LILIES
FOR ENGLISH GARDENS
[HE WHITE LILY IN
A
iOTIAGE GARDEN.
The " Couu^try Life"Li'BRARY.
LILIES
FOR ENGLISH GARDENS.
A GUIDE FOR AMATEURS.COMPILED FROM INFORMATION PUBLISHED LATELY IN "THE GARDEN," WITH THE ADDITION OF SOME ORIGINAL CHAPTERS.BY
GERTRUDE JEKYLL.SECOND EDITION.
PUBLISHED BY
"COUNTRY LIFE"20, TAVISTOCK. STREET, CO VENT GARDEN, W.C.
GEORGE NEWNES,7-12,
Ltd.
SOUTHAMPTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C.
1903.
INTRODUCTIONLilies,stately
comprising as they do, some of the most
and beautiful
of
garden flowers, are not nearly
much grown in gardens as their beauty deserves. One may go through many a rather large place and notsosee a Lily
from one end
to the other,
and
in spite of the
enormous and ever-increasing
interest in
gardens and
flowers of these days, a large proportion of the people
who
are taking a practical interest
in
horticulture
hardly as yet
know one
Lily
from another.
Thewanta
present writer and compiler,
who
has been a
working amateur
for thirty years, has keenly felt the
of a short, concise, illustrated
handbookto
;
such
book
as will just tell
amateurslikely
in the plainest
wayin
what they are mostLilies.
to
want
know about
Such a book has therefore been preparedbeen condensed and put as shortly
the form of the present volume, in which the information hasas possible
for greater simplicity
and ease
of reference.
Early in 1900 the editors of The Garden, feelingthatit
was desirableof Lilies,
to
encourage the growth of these
good plants, sent out circulars to some thirtygrowers
knownwhat
in order to ascertain firstly
viLiliesin
INTRODUCTIONwere Iheeasiest of general culture,
and secondlymight be
what circumstances various other
Lilies
considered successful in different parts of the United
Kingdom.readily
The
result of these inquiries
is
herewith
published, with
acknowledgments
to
those
who
so
and courteously complied with the request.are also due to Mr.
Acknowledgmentsfor permission to
W. Robinson;
make reproductions
of Lily portraits to several
from some of the former Garden platesfriends of
The Garden, especially to Miss Willmott,
Mr. G. F. Wilson, and Messrs. Wallace of Colchester,for
photographs of
Lilies,
and
to
Mr. E. T. Cook,helpful advice
joint-editor of
The Garden, for
muchthis
andIt
assistance.
must
be
understood;
that
is
merely an
amateur's handbook
a simple guide to thosein
whoeither
wish to growLilies
Lilies
English gardens.not
Severalit,
known
to
exist are
named
in
because they are of secondary importance
in
ourlittle
gardens or because they are scarce or tender or
known.it is
They concern the botanist, whose business know and to classify everything they scarcely concern the gardener whose interest it is to knowto;
what
Lilies will best grace his garden.
The Lilies named ment to the work of
are (with grateful acknowledgthat
eminent botanist) arrangedJ.
according to the classification of Mr.
G. Baker, so
long Keeper of the Herbarium and Library of the
Royal Gardens
at
Kew.
INTRODUCTIONA
vii
careful observation of the distinctive features of
the great divisions of Lihes will not only give additional interest to the plants themselves, but will give
the
amateur
grower some grasp
of
the
botanical
aspect,
by helping him
to observe the evidences of the
commonin
laws of structure that have been accepted
determining the relationships of the groups.believe,
No
one could
who
has not taken the trouble toplainly defined characters,
learn these simple
and now
how
the possession of such knowledge increases our
interest in
any group of
plants.
What
a joy
it
is,
in
Daffodils for instance, to haveeye,"
acquired a " Daffodil
so
that
when
any new Narcissus, whetherglance to guess fairlyat its clanship.
collected wild or produced by intentional hybridisation,is
shown, to be ableits
at a
nearly atIn
parentage and quite surelyLiliesit
the
matter of
is
much
easier, fordistinct.
the
forms
in the several
groups are more
In additionto of
toit
the acknowledgment so justly due
Mr. Baker,
would be ungracious on the partto
any one venturingLilies
put together a handbookto
on
to
omit some grateful reference
the
labours
of
others;
who have worked amongtravels
these
noble flowers
to the
and writings of Mr."
Henry Elwes, authorstandard authority on
ofLilies
the;
Monograph,"
the
to theof
manyof
years of;
experiment and written record
Mr. G. F. WilsonMr.
and
to
the
industry and perseverance
Max
Leichtlin of
Baden-Baden.
viii
INTRODUCTIONit
Perhapsteurs
is
to
Mr. Wilson above
all
that
ama-
are
mostly indebted, for hislast
untiring
work
during the
thirty yearstrials,
in
large
and long-consee
tinued practicalin
and
for his
unwearied kindnesstheat
allowing;
all
who
desired instruction to
results
also for his generosity in
communicating
once
to the horticultural press
anything about Lilies
that he perceived to be of educational value.
CONTENTSCHAPTERLILIES AS CLASSIFIEDI
PAGEI
CHAPTER nLILIUM GIGANTEUM.
SUB-GENUS
I
......... .....IV
4
CHAPTERLILIU.M
IIIII
LONGIFLORUM.
SUB-GENUS
7
CHAPTERLILIUM TIGRINUM.
IV
SUB-GENUS
III
18
CHAPTER VLILIUM PHILADELPHICUM.
SUB-GENUS
...
25
CHAPTERLILIUM CANADENSE.
VI29
SUB-GENUS V
CHAPTER
VIILILIES
SOME BEAUTIFUL WAYS OF GROWING
...
37
CHAPTERLILIES IN
VIII40
THE ROCK-GARDEN
CHAPTERLILIES IN POTS IN
IX.
OUTDOOR GROUPS
.
.
.
.
4I
X
CONTENTSCHAPTER XPAGE
LILIES AS
CUT FLOWERS
44
CHAPTERLILIES
XI47
FOR TOWN GARDENS
CHAPTER XHLILIES FOR DIFFERENT SOILS
48
CHAPTERHOWLILIES
XIII.
DO IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF ENGLAND
.
50
CHAPTER XIVIMPORTED AND HOME-GROWN LILIES57
CHAPTER XVLILIES AS POT PLANTS.
58
CHAPTER XVIDEEP OR SHALLOW PLANTING60
CHAPTER XVIIPROTECTION FROM SPRING FROSTS63
CHAPTERHYBRID LILIES
XVIII65
CHAPTER XIXTHELILY DISEASE 53
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSWhite LilyL.
in a Cottage Garden LiLIUM GiGANTEUM
.
.
.
