3Table des matières Table of Contents
Introduction
Santé / Système sanitaire
Sécurité
Hébergement
Transports
Technologie
Services de la Communication et des Medias
Olympisme et Culture
Garanties
Introduction
Medical/Health Services
Security
Accommodation
Transport
Technology
Communications and Media Services
Olympism and Culture
Guarantees
2
4
2612
11
4413
6214
8415
10216
11417
12618
3Volume Introduction 3
Youth will highlight the Istanbul Olympic Games. The vision of the Youthful Games appears as
a challenge in view of the ancient origins of both the Olympics and the city. Yet, it presents
unmistakable opportunities in terms of the spirit of the Games and Istanbul alike. Olympism is
all about young people and Istanbul is vitally young in its population, as well as in outlook.
Despite the apparent paradox, the celebration of the Youthful Games in Istanbul will highlight
the basic consistency between the spirit of the city and the Olympics. It will provide a fresh
insight into modernity compatible with age.
This volume directly addresses the question of whether or not Istanbul can adjust to the
requirements of staging the Olympic Games without undermining the Games or the city itself
in any way. The answer is affirmative. One is almost forced to recall that the whole history of
the city is one of adjustment, but here reason has primacy over history. The answer is
affirmative because careful assessment and planning will minimise, if not eliminate, any
negative impact on Istanbul or on the Games.
Istanbul has sufficient resources to meet the medical and health service requirements of the
Olympic Games. It has 189 hospitals with a total of 33,821 beds, excluding military hospitals.
Of its five university hospitals, that of the Istanbul University is among the earliest founded in
Europe. Based on planned infrastructure and rates of expected occupancy, more than 10,000
hospitals beds will be available to meet any additional needs of the Olympic Games.
The single management structure of the security organisation will ensure a safe environment
for staging the Games. The Istanbul Directorate of Security, attached to the Ministry of the
Interior, has the experience and human resources to ensure efficient and discrete security.
Furthermore, it will deliver these services at no cost to the IOBC, as confirmed by the Minister
of the Interior.
Istanbul’s accommodation capacity exceeds 51,000 rooms at present and, based on
investment trends, this number will grow by around 20 percent by 2008, irrespective of the
outcome of the city’s bid. The IOBC has already booked more than 6,800 hotel rooms. It
continues to negotiate for more rooms and better rates.
As mentioned in the general introduction, traffic presents a problem in Istanbul, but massive
projects are underway to improve the transport infrastructure of the city. The urban rapid
transit system – comprising the Metro, LRT and commuter rail – a rail tunnel crossing under
the Bosphorus and the third ring road serving the city are due for completion before 2008.
Again, these projects are planned and being implemented irrespective of Istanbul’s candidacy.
In analysing and planning to meet the transport needs for the Olympic Games, the IOBC
benefits from the expert advice of a group of professors at the Istanbul Technical University.
Having contributed to the development of the Istanbul Transport Master Plan, the group
provides key advice on arranging for Games-related transport in accord with overall traffic
management of the city.
Istanbul is a city with a well-developed telecommunications infrastructure in a country with
her own national satellite system. Turkey’s third satellite, Eurasiasat 1, which is one of the most
powerful in Europe, is equipped with 32 high-power Ku-band transponders for broadcast via
two fixed beams and two steerable beams. Furthermore, Istanbul’s central location allows for
live coverage of the Games throughout an extensive region. The IOBC itself plans on providing
excellent media services. It has entered into agreements to set up the IPC/MBC in one of the
main Olympic clusters, the Southern Complex, and the Media Village within three kilometres
of the other, the Olympic Park.
Istanbul proposes to put in very hard work to ensure an easy-going celebration of the Games.
After all, spontaneity only comes with preparedness.
11.1 Système sanitaire11.1.1 Données sanitaires11.1.2 Aperçu général du système médical11.1.3 Prise en charge des frais médicaux11.1.4 Qualité de l’air ambiant11.1.5 Qualité de l’eau11.1.6 Moyens mis en place contre les risques d’épidémie11.1.7 Centres hospitaliers universitaires11.1.8 Législation relative à la pratique de la médecine11.2 Dispositions prévues pour les Jeux11.2.1 Plan d’investissements sanitaires11.2.2 Faisabilité des investissements prévus 11.2.3 Coordination des services d’urgence locaux pendant les
Jeux Olympiques11.2.4 Plans d’évacuation et de secours 11.2.5 Laboratoire de contrôle anti-dopage11.2.6 Hôpitaux de la Famille olympique11.2.7 Recrutement, sélection et formation du personnel de santé11.3 Santé des chevaux11.3.1 Maladies infectieuses dans la population équine11.3.2 Dispositions contre les risques épidémiologiques11.3.3 Contrôle des échantillons prélevés
Health System 11.1
Health Data 11.1.1
Medical System in Outline 11.1.2
Management of Medical Expenses 11.1.3
Ambient Air Quality 11.1.4
Water Quality 11.1.5
Resources Against Epidemiological Risks 11.1.6
Teaching Hospitals 11.1.7
Legislation on the Practice of Medicine 11.1.8
Arrangements Envisaged for the Games 11.2
Planned Investment in Healthcare Facilities 11.2.1
Practicability of Planned Investments 11.2.2
Co-Ordination of Emergency Services with the Games 11.2.3
Evacuation and Assistance Plans 11.2.4
Doping Laboratory 11.2.5
Olympic Family Hospitals 11.2.6
Recruitment, Selection and Training 11.2.7
Equine Health 11.3
Infectious Diseases in the Equine Population 11.3.1
Resources Against Epidemiological Risks 11.3.2
Equine Sample Testing 11.3.3
11 Medical/Health ServiceSanté/Système
sanitaire
3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 7
HEALTH SYSTEM
Health data
a. Vital statistics for the past decade
Basic vital statistics for Turkey for the
last decade are provided herewith in
graphic form.
