Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 1
Japan’s Initiatives for Gender Balance
in Science and Technology
Miyoko O. Watanabe
Japan Science and Technology Agency
1
Sept. 20, 2014 Career Ways in Science & Academic
in Germany & Japan
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 2
Contents
1. Diversity & Inclusion in JST
2. Government Growth Strategy --Promoting active participation by women --
3. Women in Science & Technology in Japan
4. Women’s Contribution
to New Products & System
3 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
Cabinet Office Minister of State for S&T Policy
Universities
Independent Administrative Institutions
(IAIs)
Prime Minister
Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI) 1. Investigation and deliberation on basic policy relating to S&T 2. Investigation and deliberation concerning the policy for allocation of S&T related budget, human resources, etc. 3 Evaluation of nationally important R&D 4 Investigation and deliberation on comprehensive improvement of environment to promote innovation by application of R&D outcomes Science Council of Japan (SCJ)
Ministry of Economy, Trade, Industry &Tourism
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure & Transport
Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications
Ministry of Health, Labor & Welfare
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, S&T(MEXT)
☞ JST is a core executing agency of
the National S&T Basic Plan.
Science and Technology Administrative System in Japan
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 4
JST’s Diversity and Inclusion
【Vision】 Contribution of diversity & inclusion to creation of new value
【Mission】 Promoting diversity and inclusion of human resources, career,
ways of working, resulting in their full potential of all employees
【Background】
(1) Labor force in Japan is forecasted to decrease to 8.72 million people
(▲13.3%)by 2030
(2) Diversity is needed to create innovation
(3) Female researcher ratio is still low
10.6% 11.9% 13.6% 14.4%
30.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2000 2005 2010 2013 2020 aim
change of female researcher ratio
2020
target
16.6%
extension
Gap! over 60
15-29
5 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
Strategy of Diversity Promotion
① Proposal to
MEXT and CSTI
-Towards the
development of
fifth Science &
Technology Basic
Plan
③Action to
partners
-Funding for
life events
-Increase in
female ratio
in committees
②Action in JST
Diversity of
human
resources
Diversity of
ways of
working
・Promotion of
women, young
& foreign
employees
・Setting advisory board
・Launch of website
・Workshops for exchanging opinions for diversity
Diversity of
career
・Human resource
development
・Mentor to
female managers
・Global training
・Flexible &
efficient work
・Telework
・Working hours
Achievement of Vision and Mission
Data analysis hearing questionnaire
6 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
Structure of Diversity and Inclusion
President
( Dr. M. NAKAMURA)
Executive Director
(Mr. S. OHTAKE)
Office for Diversity and Inclusion
Director
(Dr. Miyoko O. WATANABE)
Advisory Board of JST
Diversity and Inclusion
Activity
1. Target setting of female ratio and release ・2016 : Executive14% (1/7), Manager13% (21/158)
・2020 : Executive 30% (2/7), Manager 30% (47/158)
(present: Executive 0% (0/7), Manager 7.6% (12/158))
2. Proposal of measures for 2015 budget to MEXT
3. Proposal of policy for 5th S&T Basic Plan to CSTI
4. Global collaboration WECC2015 in Kyoto in 2015, Gender summit in Korea in 2015
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 7
Contents
1. Diversity & Inclusion in JST
2. Government Growth Strategy --Promoting active participation by women --
3. Women in Science & Technology in Japan
4. Women’s Contribution
to New Products & System
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 8
Japanese Economic Policy
Japanese Economic Policy: Abe + Economics ⇒ Abenomics Speech on Growth Strategy by Prime Minister Abe April 19, 2013 May 17, 2013 June 5, 2013 : : September 3, 2014 September 12, 2014
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 9
Make an approach for individual corporation to promote women in positions such as directors & managers---
Coordinate to establish the subsidy program for corporate working on a capacity improvement of workers on a child-care leave & returning to work, & ---
Establish the subsidy program for ---
Drive forward an urgent PJ “accelerating the zero childcare waiting list PJ---
“Accelerating the zero childcare waiting list PJ” efforts by new system of child/child-care support
Increase promotion /appointment of women in national public officer--
The promotion for female workers in leading positions to at least 30% until 2020
Securing childcare arrangements for 20,000 children in FY2013&2014 (24,825 in 2012)
Aim at zero childcare waiting list by FY2017
Make workers taking a childcare leave: 13% in 2020 (2.6% in 2011)
Progress Schedule
for Promoting Active Participation by Women
From Government HP
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 10
Contents
1. Diversity & Inclusion in JST
2. Government Growth Strategy --Promoting active participation by women --
3. Women in Science & Technology in Japan
4. Women’s Contribution
to New Products & System
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 11
History of Science and Technology Basic Plan
1st
1996-2000
The plans are determined by Science and Technology Basic Law (1995) 2 steps to draw up the basic plan 1) Council for S&T Policy (CSTP) deliberates the basic policy about S&T 2) Government formulates and decides a basic plan.