Frontispiece45
To face page,)
GiGANTEUM L. LONGIFLORUM A Field of L. Longiflorum L. Longiflorum Part of a Field of L. Longiflorum L. Neilgherrense L. Nepalense L. LowiL.L.
Philippinense
Sulphureum
Candidum, best form L. Candidum, less good form L. Candidum, the best form White Lily in a Garden Landscape White Lily in a Garden in Venice White Lily in a Garden Border, widepetalled White Lily, the starry formL.. .
.... .......
10 lo
lo
n ,,12,,
...
,,
12
12 12
Group of White Lily White Lily in a Garden Border, thegood form Brownii in a Devon Garden L. Japonicum Brownii The White Lily with other Flowers The White Lily in the Thames Valley L. Brownii in the Edge of a WoodL..
,,
.....
i,
1212
12
,,12 ,,13,>
.
14 141515
L.
L.L.
Krameri Rubellum Rubellum at the Edge of Woodland
xnL. L. L. L.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSParryi Wallace: TiGRINUM SPLENDENSTofacepage l6
.....
17 18
L.L.
AURATUM AURATUM AMONG RHODODENDRONS Speciosum var. Melpomene.
2021
22
L. L.L.
Henryi
23
CroceumElegans, Orange Queen Elegans, Van Houttei
....andAlice
2626 26 28
L.
Wilsonl. L.
batemanni.e Bolanderi, L. Maritimum and Pardali-
NUM LUTEUML.
28
L.L.
Canadense Pardalinum Superbumin a
29
30
30
White MartagonL.
Garden Border
.
31
Szovitsianum
32
.
Tenuifolium L. Testaceum Group of L. Testaceum L. Chalcedonicum L. POMPONIUM L. Testaceum in the Wild Garden L. Giganteum in Woodland. White Lily with Sun-Dial L. Brownii in a Firwood at Mr. Wilson's L. Test.aceum in the Garden Landscape. L. Krameri in the Rock Garden Longiflorum in Pots in a Garden L.L.
3334
.....
3435
3637
....
38 3838
39
4041
CourtL.
with Foliage of Green Aucuba Nankeen Lily with Maize Foliage Hybrid Lily raised by an Amateur L. Dalhansoni
.
4445
.
.......
6667
LILIES
FOR ENGLISH GARDENSCHAPTERI
LILIES AS CLASSIFIED
The genusclassification,
Liliumdi-
is,
according
to
Mr.
Baker's
vided into six subgenera, of whichfive especially con-
cern our gardens.
Sub-genuscallednurn.
I.
is
Cardiocri-
This
has onlyofis
two
species,
which the bestIt
Lilium giganteum.has-
white,
funnellike
shapedLilies,
flowers, and, un-
other
wideheart-shapedleaves,
muchleaves,
like
Arum
onL.
long stalks.GIGANTEUM.
2
LILIES FORSub-genusII. is
ENGLISH GARDENS
called Etdirion.
The
flowers in this are also funnel-shaped, but the
leaves are long, either with their sides parallel (linear)
L.
CANDIDUM.
or ofat
some
length, thickest in the middle
and tapering
both ends (lanceolate).longifloruin,
This comprises
among
other Lilies,
candidiim, japonicuni (other-
wise Brownii), and Krameri.
Sub-genus
III. isis
called Archelirion.
The
flower
of a very
divisions are widely spread,
open funnel-shape, and its and a little turned back.
Thein
central style or
pistil comes forward
a boldly curved
line,
and theinstead
sta-
mens,
of
L.
SPECIOSUM.
round, giving the flower a distinct
accompanying it more or less as in some other Lilies, diverge from it all aspect. The leaves
are either without stalk (sessile), or have the stalk very
LILIES AS CLASSIFIEDshort.
3
This sub-genus includes tigrinum, auratum, speciosuDi, and perhaps the
newer Henryi,Sub-genusIsolirion.
IV.
is
called
In
thisis
flower
sub - genus the an open cup ofreddish-orangecarriedupright,
orange,
or
colouring
such as the Orange Lily (Z.crocemn).
Sub-genus Martagon.
V.
is
calledL.
CROCEUM.
These arecap shape;
more or less turn-cap or turk'sL. canadense, which is bell-shaped, beingLilies of
themost notable exception.
About
half of
them have
the leaves in whorls.
Theare
purple Martagon and thescarlet
chalcedonicum
the
commonest represen-
tativesLilies.
among
gardenR/^
Sub-genus VI.Notholirion.
is
called
This sub-genushere considered, aslink with
isit
notis
a
L.
MARTAGON.
the Fritillaries,
and the only two species it contains are difficult and by no means indispensable garden flowers.
CHAPTERSUB-GENUSLILIUM GIGANTEUMCardiocrinumI
II
(Eastern Himalayas),
The
great beauty
and surprising dimensionsa
of
the
giant Lily well repay the trouble needed forvation.
its
culti-
Thoughhave
true
Lily,
its
wide,of
succulentthose ofa
leaves
almost the appearance
giantIneasily
Arum.cool woodland, in alight,
loamy
soil,
it
can
be grownit
;
indeed there are woods in England
grows so readily that it may be said to have become naturalised, growing spontaneously from selfsown seed. But in most gardens and home wood-
where
lands
it
is
thankful for well-prepared holes of light
sandy loam with leaf-mould and enrichment of welldecayed manure.
Theby
root
is
unlike that of most Lilies, for instead of
consisting of whitish or yellowish scales, only adheringtheir bases,it is
a solid bulb of dark bottle-greenlike
colour,
shaped somethingIt
an
oil-flask
withall
aits
shortened neck.
makes no stem
roots,^
root-growth
coming from the bulb, and'
radiating
See page
6i.
^i'.'^Ml
'JLIUM G!GANTEUM
:
{TaUcst spikf
lift.
61115.)
LILIUM GIGANTEUM WHITE, IVITH RED-PURPLE STRIPE INSIDE {Flruvrs ten inches long).:
LILIUM GIGANTEUMlaterally only alittle
5
way underground. The roots look like those of a young tree or the great spreading ones of Eremurns robustus. The flowering stems have
need of these great roots, for they rise to a height of from ten to fourteen feet, though they are perhaps best at from ten to eleven feet. In the last days of June,or the earliest days of July, the great trumpet-shapedflowers expand, each eight to nine inches long, and
four or iive
inches across the
mouth.
They
are
greenish-yellow
when
they begin to open, but pure
white
when
fully
opened, when they show a red-
purple bandwithin
inside.
Theeven
great
stemof
bearsthese
from
twelve to twenty,
or
more,
flowers
some twotheatstill
feet of the top.