111
1
1
11
1998 15.2 3.1 29.6
1999 14.0 2.7 23.2
Vital statistics (per thousand population)
Birth rate Death rate Infantmortality
Years
Enteritis and other
diarrheal diseases 3.5 4.5 2.4 2.3 1.2 0.1
Malignant neoplasms 27.0 62.8 29.8 61.7 31.9 55.6
Heart diseases 98.6 178.5 111.0 174.9 105.3 159.1
Cerebrovascular diseases 20.0 37.1 16.9 25.8 18.8 22.9
Perinatal mortality 23.1 53.2 19.2 39.2 14.0 23.9
1990Mortality rates forcertain diseases (per 100,000 population)
Such available statistics for Istanbul are as
follows:
b. Morbidity rates for infectious
diseases and mortality rates for
certain diseases
Morbidity rates per 100,000 population
calculated for Turkey and Istanbul over the
past decade for certain infectious diseases
are given below in table form
Years
Amoebicdysentery
Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Turkey Istanbul TurkeyIstanbul
Local Imported
Bacillarydysentery
Typhoid Paratyphoid Hepatitis A Malaria
1990 9.1 0.2 3.2 1.1 17.5 2.1 0.8 0.2 53.3 44.9 N/A 0.3 1.1
1991 11.7 0.6 2.5 0.9 17.3 1.6 1.5 0.1 37.9 30.5 N/A 0.0 1.4
1992 14.4 0.3 2.9 0.9 19.3 1.3 1.1 0.1 28.7 22.6 N/A 0.0 1.5
1993 17.9 0.2 2.6 0.6 23.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 23.8 12.2 N/A 0.0 3.0
1994 26.9 1.2 3.6 1.1 28.3 1.3 1.3 0.1 45.7 17.9 141.3 0.0 6.0
1995 31.7 0.3 4.4 1.5 34.4 1.3 0.8 0.0 41.2 13.0 134.7 0.0 7.5
1996 29.7 0.7 2.4 0.6 43.2 1.1 0.9 0.1 22.8 6.4 98.3 0.0 8.2
1997 25.1 1.0 2.7 0.3 51.1 1.1 2 0.1 24.5 6.8 56.4 0.0 3.3
1998 37.1 1.2 2.3 0.3 48.4 0.6 1.1 0.0 22.4 6.2 57.7 0.0 3.3
1999 36.7 1.2 1.8 0.2 44.6 0.4 1.5 0.1 22.9 6.8 32.3 0.0 1.9
2000* 25.3 0.5 1.2 0.1 30.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 10.3 2.4 15.9 0.0 1.9
The total number of HIV cases reported
from 1985 to the end of June 2000 is 1,067
for Turkey (119 in 1999, 84 in January-June
2000) and 335 for Istanbul (source: Ministry
of Health). The latest UN estimates sets the
ratio of the adult population (aged 15-49)
living with HIV/AIDS in Turkey, whether or
not having developed symptoms of AIDS
and who are alive at the end of 1999, at 0.01
percent (2,500 persons). (Source:
Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV/AIDS
and sexually transmitted infections: 2000
Update, UNAIDS/WHO).
Finally, the latest available data series on
incidence of cancer in Turkey per 100,000
population are as follows:
* Till end-October
Source: Ministry of Health (MoH)
Source: MoH
The following statistics on mortality rates
for certain diseases also provide
information on morbidity trends among the
population of Turkey and Istanbul.
Turkey Istanbul
1994Turkey Istanbul
1997Turkey Istanbul
Source: State Institute of Statistics (SIS)
Source: MoH
3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 9
c. Age distribution
Data on distribution of Turkey’s
population by age groups are shown below in
graph form:
e. Epidemiological problems
Turkey in general and the city of
Istanbul in particular have experienced no
major epidemiological problems over the
past decade.
Medical system in outline
Istanbul shares the nationwide mixed
system of medical services, combining
public and private institutions.
The public medical sector consists of basic
health-care stations and hospitals run by the
Ministry of Health (MoH) on the one hand,
and by the Social Insurance Corporation
(SSK) on the other, along with hospitals
operated by several public institutions, and
the medical faculties of the universities. The
private sector comprises private clinics and
polyclinics, dispensaries, and hospitals.
Preventive and supportive health services
are primarily conducted by the
municipalities, completely free of charge.
At present, the province of Istanbul has
(excluding military health institutions) a total
of 192 hospitals, public and private, with a
total bed capacity of 33,821. Of the present
hospitals, 31 are operated by the MoH and 12
by the SSK; five are university hospitals,
seven are run by other public institutions
and the rest by private bodies, trusts and
minority communities. A total of 160
hospitals, providing 24,104 beds, are
general-purpose. Of the 32 specialised
hospitals, seven are gynaecological
hospitals, six are specialised in cardiology,
thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, three
are psychiatric hospitals, and the remainder
consists of various branches. Overall, 119
hospitals in Istanbul have emergency
The latest age distribution data available
for Istanbul is are follows:
1990 29.7 66.5 3.8
1997 26.5 68.2 5.3
Istanbul
0-14 % 15-64 % 65+ %Years
d. Hospitalisation rate
The latest available statistics for
hospitalisation rates per 100,000 population
in Turkey are provided in graph form.
