IV. Agrarian Response to Economic Change
A. Cheap ____________ and new technology help settle the West and givefarmers a push. (This area of our country is known as the ________ ________
1. _______________ are given grants of land for free.2. Congress passes two laws that help _________________ move west.
a. Homestead Act: This gave ________ acres of land to any farmer who developed it for _______ years.b. Morrill Act: This provided Western States with huge tracks of land with the stipulation that agricultural __________________ would be built on them. This would help teach the farmers of the West the best ways to use the land.
3. The new invention of the ___________ ___________ plow allowed farmers to cultivate the deep routed grassy plains. (Reapers and Combines were other inventions that cultivated the ________ _________ as well)
LandGreat Plains
RailroadsFarmers
1605
colleges
Steel Tipped
Great Plains
B. Farmers are hurt by their dependence on Banks, Merchants, and of course___________________.
1. Farmers depended on banks to give them ____________ (Capital)2. Farmers also borrowed machinery on store credit from merchants (________________)3. The farmers worst enemy though was the __________________. They charged high rates for storage and ___________________ of crops.4. Farmers generally had good crops in the late 1800’s, but _______________ dropped dramatically fro their crops. Many merchants and banks ________________________ (took possession of) on farms.
Railroads
Loans
LaborRailroad
TransportationPrices
***Prices dropped due to overproductionForeclosed
C. The ___________ movement (An agrarian Response)
1. At first the Grange was a social gathering of farmers. By the late 1800’s though, they began to meet to discuss how to combat
decreasing ______________ and increasing ________________ rates.2. The grange developed ____________________. These business would exist on the donations of grange members. These __________________ would build grain elevators and buy farm machinery in bulk for the members of the business.3. Granger Laws were passed by some state Legislatures. These regulated railroad rates. The ________________ _____________ changed its mind on these laws in two landmark cases.
a. ________ v. Illinois : The Supreme Court said that states could set regulatory rates.
b. ___________v. Illinois: The Supreme Court stated that states could not regulate trains that were involved in _____________ commerce
*These two cases demonstrate flexibility in the Constitution through ___________ __________Judicial Review
Granger
Prices RailroadCooperatives
“Coops”
Supreme Court
Munn
Wabash
Interstate
D. Populism (a political response to economic change)
1. Originally, farmers joined ________________ in different sectors of the country.
a. Northern Alliance – 2 million farmers in the Mid and North Westb. Southern Alliance – 3 million farmers of the Southc. Colored Farmers’ National Alliance – 1 million members.
2. In 1892, the Northern and Southern Alliances formed to create the ____________________ Party. 3. The Populist Party Platform consisted of several radical ideas:
a. A __________________ income tax. (The more you __________, the more you _x____________.)b. Government ownership or at least __________________ of ________________.c. Election of __________________ by direct vote of the people rather than state legislatures.d. The use of: … in the state governments
-initiative:
-Referendum:
e. The _____ hour work day (Tried to capture ___________ votes of the Northeast.
Alliances
Populist
Graduated Make Pay in taxes
RegulationRailroads
Senators
Citizens sign petitions to create laws
Citizens vote on laws (like a school budget)More citizen controlOf Government -R
8 Workers
4. The Populists also demanded the __________ coinage of ____________ in order to _______________ the economy. This would ___________ the prices of their crops, while the price of their loans would ______________ the ____________.5. The election of 1896
a. The Populist candidate for President in 1892 was James Weaver who received 22 electoral votes. A good start for a new and third party. (What would you do if you were the head of one of the two major parties?)b. In 1896, both the Democrats and Populists chose __________________ ______________ ____________ as their Presidential candidates. (Cross of Gold speech project)c. ________________ _________________ wins the election as laborers in the Northeast feared inflation and the loss of jobs.
Free SilverInflate raise
Remain Same
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
E. Populists (a _____________ party R) impact the national government by influencing the other major parties to pass the following laws and Amendments.
1. Sixteenth Amendment
2. Seventeenth Amendment:
3. Interstate Commerce Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC):
***Although third parties may not ______ national elections, they do influence the _____________ ______________ and impact the _______________ government.
Third
INCOME TAX
DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS
The government can now regulate the railroads: rates hadTo be posted and fair as per distance and weight.
winMajor Parties National