The fragrancefar in
is
powerful and delicious, and carriesevenings
summer
when
the light
is
waning,best.
which time these grand
Lilies
look their
full-sized, do not flower two or three years indeed it is much better that they should not do so, but that they should slowly grow and gather strength. The flower coming the next year on a large-sized bulb is rarely a good one,
Planted bulbs, unless quite;
for
and it is better, unless it promises unusual vigour, to remove it and let the bulb grow and strengthen. Unless seed is wanted, it is best for the bulb to remove the upper part of the flower-stem after blooming, as this will help the offsets, although it is a handsome object all the summer, retaining its leaves and itspolished greenness, while the large upturned podsare fine things also.
6If
LILIES
FOR ENGLISH GARDENSis
good seed
wanted,
it
is
well to insureis
it
by
repeated hand-fertilisation.
Increase by seed
rather
a slow process, as flowering bulbs can hardly be ex-
pected
till
seven years from the time of sowing.offsets
Thein
plant that has flowered will have
of
several sizes, the largest of
which
will
probably flower
two years.
The bulbs;
are planted quite shallow,
only just underground
established ones
show
their
tops just above ground.In most gardens, though it does not appear to be needed everywhere, care must be taken that the youngleaves
do notof
bourhood
from London, andsuffer
late frosts.
In the neighto the south to
for
some way
of that latitude, the
young
leafy
growths need
be
protected by a few Fir boughs, or something that will
"break" the frost without so closely covering the Lilies as to draw and weaken them.Lilium cordifolium of Japan may be described as a poor kind of L. giganteum, and is so inferior to this
grand thing, that unlesslection of as
it
is
an object to have abe,it is
col-
many
kinds as
may
hardly worth
growing.
LILIUM LONGIFLORUM
:
WHITE;
IS'
v iiiclus
long
In'
fi-e iiu-kei
r.v,/*',)
CHAPTERSUB-GENUS11
III
LILIUM LONGIFLORUM
(Japan),
Eulirion
Bermuda LilyThis most beautiful Japanese Lily appears in our gardens under the various names of Harrisi, exiniium, Wilsoni, dLwd gmndiflorum. These are all good garden varieties of the same plant. The white trumpet flowers, borne one or two on a stem in the type plant, but more numerously in the stronger kinds, have yellow anthers that help to give the flower anappearance of great purity, whileits
fine build gives
an impression of consummate beauty of Lily form.
An immenseportation,so
quantity are grown in Japan for exthe
thatis
moderate price
at
which
it
may be boughting.
an encouragement to free planta plant of great vigour,;
Theflorum
fine variety
Wilsoiti
is
often bearing six or eight flowers on a stemis
grandi-
also a very fine Lily.
somewhat misleading, But as it was found to Japanese. for the plant increase readily and mature more quickly in the Bermuda Islands, it was largely grown there under It is a Lily that accommodates the name Harrisi.
The name Bermudais
Lily
is
8
LILIES
FOR ENGLISH GARDENSandwill
itself
readily to forcing,
bear both pushing
on early and
also retarding.
The bulbsthey
are not of
much
use after forcing, but
may be
turned out and clumped together in
somethey
retired spot
may
give
some
and given a good watering, when useful flowers for cutting towardsoutof
the end of autumn.
When
planted
doors
Lilium
longiflorum.
depended upon to prosper and form strong clumps as so many Lilies will do, although it forms young bulbs on the underground stem and by the breaking up of the old bulbs. These can be collected and grown on, but it is hardly worth doingcannot bein private gardens.Stillifit
is
desired to do so the
separated scales
may be
put rather thickly in pans
and grown on in the greenhouse. This grand Lily is also very useful grown in pots for many outdoor purposes. Nothing is better for dropping into empty spaces, pot and all, in the latter part of the summer, or for standing in any place where pot plants are grouped with foliage plants, a way ofgardening thatpractised.is
not
halfit
enough considered oris
In
such places
beautiful in
shade,
thoughenjoyedIt
if
kept moist at the root the flower will bear
plenty of sun.in
But
its
beauty and purity are bestsix to
a shaded position.
should be planted
seven inches deep, as
it forms stem roots, or if in pots, should be in deepshaped pots and potted low, so that additional soil
of a rich
of
compost can be added the upper set of roots.
for the
nourishment
o
5 5 o-J
a:;
o-J
3
;>.
LIIJUM NFALGIIERkENSE CREAM COLOU RED. FAE\'TLY;
PIJRIEE OUTSIDE.
(Floivcrs Six in.ha
)
LILIUM NEPAL EN. >E; CITRON AND PURPLE
:
(Floivcis
F ,iiy
inches ifiILIES IN
VIII
THE ROCK-GARDENLilies into consideration,
Whenyet
thinking of plants suitable for the rock-garden,
one does not always take
and
some
of the very best effects
may
be obtained by
their use.
In a rock-garden of large extent and bold featuresthereLiliesis
no reason why nearly;
all
but the very largest
should not be planted
but even in smaller places
the bold and graceful
upright Lily-form
may
often
redeem a rock-garden from the over-squatness of treatment so often seen. Moreover, when one thinks of a delicate and brilliant gem like tenuifolium, with itsscarlet turn-cap flower
coming, as
it
does, so early in
the Lily season
;
of the small-growing orange-colouredof the
philadelphicmn
;
many gorgeous andelegans;
tender-
coloured varietiestheir small stature
of
{thunbergianum),
with
and large bloom of concolor and of the lovely pink coridion, two charming dwarf kinds rubelluni one sees that Lilies in the rock-garden Several of the should by no means be neglected. species are from rocky lands, and the complete drainage of the upper portions of the rock-garden is greatly;
in their favour.
(
LIl.lUM
LONGIFLURUM IN FOTS, ARRANGED WITH FUNKIAS, CANNAS, EIC, IN THE ANCLE OF A PA VED GARDEN COURT.
CHAPTERLILIES IN POTS INIna
IX
OUTDOOR GROUPSifit
newly made garden, especiallyaccessories,
includes
architecturalclassical
whether
of
refined
and
character
or
roughly built of some localto the garden's
stone, a great addition
beauty and
delightfulness
is
made by properly considered and
designed places for the standing of groups of plantsin pots.It
would be the carethat
of the designer so to
diaw
his
plans
these
spaces would not look hungry orwhile in
naked
in winter,
appear to
summer the plants should be occupying their own proper place, and
not be there as interlopers or clumsy afterthoughts.
The
great advance of late years in the use of important
plants,
such asIn
Lilies
and Cannas, makes the con-
sideration of such a department in garden design anecessity.
the stone-work.
many cases Where it
it
may
be a sunk bed in
is
to contain
somebest,
of the
strongest growing plants, such as the older kinds of
Cannas
of large stature, a
bed may be
but justis
now
it is
the arrangement of plants in pots that
being
considered.