The steady increase in the hospitalisation
rate (both outpatient and inpatient)
signifies the improved access to hospital
facilities and the widening practice of
seeking professional healthcare.
1
2
11
Source: SIS
Source: SIS
3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 11
services and operate a total of 162
ambulances for emergency hospitalisation.
Three military hospitals in Istanbul, each
complete with all medical specialties and
emergency services, provide a total of
2,220 beds.
The Istanbul University has one of the oldest
medical schools in Europe, and its hospitals
are equipped to perform all kinds of surgical
operations (including transplants). For a
detailed list of departments of Istanbul’s
teaching hospitals, please refer to paragraph
11.1.7, below.
In addition, the MoH operates a total of 213
basic health-care stations, 19 neighbourhood
polyclinics, and 34 mother-and-child care
centres throughout the province of Istanbul.
The province has a total of 25 tuberculosis
dispensaries and 24 general-purpose
dispensaries run by the SSK. Polyclinics
operated by private bodies number 186
throughout the province. The Red Crescent
also operates a total of 20 polyclinics.
Geographical distribution of Istanbul’s
hospitals, basic health-care stations, and
private polyclinics, in terms of their
proximity to various olympic sites, are
shown in table form.
Publichospitals
AreaPrivate
hospitals
Basichealth-care
stations
Privatepolyclinics
Main Competition Sites (Olympic
Parc & the Southern Complex) 10 58 69 55
ENKA (‹stinye) 3 - 6 4
Klassis Equestrian Club (Silivri) 2 4 30 15
Main Hotel Area-1/Taksim 8 22 13 35
Main Hotel Area-2/Old City 10 14 8 15
Asian side of the city 25 36 87 62
TOTAL 58 134 213 186
Istanbul’s hospitals serve their patients with
a total of 22 magnetic resonance (MR)
imagers, 60 computerised tomographers,
65 Doppler ultrasound systems, and 23
three-dimensional USG systems.
Furthermore, 214 private radiological
laboratories and 20 nuclear medicine
centres are currently operational in the city.
There are two public emergency first aid and
rescue systems operating in Istanbul, one
controlled by the MoH, and the other by the
Greater Istanbul Municipality. Both services
are supported by a network of 37
emergency stations and equipped with total
of 49 ambulances. All are located at
convenient sites throughout the city. Upon
call-out, such stations immediately dispatch
one or more fully staffed and equipped
ambulances to the incident site. If on the
spot treatment proves impractical, the
patients – at the discretion of the authorised
staff – are swiftly transported either to the
respective emergency station, to a trauma
and emergency surgery centre or to the
nearest private or public hospital providing
an emergency service.
Each emergency station houses a box
polyclinic and two resuscitation units, with a
staff of five physicians and sufficient nurses
to provide procedures such as ECG
monitoring, tracheotomy, blood transfusion,
etc. In addition, trauma and emergency
surgery centres provide 20 beds, two
resuscitation rooms, and two operating
theatres.
Further to these facilities, a dozen of the
private emergency first-aid services in
Istanbul operate a total of 53 ambulances.
In summation, the number of ambulances
serving the population of Istanbul is 264.
The total number of physicians employed
in Istanbul’s 192 currently operating
hospitals is 11,580, of whom 7,451 are
specialists and the remainder general
practitioners. University hospitals employ
2,346 physicians (1,399 specialists), and
the other 21 teaching hospitals are served
by 5,118 physicians (2,324 specialists.)
Further to this, the total number of
physicians working in Istanbul, including
those running their own private clinics or
who are employed in public or private
polyclinics, is 15,907, of whom 8,797 are
specialists.
3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 13
Overall, in Istanbul there is one physician
for every 648 persons living in the province,
against a national average of 907 persons.
In addition, a total of 4,157 medical dentists
work in the province. Other health
personnel employed in Istanbul are as
follows: 9,777 registered nurses, 2,952
sanitarians, and 3,096 midwifes.
Management of medical
expenses
Public funding of medical care is
provided throughout Turkey by three social
security organisations, each guaranteeing
free medical consultation and treatment
for their respective premium-paying
members in authorised public institutions.
When necessary, they compensate any
medical expenses incurred elsewhere.
These three social security organisations are:
● The Turkish Pension Fund (Emekli
Sand›¤› - ES), compulsory pension
and health insurance system for civil
service employees and their
dependents;
●the above-mentioned SSK, the
counterpart of the ES for private
sector employees; and
●the Social Insurance Corporation for
the Self-employed (Ba¤-Kur), a
voluntary savings bank for self-
employed persons.
The resources of the ES and SSK also
include compulsory contributions from the
government and private sector employers.
Finally, in state-run hospitals there is a
"green card" scheme which provides
completely free-of-charge medical care for
card-holding persons certified by competent
authorities to live below a certain "poverty
line" and who are not covered by any of the
three social security organisations.
Istanbul leads the whole country in the
extent of coverage provided by the voluntary
individual health insurance network.