2nd
2001-2005 3rd
2006-2010 4th
2011-2015 5th
2016-2020
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 12
The 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan of Japan
Ⅰ. Basic Concept
・The unprecedented crisis in Japan & change in the world
Ⅱ. Realization of Sustainable Growth and Societal
Development into the Future
Ⅲ. Key Challenges to the Priority Issues Facing Japan
Ⅳ. Enhancing Basic Research & Human Resource
Development ・Promoting the active involvement of female researchers
Ⅴ. Development of Policy Created together with Society
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 13
Organization for Promoting S&T in Japan
Science Council of Japan
(SCJ)
Chain: Prof. Ohnishi
210 council members
2000 members
Council for Science &
Technology Policy (CSTP)
Chair: Mr. Abe
6 Cabinet & 8 Executive Members (academia/industry)
Cabinet office
Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & Technology
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Ministry of Environment
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Ministry of Defense
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Council
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 14
Female Ratio in S&T Organizations
Science Council of Japan (SCJ) Council for Science & Technology Policy(CSTP)
36%
20%
14%
23%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Humanitiesand SocialSciences
Life Sciences PhysicalSciences andEngineering
Total
Fem
ale
rati
o
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
Fe
ma
le r
ati
o
Council in Ministry
29% 25% 27%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Fem
ale
rati
o
15 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
Female ration in Committee:13.4%(42/313)
Female ratio in Chair:40%(8/20)← 3 times
Committee Members & Chair at SCJ
・Government decision of female ratio target (22% in FY2015) in the 3rd basic plan
for gender equality on Dec. 17, 2010
・Chairs are chosen by co-optation
Fe
ma
le r
ati
o
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Science & Technology Life Science
◆ Female Committee Chair
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 16
Gender measure affects Economics
GEM in the world
Japan
-35%
-30%
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
General companies Advanced companies
CA
GR
of
pro
fit
(20
07
-20
12
)
General companies
Advanced Companies for Women
activities
-30%
13%
Profit growth rate in Japan
Data by Mr.Atsumi in Fujitsu Res. Inst.
17 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
Japanese Active Women Abroad
Japanese Women have Global-perspective
# of staff at UN & Female ratio Female ration inside/outside Japan
76% 67%
59%
25%
50% 47%
14% 7% 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
High-school University Staff/Researher Senior staff/Prof.
Fem
ale
rati
o
Study abroad/UN
Domestic
56%
47%
48% 51% 59% 39%
54% 15% 41% 53%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
# o
f st
aff
Women
Men
18 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
Female Ratio of undergraduate students
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Fe
ma
le R
ati
o
From School Basic Survey 2013
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 19
GEM & GGI in the world
GEM: Gender Empowerment Measure
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Swed
en
No
rway
Fin
lan
d
Den
mar
k
Net
her
lan
d
Ger
man
y
Can
ada
UK
Fran
ce
USA
Ital
y
Jap
an
Ru
ssia
Ko
rea
Ch
ina
1 2 3 4 5 9 12 15 17 18 21 57 60 61 70
GEM
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Icel
and
No
rway
Fin
lan
d
Swed
en
New
Zea
lan
d
Ger
man
y
UK
USA
Can
ada
Ru
ssia
Fran
ce
Ch
ina
Ital
y
Jap
an
Ko
rea
1 2 3 4 5 13 15 19 20 45 46 61 74 94104
GG
M
GGI: Gender Gap Index
20 Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved.
56.9%
18.9% 18.8%
14.1%
8.0%
5.7% 2.1%
3.5%
14.0%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Female ratio: Target & As Ever
10.6% 11.9% 13.6% 14.4%
16.6%
30.0%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2000年 2005年 2010年 2013年 2020年
予測値
2020年
目標
Change of Female ration in researchers 目標値
Gap 13.4%
GAP from
2020 target(30.0%)
:13.4%
New measures needed
Extension of as ever
: Increase by 2.2%
(Estimated in 2020
:16.6%)
Female ration of
Assoc. Prof.- President
10.6%
Female ratio in
Leading Positions≧30%
New measures
for Leading Positions
needed Leading Position
Fe
ma
le r
ati
o
2020
target 2020
estimated 2013 2010 2005 2000
target
Female Ratio in National Universities
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 21
Contents
1. Diversity & Inclusion in JST
2. Government Growth Strategy --Promoting active participation by women --
3. Women in Science & Technology in Japan
4. Women’s Contribution
to New Products & System
Copyright © 2014 JST All rights reserved. 22
Characteristics of Women’s R&D
Women engineers & scientists are good at ・・・
Consumer friendly
New ideas & concept
Low-carbon
contribution
Communication
We should more contribute to growth of
society in the future.