Sheltered spots in connection with walled
garden courts are about the best places for such groups, and Lilies will be the most important of theplants used.4"
42
LILIESthis
FOR ENGLISH GARDENS
purpose the best kinds are longifloTum, candiduni, auratutn, Krameri, and speciosum. In suchgroupings nothingthe best foliage, alsoto beis
For
setting to the Lihes,
more important, as a suitable than to have a good supply of in pots. For this the plants most
recommended
are Funkia grandiflora, and hardy
Ferns as advised for the woodland groups, Male Fern,
Lady Fern, and Dilated Shield Fern. All these are grown out of doors in a sheltered place, having been potted in October. The plants take two years to cometo their best,
and
will
stand in the pots three or fourfor a shift.
years, after
which they are thankful
The
only indoor plants used with these are Aspidistras,
which are much benefited by the outdoor treatment. There is no reason why any other plants of goodgreen foliage thatbutit
may be
liked should not be used,
is
convenient to describe an arrangement thatthree
has been actually done, and found to answer so wellthatfor
or four years
it
has remained un-
changed.
The groupsof June.
of green are put out in the firstis
week
In the place in question there
no congiven by
venience for bringing on
early
batches of Liliiimis
longiflonnn, so that the first flower effect
pots of white Gladiolus (the Bride), andgeas, white
some Hydranall
and pink. But
in the
shady place
white
and tender-coloured flowers look well, while all gain immensely from being placed in the ample groundwork of cool greenery of only a few kinds of plants,
and these not mixed up, but easily grouped. A very simple grouping such as this of a few green
LILIES IN POTSthings and a few kinds ofLilies, is beautiful
43 beyond
comparison with a placinglectionof potted flowers.
of
a miscellaneous col-
A sunny
place would beit is
differently treated, with other plants, butif
doubtful
any would be so pictorially satisfactory as the cool, shaded place, with its white or tender-coloured Lilies, and their amply sufficient groundwork of handsomegreenery.
CHAPTER XLILIES AS
CUT FLOWERSopinions about the beautytiie
There can be no twoof
Lilies as
cut
flowers for
house.in
The onlythisis
objection that can bethat
made
to
them
use
is
some have too strongfor
a scent.
This
especially
the
case with auratuins, whichahall
are therefore
moreratheris
suitable
or entrance than for an actuallovely
sitting-room.
The
candidumto
is
also
strong in a room, though
many
the scent
so
welcome,tide, that
asit
oneis
of the sweet smells of high
summer-
liked in the sitting-room as well as in
the
garden.
No
possible objection on this accountlongifloriiuiLilies,
can be raised againstof the
or
speciosuiii,
two
very best room
whether cut or
in pots.
Whento
arranged as cut flowers their nobility of aspectrestricts
necessarily
the
choice of kinds of foliage
be put with them.these Lilies;
Nothing small or petty canthe leafage thatis
come nearLiliiiin
put withits its
them must have some kindlongiflorumfoliage,
of dignity of of
own.
may have enoughis
own
but
if
any
added
it
should be somethingpolish, such as
of the
same dark colouring and high
Magnolia grandiflora, of which a well-grown tree can always spare a branch or two, or a bough of a
d ^
LILIES AS
CUT FLOWERS
45
dark-leaved green Aucuba, or Acanthus latifalius pre-
pared by a bath of some hours in a tank or tub.L. speciosuDi andits
varieties
admit ofIf
much moresomeof
variety in the choice of fohage.
there are strong
growing examplestheir
of
Magnolia
conspicua,
summer
shoots of
handsome
pale leaves, pro;
bably two feet long, can well be sparedis
if
the tree
good quantity will be available. worth keeping in the reserve garden a patch of Maize and a little of the variegated kind, on purpose for cutting to go with Lilies and Gladiolusagainst a wall ais
It
well
and other important summer and autumn flowers. If the first shoots of the Maize are cut when they are three feet high, it will push again from the base
and givethat,like
a
number
of
usefulIt
shoots
of
graceful
greenery for the autumn.so
should be remembered
many
of theit
Lilies,
Maize also makesat the
stem roots, so thatof
should be planted
bottomthe
a depression
or in a trench, and given a goodfill
dressing of compost to
up
to the level
when
stem roots begin to show. Leaves of Funkia grandiflora are also delightfulwith these Lilies;
a good breadth should be
grown
for cutting, in a half-shaded place well
slugs
;
the leaves burn in the sun.
guarded from Fronds of hardy
Ferns, especially
Lady Fern,
are also good, but they
should be prepared by a bath of some hours.
The tender pink and
rosy colouring of L. speciosuni
are also beautiful with grey foliage.
Of
this
the
grandest will be leaves of Globe Artichoke or Cardoon.
A
reserve of these in
full
sunlight
should also be
46
LILIES FOR ENGLISH;
GARDENS
kept for cutting
the
flower
stems should be cuttank to prepare
out in order to insure a succession of the leaves.
These must
also be
immersed
in the
themin
to stand well in water. of the orange-coloured Lilies are also;
Manymostfine
goodthe
rooms
croceum and tigrinum being
among
useful.
Theyare
are generally well
nished with leaves to
enough furdo without addition, and theirseen;
forms
so
best
theof
stiffness
of
theLily
laterally
directed
flower
stalks
the
Tiger
makes
it
very easy to arrange, one flower support-
ing another.
CHAPTERLILIES
XI
FOR TOWN GARDENS
Therecroceum.
is
It
no better town plant than the grand Lilium seems to bear its well-filled heads of greatin a
orange cups as willingly
a country garden, while the
London square leaves show byitsit
as intheir
deep green colour, and the whole plant byhealth and vigour,
robust
howlife
little
cares
about thosetoin
conditions of town
that
are so surely fatalall
many
plants.
Indeed nearly
the Lilies
named
the chapter
on the
easiest
grown garden
Lilies will
do well
inL.L.
towns.
They compriseL.
auratum Brownii L. candidumL. chalcedonicwn L. croceum L. daviiricum L. elegans
Humboldti
L. longiflorumL. pardali?ium
L. pyrenaicumL. testaceum
L. tigrinum
47
CHAPTERLILIESIt has been observedthatit
XII
FOR DIFFERENT SOILSby someof our best amateursfive
is
not usual for more than four or
kinds
of Lilies to
do wellis
in the
ordinary
soil of
any oneat
garden.