At present, Turkey has bilateral health
coverage agreements with five European
countries; Austria, Belgium, France,
Germany, and the Netherlands. Such
agreements ensure citizens of these
countries who hold valid health coverage
policies from their national social security
institutions equal access with Turkish
citizens to free-of-charge healthcare
services in hospitals of the SSK.
In general, visiting foreigners whose private
health insurance policies cover risks
occurred in other countries are entitled to
benefit from free-of-charge medical care
during their visit to Turkey, generally by way
of reimbursement and subject to respective
policy clauses. Payments to private clinics
and hospitals can sometimes be refunded
immediately, though reimbursement can be
slower, depending on the individual’s
insurance coverage.
If the 2008 Olympic Games are held in
Istanbul, all accredited Olympic Family
members will have free access to all forms
of health services available in the country
and the cost will be covered by the Istanbul
OCOG throughout the period of the Games.
The insurance plan will include indemnity
for death and disablement caused by an
accident, and will also cover spectators,
provided that they hold valid tickets for the
day the accident occurred.
Ambient air quality
Istanbul’s air quality is monitored by
means of ten mobile ISO 9001 registered
analysers.
Data compiled by these analysers on the
average concentration of five basic types
of air pollutants in Istanbul for the month
of July (the proposed period of the Games)
over the last five years are provided below
in table form. There were no significant
differences in air pollution data observed
between different parts of Istanbul or
Olympic sub-sites during the period
proposed for the 2008 Olympic Games.
1
3
11
1
4
11
SO2 concentration (µg/m3) Particulate matter
Testing method: concentration (µg/m3)
July UV fluorescent (automatic) Testing method:
Long term limit value: Beta gauge (automatic)
150 µg/m3 Long term limit value:
150 µg/m3
Monthly Min Max Monthly Min Max
average average
1996 18 6 49 37 14 83
1997 11 2 30 23 2 100
1998 12 3 33 50 33 92
1999 7 2 27 48 32 71
2000 20 2 63 64 26 148
3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 15
For sulphur dioxide, particulate matter,
ozone, and carbon monoxide, maximum
levels of concentration observed during
the month of July have all remained below
respective long term limit values set by the
World Health Organisation. The maximum
level exceeded the long-term limit value in
the case of nitrogen dioxide in July 1998
(for nine days) and July 1999 (for three
days), but still remained below the short-
term limit value (300 µg/m3).
O3 concentration NO2 concentration CO concentration
(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
Testing method: Testing method: Testing method:
UV photometry Chemoluminescence IR absorption
(automatic) (automatic) (automatic)
Long term limit Long term limit Long term limit
value: 150 µg/m3 value: 150 µg/m3 value: 150 µg/m3
Monthly Min Max Monthly Min Max Monthly Min Max
average average average
1996 46 27 69 43 21 92 22 20 656
1997 34 16 53 47 24 78 350 310 375
1998 n/a n/a n/a 89 58 158 608 240 1052
1999 24 8 49 56 26 163 391 256 553
2000 n/a n/a n/a 51 20 85 1178 21 3092
Source: Department of Environmental Protection of the Greater Istanbul Municipality
July
Water quality
Water quality data from two major
reservoirs in Istanbul (the Ka¤›thane and
Büyük Çekmece reservoirs) for the past
five years is included in the accompanying
table. Indicators confirm that Istanbul’s
drinking (tap) water is of good quality.
Decreasing levels of free chloride (from 2
mg/l for Ka¤›thane and 2.5 mg/l for Büyük
Çekmece in 1995 to 1 mg/l for both
reservoirs in 2000) reflects a shift from
chlorination, conducted by the Water and
Sewage Authority as a method of
disinfecting water, to more advanced
methods such as ozonification.
1
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Analysis performed Sampling point: Ka¤›thane Sampling point: Büyük Çekmece
1995 2000 1995 2000
Physical analyses
pH 7.02 7.38 7.37 7.77
Turbidity NTU 1.56 0.91 1.28 0.99
Conductivity umho/cm 464 350 743 605
T. Free Chloride mg/l 2.00 1.00 2.50 1.00
Colour mg/l Pt 5.0 2.5 2.5 2.5
Chemical analyses
T. Hardness mg/l CaCO3 174 148 232 204
P. Alkalinity mg/l CaCO3 0 0 0 0
M. Alkalinity mg/l CaCO3 93 104 130 107
T. Alkalinity mg/l CaCO3 93 104 130 107
Bicarbonate mg/l 113 127 159 131
Sulfate mg/l 70 37 90 94
Chloride mg/l 64 35 128 85
Ammonia-N mg/l 0.00 <0.05 0.00 <0.05
Nitrate mg/l 1.7 0.8 <0.05 <0.5
Calcium mg/l 55.2 43.2 68.0 49.6
Magnesium mg/l 8.7 9.7 15.1 19.4
T.Iron mg/l 0.06 <0.04 0.05 <0.04
T. Organic matter mg/l 02 3.2 2.5 4.1 2.4
Bacteriological analysis
T.ColBacteria MPN/100ml 0 0 0 0
Source: Istanbul Water and Sewage Authority attached to the Greater Istanbul Municipality
Resources against
epidemiological risks
Current Turkish legislation prescribes
that all the necessary resources required to
counter epidemiological risks and incidents
be mobilised via the Special Fund of the
MoH, upon the decision of the relevant
gubernatorial Board of Public Health.
