State Universityand PlanningCollege of Architecture
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Joshua Stowers
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
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Ball State Universityand PlanningCollege of Architecture
Christopher Eberhardt444-01
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C
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201
2 BY
BAL
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Professor: Duncan CampbellClass: H.P. Econimics
Joshua Stowers
Location:
Drawn by:Project #:
Ball State Universityand PlanningCollege of Architecture
Janette Amstutz449-02
Professor: Cynthia BrubakerClass: H.P. Tech II
Joshua Stowers
STOW
ERS
COLL
EGE
OF A
RCHI
TECT
URE
AND
PLAN
NING
BALL
STA
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NIVE
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TAM
STUT
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RODU
CTPRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Existing North Elevation
Proposed North Elevation
53
CHRI
STOP
HER
EBER
HARD
TLA
NDSC
APE
ARCH
ITEC
TURE
& H
ISTO
RIC
PRES
ERVA
TION
MUN
CIE
FIRE
STA
TION
No.
1
421
EAST
JAC
KSON
STR
EET
ARCH
ITEC
TURE
& H
ISTO
RIC
PRES
ERVA
TION
20 A
UGUS
T 20
12
ADAP
TIVE
REU
SE S
TUDY
JOSH
UA M
ICHA
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TOW
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INDE
X OF
DRA
WIN
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TRUC
TION
DOC
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T SE
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MUN
CIE,
INDI
ANA
4730
5
MUN
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FIRE
STA
TION
No.
1
JANE
TTE
AMST
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HIST
ORIC
PRE
SERV
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CODE
/BUI
LDIN
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23 A
PRIL
201
2
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ARCH
201
2
DAN
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DIR
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LOGY
II
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r:Da
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inCl
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MUN
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INDI
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4730
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AND THE
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
CHRISTOPHER EBERHARDTLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & HISTORIC PRESERVATION
MUNCIE FIRE STATION No. 1
421 EAST JACKSON STREET
ARCHITECTURE & HISTORIC PRESERVATION
20 AUGUST 2012
ADAPTIVE REUSE STUDY
JOSHUA MICHAEL STOWERS
INDEX OF DRAWINGS
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT SET
MUNCIE, INDIANA 47305
MUNCIE FIRE STATION No. 1
JANETTE AMSTUTZHISTORIC PRESERVATION
CODE/BUILDING SIZE
23 APRIL 2012
20 MARCH 2012
DAN WOODFINARCHITECTURAL INTERNSHIP DIRECTOR
HISTORIC PRESERVATION ECONOMICSDUNCAN CAMPBELL
CYNTHIA BRUBAKERHISTORIC PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY II
Ball State UniversityMuncie, [email protected]
Graduate Student of Architecture
Joshua Michael StowersNOT DRAWN NOR
APPROVED BY A
LICENSED ARCHITECT
J M SNulla Rosa Sine Spica
Graduate Student of Historic Preservation
COPYRIGHT NOTICE:THIS DRAWING AND ALL INFORMATION ON IT IS THEPROPERTY OF BALL STATE UNIVERSITY. IT ISCONFIDENTIAL AND ITS SUBMISSION OR DISTRIBUTIONTO MEET CLASSROOM REQUIREMENTS OR FOR OTHERPURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PROJECT.
COPYRIGHT 2012 BY BALL STATE UNIVERSITY- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Location:
Drawn by:Project #:
Ball State Universityand PlanningCollege of Architecture
Joshua Stowers555-01
Professor: Dan WoodfinClass: Architectural Internship
MUNCIE, INDIANA 47305
AND THEREFORE
NOT LEGAL BINDING
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRO
DU
CED
BY
AN
AU
TOD
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UC
ATI
ON
AL
PRO
DU
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRO
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BY A
N A
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DESK
EDU
CA
TION
AL PR
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UC
T
CHRISTOPHER EBERHARDTLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & HISTORIC PRESERVATION
MUNCIE FIRE STATION No. 1
421 EAST JACKSON STREET
ARCHITECTURE & HISTORIC PRESERVATION
20 AUGUST 2012
ADAPTIVE REUSE STUDY
JOSHUA MICHAEL STOWERS
INDEX OF DRAWINGS
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT SET
MUNCIE, INDIANA 47305
MUNCIE FIRE STATION No. 1
JANETTE AMSTUTZHISTORIC PRESERVATION
CODE/BUILDING SIZE
23 APRIL 2012
20 MARCH 2012
DAN WOODFINARCHITECTURAL INTERNSHIP DIRECTOR
HISTORIC PRESERVATION ECONOMICSDUNCAN CAMPBELL
CYNTHIA BRUBAKERHISTORIC PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY II
Ball State UniversityMuncie, [email protected]
Graduate Student of Architecture
Joshua Michael StowersNOT DRAWN NOR
APPROVED BY A
LICENSED ARCHITECT
J M SNulla Rosa Sine Spica
Graduate Student of Historic Preservation
COPYRIGHT NOTICE:THIS DRAWING AND ALL INFORMATION ON IT IS THEPROPERTY OF BALL STATE UNIVERSITY. IT ISCONFIDENTIAL AND ITS SUBMISSION OR DISTRIBUTIONTO MEET CLASSROOM REQUIREMENTS OR FOR OTHERPURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PROJECT.
COPYRIGHT 2012 BY BALL STATE UNIVERSITY- ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Location:
Drawn by:Project #:
Ball State Universityand PlanningCollege of Architecture
Joshua Stowers555-01
Professor: Dan WoodfinClass: Architectural Internship
MUNCIE, INDIANA 47305
AND THEREFORE
NOT LEGAL BINDING
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRO
DU
CED
BY
AN
AU
TOD
ESK
ED
UC
ATI
ON
AL
PRO
DU
CT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRO
DU
CED
BY A
N A
UTO
DESK
EDU
CA
TION
AL PR
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UC
T
EAST JACKSON STREET
INDIANA STATE ROAD 32
ALLEYWAYSO
UTH
MAD
ISON
STR
EET
HISTORICFIRE STATION No. 1
NON-HISTORICADDITIONS
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MUN
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INDI
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4730
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hite
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Josh
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555-
01
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esso
r:Da
n W
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inCl
ass:
Arch
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MUN
CIE,
INDI
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4730
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
54
Ball S
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tate U
nivers
ityM
uncie
, India
najm
stowe
rs@bs
ugma
il.net
Gra
du
ate
Stu
de
nt
of
Arc
hit
ec
ture
Jo
sh
ua
Mic
hae
l Sto
wer
sNO
T DRAW
N NO
R
APPROV
ED B
Y A
LICEN
SED A
RCH
ITECT
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SN
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TICE
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