This
scarcely to be
wondered
when
one thinksthe
of the
enormous geographicalAll the
distribution
of these plants.
known
Lilies are natives of
northern hemisphere, and;
virtually
within
the
temperate zone
any that occur within the Tropic of Cancer are in mountainous places at an elevation of some thousands of feet. They extend from Japanin the east to the
western States of America, and as
they
grow
in every variety of soil
and
situation
it
stands to reason that the conditions offered by any
one garden are notspecies.
likely to suit a large
number
of
Butis
as gardening consists not only in doing
what
easiest but also in taking pains to suit plants with
the Lilies that
what they want, by learning what are the needs of may be most admired by any individual amateur they may generally be made to succeed.Stillit
will
be reasonable to give the preference be favoured by thelist
to the Lilies that will
soil of
the
garden, and the followingthe likings of the kinds
will
approximately show
we have48
to deal with.
LILIESGoodloam and
FOR DIFFERENT SOILSsoil
49
average garden
or a mixture of
medium
leaf soil will suit
Batemannice
longiflorum
candidumchalcedonicumconcolor
Martagonpyrenaicuin poniponiuinspeciosuinszovitsiariinn
croceumcofidion
elegans
tenuifoliuin
HansomHenyyi
testaceumtigrinuiii
These therefore may be regarded as Lilies for every garden except those that are of a very light sandy peat, and even in these croceum, tigrinuin, Heniyi, Brownii, and rubellum will do very well.
Theit
Lilies that prefer a stiffer soil
and
will
do
in
as well as in the
average
soil are
:
candidum
CHAPTERHOWTheLILIES
XIII
DO
IN
DIFFERENT PARTS OFin
ENGLANDLilies that
do generally wellin;
gardens havingare
been consideredomitted from
the last chaptertheir
thereforeare
this
cultural requirements
given under their separate names, and also in the
chapter referred towithcertain
;
those also
known
to
do wellcon-
treatment or in certain
natural
ditions,
such as L. giganteum, do not appear here.Lilies,
The tender Indianin their place.
those that are best in greenwill
house treatment, are also excluded, andalphabetically
be found
In the following the kinds are placed:
L. Batemaimics.Failure in strong loam in Northumberland, in
same garden doing well in peat. red loam in South Devon. Well in sandstone and peat in South Devon. The best reports of this Lily come from Devonshire. We therefore assume that it is somewhat tender.the
Well
in
L. Brownii.Fairly well in heavy
Well
in strong
loam
loam in Cumberland. in Northumberland.
LILIES INVery wellto dry
ENGLANDsoil,
51
in light soil
(Hastings sand) in Kent.
Fairly well in alluvial;
deep and
light,
apt
in
Dublin.
Fairly well in light sandy
loam on chalk
in
Surrey.Failure in green sand on stony soil in Radnorshire.
WellWell
in
sandy peatdry
in Kircudbrightshire.
Fairly well in lightin light
loamsoil,
in
Nottinghamshire.
subsoil gravel, in
War-
wickshire.
Very well in loam and peat in Norfolk. Well in red sandstone and peat in South Devon. Well in loam in Surrey.Wellin
heavy red loam
in
South Devon.
L. canadense.Well spokenL. davuricum.of in moist, peaty soils.
Well in peat and loam in Devon. Very well in a gravelly, dry garden
in
Middlesex.
Z. elegans = thunbergianum. Well in heavy red loam in South Devon. Well in red sandstone and peat in South Devon. Well in red loam in South Devon. Well in sandy peat and gravel in Kirkcudbrightshire.
WellWell
in alluvial soil in Dublin.in
strong loam on clay in Northumber-
land.
52
LILIES FORL. Hansoni.Well
ENGLISH GARDENS
in peaty sand and loam in Devon. Very well in a dry, gravelly garden in Middlesex. Well in strong loam on clay in Northumberland.
Well
inin
sandy loam on gravel
in
Durham.
Well WellNearlyLily.all
red loam in South Devon.
in
loam
in Sussex.
the reports
we have had speak
well of this
L. Hwnboldti.Wellin
peaty loam near the sea in Wigton-
shire.
Fairly well in a dry, gravelly garden in Middlesex.
Well
in strong;
umberland
also well in a peat
loam on clay subsoil in Northbed in the
same garden. Well in disintegrated syenite with strong loam and peat in Worcestershire. Well in red loam in South Devon. Failure in loam in Surrey. Grand in heavy red loam in South Devon. Well in loam in Sussex.These reports should be encouragingthis to the use of
handsome
Lily.
L.
Kramer i.Very wellin
heavy yellow clay in Sussex.
Failure outside in sandy peat in Dumfriesshire.Fairly well in sandy soil in Shropshire.
LILIES INVery wellSurrey.in
ENGLAND
53in
sandy loam on chalk subsoil
in peaty loam in Wigtonshire. Unequal in alluvial soil (apt to dry) in Dublin. Well in peat (soil red sandstone) in South Devon. Failure in loam in Surrey.
Very well
Thetrial.
reports of this Lily vary considerably, but
it is
so beautiful that
we
advise amateurs to give
it
a good
L. Leichtlini.
Only two reports of this graceful Lily came one doubtful and one favourable.
in,
L. longiflorum. Out of fourteen reports continued success in garden culture was only mentioned in four cases, others being moderate, and somefailures.Itis
not a plant that can be exin
pected to grow on and increasegardens,
Englishat so
but
it
is
importedto
in
such vastnot likely
quantities,
and brought
our doorsis
cheap ato
rate, that its
popularityit
wane, while as a pot Lily
is
one of the
most valuable.L. pardalinum.
Of
this
we had seventeen:
notices, of
which a
few are as follows
WellWell
in
strong loam in Northumberland.
in peat, sand,
and loam
in
Devon.
54
LILIES FOR ENGLISHWell in stiff calcareous Hampshire.Well Wellininsoil
GARDENSon claysubsoil in
moist alluvial
soil in
Dublin.
in disintegrated syenite
and strong loamin
Worcestershire.in in
Well Well
sandy loam and gravel
Durham. disintegrated red sandstone and peatin
in
South Devon.
Very wellWellin
heavy red loam andin Sussex.
leaf soil in
South Devon.
loam
These reports show the wonderful adaptabilitythis Lily to a variety ofsoil,
of
and thereforeall
indicates
that
we may consider
it
a Lily for
English gardens.
L. Parryi.
Two
successes, three doubtful cases,
and onenot
failure are
recorded againstit it
this pretty Caliis
fornian Lily, but probably
from
its
being generallyin
known
that
should be grown
moist peat.
Since these reports came init
we have had
a most favourable account ofin Kent.
from an amateurL. philadelphicu7n.
Only mentioned oncedescribingit
in the reports received,
as short-lived.
L. rubelluni.Thisbeautiful
new
Lilyit
is
extremely
welltrial
spoken of whereverin
has
had
a fair
sandy or peaty
soils.