Responsibility for controlling
epidemiological risks rests with the
provincial administrations of the Ministries
of Health, Industrial Relations, Public Works
and Settlement, National Defence, and
Communications, the municipalities of each
locality, and the elected headpersons of
neighbourhoods, under the co-ordination of
the Office of the Governor. The Ministry of
Agriculture is responsible for the control of
imported foodstuffs that might carry
epidemics. In addition, the Foreign Ministry
is entrusted with the responsibility for
monitoring risks emanating from foreign
countries, and for taking necessary action
vis à vis such countries.
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3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 17
To control basic epidemiological risks, the
MoH provides nationwide free-of-charge
vaccination of school children against
tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria, whooping
cough, tetanus, polio, and hepatitis-B. Over
the past two years, no single case of polio was
reported in the country. The MoH also applies
active surveillance of malaria cases, which
has resulted in an impressive decline in the
incidence of malaria over the five past years
(see paragraph 11.1. above), and nationwide
scanning of tuberculosis. Disinfection of all
drinking (tap) water resources and regular
examination of foodstuffs served in eating
and drinking places by local government
bodies, under the supervision of the MoH,
helps reduce the risk of epidemics
transmitted by ingestion. All persons
employed in food manufacturing and food
service industries pass through regular
medical examinations four times a year.
Teaching hospitals
A list of Istanbul's teaching hospitals
and their existing medical departments is
provided herewith in table form.
The hospitals of Istanbul and Marmara
universities have sports medicine and
sports physiology departments, and both
universities also run schools of Physical
Education and Sports. In neighbouring
provinces, the Uluda¤ University hospital in
Bursa has a sports medicine department,
and the Abant ‹zzet Baysal University in
Bolu has a School of Physical Education and
Sports as well as a department of sports
physiology.
Besides the above-mentioned teaching
hospitals, the Florence Nightingale
1
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Gen
eral
su
rger
y
Inte
rnal
dis
ease
s
Gyn
aeco
log
y
Paed
iatr
ics
ENT
Op
hth
alm
olo
gy
Ort
ho
pae
dic
s -
Trau
mat
olo
gy
Neu
rosu
rger
y
Uro
log
y
Neu
rolo
gy
Der
mat
olo
gic
al a
nd
ven
erea
l d
is.
Res
pir
ato
ry d
isea
ses
Infe
ctio
us
dis
ease
s
Ph
ysio
ther
apy
and
reh
abili
tati
on
Pla
stic
su
rger
y
Psy
chia
try
Car
dio
log
y
Car
dio
vasc
ula
r su
rger
y
Tho
raci
c su
rger
y
Paed
iatr
ic s
urg
ery
Res
usc
itat
ion
On
colo
gy
Gas
tro
ente
rolo
gy
Hae
mo
dia
lysi
s
Rad
ioth
erap
y
Den
tal
surg
ery
Nep
hro
log
y
Med
ical
eco
log
y
Ph
arm
aco
log
y
Un
der
wat
er m
edic
ine
Alg
olo
gy
Emer
gen
cy s
ervi
ces
Den
tist
ry
Bak›rköy Gynecological H. (SSK)
Bak›rköy Psychiatric Hospital
Cardiological Institute of Istanbul Univ.
Cerrahpafla University Hospital
Dr. Lütfi K›rdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital
Dr. Sadi Konuk Bak›rköy Hospital
Erenköy Hospital
Göztepe Hospital (SSK)
Gureba Foundation Hospital
Haseki Hospital
Haydarpafla Numune Hospital
Institute of Oncology of Istanbul Univ.
Istanbul Hospital (SSK)
Istanbul University Hospital
Kofluyolu Cardiac Research Hospital
Marmara University Hospital
Okmeydan› Hospital (SSK)
Prof Dr. N. Reflat Belger Beyo¤lu Hospital
S. Ersek H. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular
Sanatorium of Halki (Heybeliada)
Süleymaniye Gynaecological Hospital
Süreyyapafla Sanatorium (SSK)
fiiflli Etfal Hospital
Taksim Hospital
Yedikule Thoracic Surgery Hospital
Z. Kamil Gynaecological and Children's H.
3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 19
Hospital, the International Hospital, and
the Ac›badem Hospital in Kad›köy (all three
private institutions proposed as Olympic
Family hospitals) also operate sports
medicine departments.
Legislation on the practice of
medicine
The practice of medicine in Turkey is
regulated by several laws, and by more
than 30 specific regulations and statutes.
This body of legislation requires that any
medical practitioner must have
successfully completed a six-year term of
basic medical education at authorised
Turkish faculties of medicine (or at
faculties abroad recognised as equivalents
by the Turkish MoH), and hold a diploma
certifying this. In order for any such
practitioner to qualify as a specialist in a
particular field of medicine they must pass
an extremely competitive Examination for
the Selection of Candidates for Medical
Specialisation, before undergoing
specialist training in their respective field.
Physicians who remain in general practice
serve primarily in the first (basic) tier of
medical institutions attached to the
Ministries of Health and Industrial
Relations and other public agencies, or in
private health institutions and health
services. The majority of specialists, on the
other hand, are employed in public and
private hospitals and polyclinics, while a
considerable number run their own private
clinics. Training and certification in
paramedical disciplines, such as pharmacy,
dentistry, physiotherapy, medical
attendance, health management and
health technology are provided at separate
faculties or at colleges affiliated with
faculties of medicine.
