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Job Analysis & Design
(JAD)Chapter 1 & 2
Introduction
Methods of Job Analysis
Work-Oriented Methods
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Building Blocks of Job Analysis Methods
Kinds ofjob data collected
Methods ofgathering data
Sources of job information
Units ofanalysis-what gets analyzed, including
the level of detail
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Descriptors-Kinds of data collected Organizational philosophy and structure Licensing and other government-mandated requirement Responsibilities Professional standards
Job context Products and services Machines tools, equipment, work aids, and checklists Work performance indicators Personal job demands Elemental motions Workers activities Work activities Workers characteristic requirements Future changes
Critical incidents
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Methods of data collection Observing Interviewing individuals Group interviews
Technical conference Questionnaires Dairies Equipment based methods Reviewing records Reviewing literature Studying equipment design specifications Doing the work
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Sources of job analysis data The job analyst
The jobholders immediate supervisor
A high-level executive or manager
The jobholder
A technical expert such as a chemist or collegeprofessor
An organizational training specialist Clients or customers
Other organizational units
Written documents
Previous job analyses
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Units of analysis
Duties
Tasks
Activities Elemental motions
Job dimensions
Worker characteristics requirements Scales applied to units of work
Scales applied to worker characteristic requirements
Qualitative versus quantitative analysis
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Job analysis methods
Methods of job analysis
Work-oriented methods
Worker-oriented methods Hybrid methods
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Work Oriented Methods
Time and motion study
Functional job analysis (FJA) Department of labor (DOL) method
Fines FJA
Task Inventory
Comprehensive Occupational Data Analysis Program
Work Performance Survey System
Critical incident technique
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Primary Function of Work-Oriented method The primary function of work-oriented job
analysis method is to allow the job analyst to
understand what the worker does in the joband to document and communicate that
understanding.
The four methods differ from each other inachieving the above purpose.
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Time and Motion Study
Evolved from Industrial engineering not from Industrial psychology
Frederick TaylorBrick-layers and physically disabled
workers
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Mostly used in manufacturing and construction industries
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Time and Motion Study
Time Studydiscover the time taken to complete a given task/job Motion Studydiscover the sequence of steps in completing a task
Effectiveness and efficiency are improved through a deliberate
process designed as result of time and motion study.
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Time Study
Work sampling
Standard setting
Stopwatch time study
Predetermined time systems
Industry standard data
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Motion study
Graphs and Flowcharts
Micromotion analysis
Recording techniques
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Functional job analysis (FJA) Functional job analysis (FJA)
Department of labor (DOL) method
Fines FJA
U.S. department of labor DOL was tasked to match
people to the jobs
DOLapart from administrative functions informationconsidered necessary to match people and jobs were:
Description of work
Description of workers qualifications
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Initially each agency compiled information
based on their sources, created own job titles
having own meaning. Lack of common language failed the purpose
First in 1939 Dictionary of Occupational Titles
(DOT 1939) was published Later O*NET (Occupational information
Network) was developed and replaced DOT
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Job Description from DOT
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Fundamental Distinction of FJA
What gets done versus what the worker does
Jobsgoals aims, responsibilitiesbut whatsteps required to accomplish them?
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Worker Functions
FJA based on three aspects of work
Data
People Things
In FJA functions with in data, people, things are
arranged in hierarchy of complexity.
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Sample definitions of worker function
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FJA Job Analysis procedure
Job analyst gathers information
Books , periodicals etc
Flow charts, organizational charts Early job descriptions
From other agencies
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Describing the work
Worker functions (data, people, things)
Work fields
Methods verbs
Machines, tool, equipment and work aids
(MTEWA)
Materials, products, subject matter, andservices (MPSMS)
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FJA Grammar
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Structure of task statement
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Fines FJA
Additional scales
Work involvement
Reasoning development Mathematical development
Language development
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Task Inventories
Comprehensive occupational data program
CODAP
Work performance survey system WPSS
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