LILIES INL. speciosum.Well WellWell Wellin
ENGLANDin Kent.
55
sandy peat and loam
in disintegrated syenite, peat,
and loam
in
Worcestershire.in
heavy loam and granite
in
Carnarvonin
shire.
in disintegrated red
sandstone and peat
South Devon. Well in loam in Surrey. Fairly in heavy red loam
in
South Devon.reportsofthis
There are otherlovely Lily inits
less
satisfactoryvarieties,it
many
but on the whole
they are encouraging to usewell as a pot plant.
as a
garden plant as
L. superbum.This Lilyis
needs thatpraise of
so much like pardalinnm in its we need hardly repeat the general
its
well doing, especially in moist
peat in a partly shaded place.
L. temiifoliuni.This small Siberian Lilyis
not
muchof
cultivated,it;
and our reportsfindit
said butin
little
but
warm, sandy soil. renewed from seed. stock should bedoes well
we The
L. washingtonianum. Uncertain on oolite limestoneshire.
in
Gloucester-
56
LILIES FORWell Wellin in strong
ENGLISH GARDENSin
loam and sand in Norfolk. loam on clay subsoil
North-
umberland.
L. Wallacei.Is
reported only once, but then as doing well.
CHAPTER XIVIMPORTED AND HOME-GROWNThere are two ways of buying sure way of having home-grownofLilies;
LILIESthe safe and
bulbs from a houseof buying imported
good repute, and theat
risky
way
ones
auction sales.thelatter
By
followingof bulbs
course
a
much
larger
number
may
be had, but there are likely
to be failures.
It is
a kind of horticultural a prize of a case of
the buyerat a
may winrate,
very cheap
or he
may draw
a
gambling good bulbs blank and be
so
muchIf
the loser.
on receiving a case of imported bulbs they are found to be limp and flabby, they should, beforepotting or planting, be put for a time into justcocoa-fibre,
damp
Sometimes they arrive bruised and partly decayed. The worst had better be burnt at once any that seem worth saving, or have only small blue mouldy benefited by being well dusted patches, may be with powdered charcoal, or treated with dry powdered sulphur, getting the cleansing and fungoid-growthdestroying powder well in between the scales. It is best not to buy imported auratums early inthey will soonup.;
when
plump
the
season
;
the
first
consignments often contain
bulbs insufficiently ripened.
Those
that reach
Eng-
land after Christmas are likely to be better.
CHAPTER XVLILIES AS POT PLANTS.
Forof
pot culture the Lilies that do best, and at theuseful for
same time are the most
the
decoration
dwelling-house or conservatory, are, longiflorum,
candidum, auratiim, and speciosum
among
the hardiest
and
easiest,
then Krameriy Brownii, and the tender
Indian kinds, sulphureuin (wallichianmn), odoruni, and
Lowi.
The compost
that will suit
most
Lilies
is
a mixture
of good loam and peat with a
little
leaf-mould, in
two parts fibrous loam, one part fibrous peat with a little leaf-mould and sand. Thisthe proportion of
may bewith
called the stock Lily compost.
It
may
be
advantage
varied as
follows.little
For candidumsul-
rather heavier
loam and aloam, for
lime rubbish, for
speciosum heavier
Krameri, Brownii,
phureum, odorum, &c., rather lighter loam, forflorumrather
longi-
more manorial
matter, but of course
well decayed.
Pots for
Lilies
should be roomy and above
all
deep, especially for the Lilies that
make
stem-roots.
Out
of
those
candidum.
named above these will be all but The stem-rooting Lilies are generallypot and additionalS8
potted low in the
compost
is
LILIES AS POT
PLANTS;
59
added when the stem-roots appear this will bear to be a little richer than the compost in which thebulbis first
potted.is
Lilium longiflorum under glass
apt to be attackedin the rather
by green
fly,
crowds of which assemble
closely gathered leaves at the top of the stem
when
Fumigating should be begun in it is half grown. If they are good time and kept up at intervals. wanted early they must be kept in a moist atmosphere, well watered and often syringed. For starting the bulbs no way is better than plunging them in a bed of ashes four inches deep over the pots, as is done with Hyacinths then the;
potsas
will
be
transferred to
house or cold frame
they are wanted for use indoors in the earliest
months or later in the open. Those that are for outdoor use can also be potted They are kept in a cool frame just safe from later. When danger from frost is over they are frost. After plunged in an ash-bed in the open ground. a little weak liquid manure may be the top-dressing, given to the speciosum varieties and to longiflorum. For the treatment of Lilies in pots after the bloomis
over,
the supply of
water should gradually bethe stems have turned
decreased
they
should be plentifully watered while
growing and floweringdryin the
until
yellow; they are then fresh potted and kept rathercold frame for the winter.
CHAPTER XVIDEEP OR SHALLOW PLANTINGThereare two matters connected with Lily growing whose importance is often overlooked, and to the neglect of which many failures may probably be;
attributed
oneis
is
the right depth of planting, and
the other
neglect in giving due protection from
spring
frost.
As a rough rule a Lily is planted at a depth repreby three times that of the bulb, except in the case of L. giganteuni, which is planted barely underground. But Lilies have two ways of throwingsented
out roots.all
Some
of
them, including candidum and
the Martagons, root only at the base of the bulb.
But in a great number the bulb makes its first growth by the help of the roots from its base, known as basal roots then as soon as the stem begins to rise, it throws out a fresh set from the stem itself, above the point where it comes out of the bulb. These;
are the roots that feed the later growth of the stem
andis
flowers.
It
follows thatjust
if
one of these
Lilies
planted
only
underground, the
stem-roots
push out above ground, and, finding no nourishment, the growth of the plant will be checked. But their if these stem-roots are well underground, andwill60
DEEP OR SHALLOW PLANTINGstrong growthis
6irich
further
encouraged
by
the
mulchings in
that
recommended, and by frequent waterdry days of spring and early summer, theis
LILY
THAT MAKES STEM-ROOTS,SUCH ASL.
THAT MAKE NO STEM-ROOTS,SUCH ASL.
AUEATUM.
CANDIDUM.
stem roots can do their duty in supplying the stem and flowers with the needful nourishment. The following is a list of the Lilies that root fromthe stemas
well
as
from the bulb, and therefore;
requirebetically
deep planting;
the
names
are
put
alpha-
auraium, including
all
elegans
varietiesand the fine Japanese hybrid L.a. Alexandra. BatemannicE
Hansoni Henryi Kramerilo7igiflorum
Browniicroceutn
nepalense
Dalhansoni
speciosum tigrinum
62
LILIES FOR ENGLISHThe following
GARDENS:
only,
are the Lilies that root from the bulb and therefore do not need such deep plantingBurbanki
CHAPTERAgain rememberingall
XVII
PROTECTION FROM SPRING FROSTSthat our
garden
Lilies
come from
countries in the northern half of the temperate
world, from valleys, mountains, rocky heights, and
swamps, we must be prepared for the fact that their young growths pierce the ground at very different dates, and that, though no doubt each Lily in its own place comes out of the ground at the fittest season forits new growth, when we put them into our gardens we cannot suit them with the exact weather and
temperature and altitude that they would expect their own homes.It
in
follows that most of the Lilies that
come
early
out of the ground will need
some kind
of protection.