In the event that Istanbul hosts the 2008
Olympic Games, all medical personnel
accompanying national teams will be
provided work permits allowing them to
fulfil their Olympic functions in Turkey for
the duration of the Games. For a guarantee
to this effect from the Minister of the
Interior of Turkey, please refer to Theme 18,
Ref. 18.7.
ARRANGEMENTS
ENVISAGED FOR THE
GAMES
Planned investment in
healthcare facilities
The MoH’s currently ongoing projects
will provide Istanbul in the coming years
with 22 new hospitals, with a total bed
capacity of 2,860.
Turkey’s Eighth Five-Year Development
Plan for the period 2001 – 2005, prepared
by the State Planning Organisation and
granted the force of law by a ruling of the
Grand National Assembly in June 2000,
has set the target of a nationwide annual
increase of 1.6 percent in the number of
hospital beds available per 10,000 of the
population for the duration of the plan’s
being in force.
This national target sets a minimum for
Istanbul’s plans for investment in
healthcare facilities. Mere compliance with
such a target will increase the number of
hospital beds in Istanbul to 42,679 in 2005
and to 48,170 in 2008, the year of the
Games. The MoH forecasts that the rate of
hospital bed occupancy will increase from
60 percent in 2000 to 75 percent in 2005,
which implies by extrapolation an
occupancy rate of 79 percent in 2008.
Thus, the achievement of the target of
48,170 beds by the Games year will enable
the city to more than amply guarantee the
medical needs of its Olympic guests.
Tentatively, a daily average of 10,116 non-
occupied hospital beds will be available
during the Games to meet any increased
demand for inpatient treatment.
With relation to the above it is considered
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that, should Istanbul be chosen to host the
Games, no additional investment in health
facilities would be needed for this specific
purpose.
Practicability of planned
investments
For a guarantee that the plans
described in paragraph 11.2.1 for
investments in healthcare facilities in
Istanbul are both fully practicable and
compatible with the harmonious
development of the city, the region of
Marmara where the city is located, and the
country as a whole, please refer to theme
18, ref. 18.21.
Co-ordination of local
emergency services with the
Olympic Games
Istanbul’s usual emergency first-aid
and rescue systems described under
paragraph 11.1.2 above is totally compatible
with the health-related arrangements the
IOBC envisages for the Games period. A
Medical Co-ordination Centre located at
the Olympic Park will be in charge of
controlling first aid, transport and
emergency services for all venues. This
important task will be backed up by
personnel to be recruited and trained by
the Istanbul OCOG’s Medical Department
during the years leading up to the Games
period (see paragraph 11.2.7 below).
Evacuation and assistance
plans
Istanbul’s existing natural disaster
management plans put rescue, evacuation
and assistance operations under the
exclusive responsibility of a Disaster
Management Centre (DMC) headed by the
Governor of Istanbul. The DMC ensures
undivided command and co-ordination of
the resources of local departments of the
central government, the local government
bodies (the Greater Istanbul Municipality
and suburban municipalities), the armed
forces, the civil defence corps, the Red
Crescent, the Coast Security and Ship
Rescue Operations Authority, and Turk
Telekom (telecommunications company).
National disaster management plans, on
the other hand, arranges for the transfer of
all the resources and capabilities of 19
provinces in the Marmara and Aegean
regions to the command of the DMC in case
of a disaster in Istanbul.
The civil defence corps in Istanbul
currently has a reserve of 6,044 workers,
including both civil servants and
volunteers, trained for emergency
evacuation and rescue tasks. In case of a
natural disaster in Istanbul, exclusive
control of Turkey’s INMARSAT satellite
communication facilities will pass to the
DMC and the civil defence corps,
guaranteeing uninterrupted communications
with the outer world.
The Provincial Directorate of Health
assumes major responsibilities for the
operations of the DMC through its
emergency assistance service groups. Its
First Aid and Rescue Service is already
equipped to deploy:
● one first-aid and rescue
ambulance team for every 30,000
population in a stricken region,
● discovery ambulance teams
charged with identifying communities
worst affected by the disaster and
ensuring the most effective use of
resources,
●and triage teams assigned to
form triage areas wherever there is
more than five disaster victims, with
a view to setting priorities that would
maximise the number of survivors.
Plans envisage that field hospitals will be
operational immediately after the disaster
for emergency care, and start providing
other inpatient treatment services on the
second day of the disaster. Field hospitals
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will remain operational at least until the
erection of prefabricated hospitals and will
continue thereafter if so needed.
Another service to assume critical
responsibilities in case of a natural disaster
in Istanbul is the Fire Brigades Department,
whose command will pass in such a case
from the Greater Istanbul Municipality to
the DMC. The Department already controls
60 search, rescue and evacuation squads
with a total of 5,112 staff.
In addition, a total of 88 similar squads
with 4,186 workers, controlled by various
other branches of the Greater Istanbul
Municipality, will be placed under the
command of the DMC in case of a natural
disaster.
In the event of a natural disaster during the
2008 Istanbul Olympic Games, no change
will occur in the above-described chain of
command. The Medical Co-ordination
Centre to be set up at the Olympic Park
(see paragraph 11.2.3 above) will also come
under the command of the DMC. Volunteer
staff specifically recruited and trained by
the Medical Department of the Istanbul
OCOG to take part in medical services at
the Games venues will considerably add to
the human resources available for rescue,
evacuation and assistance operations.