The best protection of all is that of growing shrubs, whose branches nearly meet over the spot where the Lily is planted. This is one reason why it is so strongly recommended that Lilium auratiim and others should be grown through and among Rhododendrons and other shrubs.
The
Lilies that like the closest
growths around themthe
may be knownmore orless
by having the lower part of the stembare of leaves, aslikeis
case
with
auratum ; those which,a thick leafy
candidum, spire up from
mass show
that they63
do not need the
64
LILIES FOR ENGLISH;
GARDENSit is
shrubby cover
but for the early growing Lilies
important that they should be given some shelter
from
frost.
A mulchof
of shortis
manure,
of half-decayed
good as a ground prowanted beyond this, for it often happens, when the ground covering only hasleaves, or;
cocoa-fibre
tection
but something
is
been provided, that the Lily growth pushes through it while we have yet to fear the late frosts of April
and May.
Fir boughs, either Scotch or Spruce, are
capital for this sheltering,
and one
of
our best Lily
amateurs, writing from Kent, says that he has foundthe
branches
of
Berberis Aquifolium
give
complete
success.will, as
Even bare boughs, such
as old pea sticks,
gardeners say, " break the
frost,"
and are much
better than nothing.
The samebe expected
helpful amateur has
sent these dates as those at which the growth of the
following Lilies
mayof Lily.
:
NameL.
Date of Appearance,
Liliuin longiflorum Takesinia
March
8th.
auratum platyphyllu>ii}
.
nth.17th.19th.
L. speciosum criientuin L. HenryiL.L.
HansomBrownii
)
L. speciosum alhim KtatzeriApril
L. excelsuniL. Parryi L.
.... ....\)
25th.1
2th.
13th.
Burbanki)
20th.
L. szovitsianum \
28th.
L. rubellumL. ca?iadense
May
4th.14th.
L. Bateinannia: (planted this spring)
CHAPTERConsidering howsurprising thatit
XVIII
HYBRID LILIESfreelyLilieslate
seed
it
is
rather
is
only of
years that
we
hear
muchkinds
of the raising of hybrid varieties.it
Perhapsthat
is
that the carefully cultivated gardensay, the
species
are
is
to
garden forms
of
natural
so good, that the attempt to mingle the
various characters could not produce anything better
we have already. Thus we can scarcely imagine an improvement on the best form of L. candidiun, or a grander flower than a bold L. atiratuin such as L. a. platyphylluni.thanItis
probable that the
efforts
of
those
who
arejust
nowa
hybridising
Lilies, will
end by producing
few excellent things and a large number of connondescripts, much worse as garden plants than the types from which they are derived.fusingStill,still
though
it
is
difficult to
imagine
it,
there
may
be potentialities of beauty undeveloped in theIn support of this thereis
Lily family.
the lovely
L. testaceum, said to be a hybrid of chalcedonicmn
andits
candidum,
which, while possessing a beauty of
own, clearly shows the relationship to both parents to chalcedonicum in the form of the flower and the65g.
66faint
LILIEStingeof
FOR ENGLISH GARDENSits
warm
colour, to candidum in
its
port and texture of
bloom
the
resemblance to
this
parent
being
perhaps strongest in the half-grownof the leaves.
state in the
arrangement and carriage
one can deny the success of the natural hybrid of auratum and longiflorum, JapaneseCertainlyif
no
that
be,
as
is
supposed, the true parentagein the Lily
of
Lilium AlexandrcB, but thenare
world there
not
many such
possible
parents as those two
grand
species.
L. Burbanki, a
hybrid of L. pardalinum and L.is
washingtonianum,give the world
well
spoken
of,
and there
is
reason to believe that Mr. Burbank before long
will
some good new hybrids. The hybrids of Martagon, such as Marhan {Martagon-\- Hansoni), are without doubt interesting, and have a certaindegree of beauty, but the genus Lilium seems tooffer a field for the
working
of better things.
It
is
to
be hoped that
this industrious
and able hybridist
or
some other enthusiast will work among the white Lilies. The orange yellows, in the croceum andMartagon groups, are already so numerous, and to
the unlearned amateur so confusing, that the bestthat
can be done with themself
is
to derive
if
possible
bold flowers ofseries
colouring rather than a merelinksIt
of
connecting
between
species
of
secondary importance.that
shouldis
be rememberedbeautiful flowers
what
is
wanted
in a
garden
rather than
many
different kinds of flowers.is
Many
a possibly lovely garden
ruined by too great a
mixture, and could only be redeemed by the practice
A HYBRID LILY: I'.IRRYITliucincites
-^
PAR DALINUM. DEEP ORANGF.Rniitdliy
(Flowers
ucmss.
an Amateur.
lALlUM DAL/I. INSONI A HYBRID OF AIARTAGON DALMATICUM:
AND HANSONL FLOWERS ORANGE LROWN
{Tiao inches across.)
HYBRID LILIESof severe restraint in theto
67
number
of kinds of things
be seen
at
one glance.at
A good
hybrid Lily has been raisedof a
Kew, namedbuff colour
L, Kezvense, the progeny of L. Henryi and a fine
form of L. Brownii.
It
is
creamy
turning nearly white, in general appearance something like a small auratuvi.
Aof
hybridist
who
could get the grand substance
of the tender Indian Lilies into
hardy garden plants
good constitution would indeed be a benefactor
to horticulture.
CHAPTER XIXTHE LILY DISEASEThereis'
one disappointment that growersfor,is
of Lilies
must occasionally be prepareddisease, often taking a
namely, the Lily
form that
known
as "spot."
In
some
cases spots of
leaves, in others
brown decay appear on the decay seizes some part of the halfifit
grown stemajet
as well, as
had been subjectedfalls
to
of
scalding
steam, and the stem
over.
Sometimes an almost full-grown stem is attacked at a late stage of its growth and it is able to open one or two flowers, which present a miserable appearance, crowning the whole stem-length ofdecaying rags of leaves and blemishedstalk.
Eviis
dence from the best amateurs shows that disease
much more
prevalent
in
imported bulbs thanattacks.is
in
those that are
home grown, and
that are thereforeits
stronger and better able to resistIn the
matter of disease Lilium candidumits
as
mysterious as in
other ways
;
for
one year
a
wholewill
rowbe
will
be in perfect beauty and the next theyIts
all
infected.
near
relative, testacemn, is
also
commonlyauratumis
subject
to
disease,
and
of
other
Lilies
one
of the
most frequent68
sufferers.
When
the disease appears in candidum
some growers
THE LILYattributeit
DISEASEThe
69
to
want
ofat
proper drainage and thereforethe root.best growers
stagnant moisture
agree in saying that this grand Lily vnist have gooddrainage, and most ofposure.disease in
them advocate a warm
ex-
We
do not know whether it suffers from Italy, where it grows so luxuriantly.
writer
With regard to " spot " in auratiiin, the present was much struck last year by the fact that among some Lilies among Rhododendrons "spot"appeared amongthatall that were in sun, while those were shaded escaped. The thought occurred whether it was possible that it was in this case not
a
disease
originating
in
the
plant
itself
but
the
direct burning action of
the sun intensified by the
lensof
form
of drops of wet.it
There was no question
frost
as
wasa
in
very hot weather, about the
same time when
good many people noticed that leaves of all kinds were burnt and decayed very quickly when a wet dead flower had fallen and rotted on them. The existence of disease should make growers all the more careful to do the best they can for their Lilies, for if the plant is in a healthy state we maysafely
assume that
it
will not
be attacked.in
Many columns have appearedthe disfiguring;
The Garden on
and mysterious Lily the subject of no certain preventive or remedy has been illness suggested, but there is strong presumption in favour of the efficacy of spraying with Bordeaux mixture,that
greatis
enemy
of
fungoid attacks
;
for the
Lily
disease
of that nature
and
is
known
to science as
70
LILIES FOR ENGLISHTherecipeis is
GARDENSThein
Botritis cinerca.
given below.
beneficial action of sulphur
well
known
vegetable
as well as animal pathology, as in the treatment of
mildew
in plants
and skin diseases
in animals.
One
observant amateur treated his bulbs after they were
dug up by shaking them up in a paper bag with some flowers of sulphur (sulphur in fine powder)so as to getit
well
in
among
the scales
;
he said
that the next season the plants did well
and showed
no
sign of disease.
Bordeaux MixtureSulphate of copper and fresh quicklime, one poundeach.slake
Dissolve the sulphate in athe
wooden
tub and
lime
in
a
pail
or anything
convenient.
Pour the lime when slaked into the sulphate solution, and add ten gallons of water syringe gently with this mixture, and again a week or ten days later.;
INDEXAcanthus,foliage, 45
Kew,
Indian Liliesin pots, 8
at,
10
Archelirion, 2
Artichoke, 45 Aspidistra with hlies, 42 Aucuba, foliage, 45 Autumn blooming, 18
Lilies
Baker's classification, i ways of growing, 37 Bermuda Lily, 7 Bordeaux mixture, 70Beautiful
Rhododendron beds,20 Lilium Alexandrae, 61, 66 auratum, 3, 19, 38, 42, 44, 57, 58, 62 Batemannias, 28, 50 Brownii, 2, 13, 39, 50, 58 bulbiferum, 26 Burbanki, 62, 66 canadense, 3, 29, 51 ,,in
CalifornianCannas withCardiocrinum,
Lilies, 16,29,30i I
candidum,
2, 10,
44, 58,
Lilies, 41
Classification of Lilies,
62 carniolicum, 33 Catesbasi, 27
Compost, 9 Cut flowers,
Lilies as,
44
,,
chalcedonicum, 3, columbianum, 31concolor, 25, 40 cordifolium, 4 coridion, 25, 40
32, 35
Deep planting,Disease, Lily, 68
60
Double-flowered
Lilies, 18
,,,,
eulirion,
2,
9
croceum, 3, 26, 46 Dalhansoni, 6i davuricum, 27, 51elegans, 27, 40,5
Lilies, 35, 39, 45 Fertilization by Hand, 6 Field mice, 20 Funkia with Lilies, 39, 45
Ferns with
,,
excelsum, 34
eximium
(longiflorum), 7
Fortune! (tigrinum), 19 giganteum, I, 4, 38, 60 grandiflorum (longiflorum), 7
Lilies, 57 Hybrid Lilies, 34, 65
Home-grown
ImportedIsolirion, 3
Lilies, 57
Grayi, 62
Hansoni, 31, 52 Harris! (longiflorum), 7 Henryi, 3, 23
Humboldtu,Japan, L. auratum grown in, 19 Japan, L. longiflorum grownin,
30,
32, 38,
52
.
7
japonicum, 2, 13 Kewense, 67
72Lilium Krameri, 52,58 2,
INDEX14,
39,
42,
Lily disease, 68
Leichtlini, 31, 53
Madonna8,
Lily, 10
longiflorum,
2,
7,
39,
MagnoliaMaize, 45
foliage,
44Lily, 12, 13
42, 44, 53, 58
Lowi,
9, 10,
5831,
Manure60
for
White
Marhan, 66martagon,3,
Martagon
Lily, 3, 31,
60
,,
monadelphum, 32neilgherrense, 9, 10 nepalense, 9, 10
Nankeen
Northolirion,
Lily, 34 3, 36
odorum,
13, 58
pardalinum,
29, 30, 53 25, 40,
Orange Lily, 3 Oriental kinds, 9Pots,Lilies in, 8, 41, 58frost,
Parryi, 16, 54 philadelphicum,
Protection from
63
philippinense,
9,
10
polyphyllum, 33
Red
pomponium,
32, 36
Lily NOPLE, 35
of
Constanti
pyrenaicum, 33 Roezli, 29, 30rubellum, 15, 40, 54 speciosum, 2, 3, 22, 42, 44,45, 55, 58 sulphureum, 9, 10, 58
Replanting white Lily, 12 Rhizomatous roots, 16 Rock-garden, Lilies for, 40
Scarlet Martagon,
35
superbum,55
29,
30,
32,
szovitsianum, 32 tenuifolium, 32, 36, 40,55
Shallow planting, 60 Soils, Lihes for various, 48 Spot, 69 Stem roots, 60 Sub-genera, i, 2, 3Sulphur, 70
.,
testaceum, 34, 65
Swamp27, 40,
Lilies, 30,
38
thunbergianum,51
Tiger Lily,3, 18,
18for,
tigrinum,
46
Town
gardens, Liliesin,
47
umbellatum, 26Wallace!, 17, 56 wallichianum, 9
Tubs, Lilies
39
washingtonianum,55
16,38,7
White Lily, 10 and onward Wisley, Lilies at, 30 Woodland, 4, 35, 38
Wilsoni (longiflorum),