Doping laboratory
The Turkish Doping Control Centre
(TDCC), founded in 1989, expects to soon
receive full IOC-accreditation for its
laboratory in Ankara. The TDCC has
received temporary accreditation from the
IOC for conducting doping controls at the
34th World Freestyle Wrestling
Championship held in Ankara in October
1999, and applied for full IOC accreditation
after this event. To date, it has proved
totally successful in the analyses of two
sets of pre-accreditation control samples,
and has also started preparations for
obtaining ISO guide 17025 accreditation.
The TDCC is affiliated with the Hacettepe
University in Ankara, and was designated
by a government regulation in 1993 as the
national authority entitled to perform in-
and out-of-competition doping control
analyses. This regulation also established
procedures for the training and
certification of independent sampling
officials.
The IOBC bases its plans for doping control
during the 2008 Istanbul Olympic Games
on the expectation that the TDCC will be
accorded full IOC-accreditation in the near
future. In such a case, special
arrangements will be made for the
convenient transfer of doping control
samples from the Olympic sites in Istanbul
to the TDCC’s laboratory in Ankara (at a
distance of 450 kilometres, one hour by
air). The laboratory will have a capacity to
analyse up to 600 samples a day, or 3,000
samples over the Games period, and will be
staffed by the necessary personnel,
including co-ordinators, analysts,
technicians, and escorts.
Olympic Family hospitals
The Istanbul International Hospital
(155 beds), the Ac›badem Carousel Hospital
(100 beds), the American Hospital (150
beds), the Florence Nightingale Hospital
(233 beds) and the German Hospital (289
beds) on the European side of the city will
serve the Olympic Family. The same service
will be provided by the Marmara University
Hospital (450 beds) and the Ac›badem
Hospital (150 beds) on the Asian side of the
city. The distances between these hospitals
and the village site of Halkal› are as follows:
2
6
11
Olympic Villages
Olympic Family hospitals
Ac›badem Carousel Hospital 14 15
Ac›badem Hospital (Kad›köy) 40 30
American Hospital 27 25
Florence Nightingale 25 20
German Hospital 29 25
Istanbul International 16 15
Marmara University Hospital 36 30
km min
2
5
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3 11Volume Medical/Health Services 25
Recruitment, selection and
training of health personnel
For the recruitment, selection and
training of the personnel necessary for
Olympic health services, the Istanbul OCOG
will conduct a joint programme uniting the
efforts of several interested bodies under
the co-ordination of its Medical
Department. These bodies will include the
Medical Commission of the NOC of Turkey,
the Turkish Association of Sports Medicine,
the Turkish Association of Sport Sciences,
the Sports Health Branch of the Turkish
Medical Association, and the General
Directorate of Youth and Sports.
These bodies have been co-operating
continuously for the past 12 years in
organising a series of courses for recruiting
medical personnel with respect to sports
health. To date, following 14 such courses,
around 750 health personnel have received
certificates of attendance. The latest in the
series was held in Ankara on 4-6 December
2000, with the participation of all the
medical staff employed by the General
Directorate of Youth and Sports. Staged
under the title of "Organisational Aspects
of Sports Health", it was first of its kind in
content.
In consideration of the great interest shown
by health-related personnel in taking part in
Istanbul’s preparations for hosting the
Olympics, final selection for the Games will
be made according to applicants’
backgrounds. Definite orientation
programmes will be organised for selected
staff before the Games.
EQUINE HEALTH
Infectious diseases in the
local equine population
During the past five years, no
epidemic of infectious diseases has
occurred in Turkey’s equine population, and
epidemiological risks are kept strictly under
control. Only one horse was infected with
glanders in Rize (northern Turkey) in 1998,
and one with anthrax in ‹zmir (western
Turkey) in 1997; neither disease is endemic
in the country.
Resources against
epidemiological risks
Nationwide, the General Directorate of
Prevention and Control, attached to the
Ministry of Agriculture, is responsible for
controlling epidemiological risks in the
veterinary field. Locally, the Animal Health
Division of the Provincial Directorate of
Agriculture is assigned the task of
implementing and following up the
measures decided by the General
Directorate to combat epidemics.
The Veterinary Control and Research
Institute in Pendik, an eastern district of
Istanbul, supplies diagnosis, analysis, and
specialist assistance services to the wider
region under the direction of the Ministry of
Agriculture. There are several similar
research and control centres throughout
the country.
Equine sample testing
The Turkish Doping Control Centre
described above (paragraph 11.2.5) also
performs equine sample testing. In the
event that Istanbul hosts the 2008 Olympic
Games, it will conduct equine sample
testing in accordance with the F.E.I.
regulations.
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Risks From Activist Minorities 12.1
Crime Rates 12.2
Security Organisations 12.3
Available Human Resources 12.4
Human Resources 12.5
Possible Use of the Armed Forces 12.6
Single Management Structure 12.7
Public Security Services at No Cost to the OCOG 12.8
Possible Modification of Legislation 12.9
Involvement of the Intelligence Service 12.10
Use of Territorial Waters and Air Space 12.11
Government Guarantee 12.12
No Regional Governmental Authority 12.13
OCOG Security Department 12.14
Organisational Charts 12.15
Risk Analysis 12.16
Experience of Security Organisations 12.17
12.1 Risques émanants des minorités activistes et des terroristes12.2 Taux de criminalité12.3 Organisations responsables de la sécurité olympique12.4 Ressources humaines disponibles12.5 Ressources humaines12.6 Possibilité d’utilisation des Forces Armées12.7 Structure directionnelle unique12.8 Services de la sécurité publique gratuits pour le COJO12.9 Modifications possibles de la législation12.10 Rôle du Service des Renseignements 12.11 Contrôle de l’espace aérien et des eaux territoriales12.12 Garantie du Gouvernement 12.13 Absence d’autorité gouvernementale régionale12.14 Département de sécurité du COJO12.15 Organisation de la sécurité olympique 12.16 Analyse des risques12.17 Expérience des organisations de la sécurité
12 SecuritySécurité
● Marine security,
● Closed-circuit monitoring,
● Riot policing, and
● Airspace control.
■ The Transport and Protection Depart-
ment will conduct the functions of:
● VIP protection (a highly controlled
environment, close protection
guards at lodging places, compe-
titions, etc.),
● Risk team/media protection,
● Ports of entry monitoring, and
● Traffic (monitoring of parking sites
and land routes).
CRIME RATES
Crime statistics for the whole of
Turkey and for Istanbul over the past ten
years are provided below in table form.
3 12Volume Security 29
RISKS FROM ACTIVIST
MINORITIES OR TERRORIST
GROUPS
According to the Ministry of the
Interior, the potential risks that terrorist
organisations in Turkey (especially, the
separatist organisation the "PKK") pose to
the peaceful celebration of Olympic Games
in Istanbul is neither greater nor smaller
than those they or other international
groups (such as ETA, the IRA or HAMAS)
pose to any other event of such size in any
other country. The Ministry’s analysts
further stress that, in the particular case of
the PKK and other groups active in
Turkey’s region, Istanbul and Turkey have
the advantage of security and intelligence
resources best experienced and adapted to
contain and combat such organisations.
The high capability of the Turkish security
organisation in this respect has been
proven over recent years by the decisive
defeat of separatist terrorism in the
country.
Three security departments, each headed
by a deputy-chair of the Olympic Security
Co-ordination Centre, will share
responsibility for the prevention of
terrorist action by international groups
during the Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games.
■ The Intelligence and Anti-Terrorism
Department will conduct the functions of:
● Intelligence (identification of
potential threats from, and cap-
abilities of, international groups;
specific intelligence and risk
assessments of participating indi-
viduals and teams),
● Bomb management (a detailed
schedule of searches, security
screening, explosive detection dogs,
clearance diving), and
● Emergency action.
■ The Security Services Department will
be responsible for:
● Olympic Park and Villages security
(including supervision of construc-
tion stages),
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212
Years
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Traffic offences
Qty Per
100,000
114,028 203
139,159 244
169,168 292
206,243 351
231,743 388
292,962 481
344,130 556
389,219 619
442,985 694
441,445 681
Vice
Qty Per
100,000
96,163 171
97,064 170
111,835 193
185,662 316
200,181 335
229,513 376
291,662 471
304,147 484
304,114 476
280,554 433
Crimes against
the state
Qty Per
100,000
2,265 4
3,186 6
4,235 7
8,238 14
9,179 15
9,932 16
11,186 18
14,509 23
12,218 19
11,614 18
Smuggling
Qty Per
100,000
7,831 14
7,611 13
9,180 16
9,177 16
11,085 19
9,842 16
11,179 18
13,080 21
14,071 22
13,608 21
Total
Qty Per
100,000
220,287 392
247,020 433
294,418 508
409,320 696
452,188 757
542,249 889
658,157 1063
720,955 1,146
773,388 1,211
747,221 1,153
Years
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000*
Traffic offences
Qty Per
100,000
31,372 436
37,206 502
45,554 590
58,852 733
74,743 896
110,548 1,277
140,601 1,566
160,097 1,720
175,208 1,818
164,027 1,644
154,196 1,495
Vice
Qty Per
100,000
15,598 217
15,264 206
17,382 225
32,020 399
45,011 540
96,164 1,111
115,718 1,289
121,152 1,302
110,918 1,151
86,818 870
75,838 735
Crimes against
the state
Qty Per
100,000
654 9
977 13
1,079 14
1,339 17
1,135 14
1,444 17
1,320 15
832 9
643 7
744 7
441 4
Smuggling
Qty Per
100,000
684 10
645 9
969 13
1,482 18
1,388 17
1,275 15
1,865 21
2,059 22
2,361 24
2,783 28
2,045 20
Total
Qty Per
100,000
48,308 671
54,092 730
64,984 842
93,693 1,167
122,277 1,466
209,431 2,419
259,504 2,890
284,140 3,053
289,130 3,000
254,372 2,550
232,520 2,254
TURKEY
ISTANBUL
*To the end of November
3 12Volume Security 31
The figures attest to Istanbul’s being
ranked amongst the safest metropolises of
the world, with major incident rates of vice
per 100,000 population remaining at
significantly lower levels than other large
cities, as seen below:
ORGANISATIONS
RESPONSIBLE FOR
OLYMPIC SECURITY
The ultimate responsibility for
security during the Istanbul 2008 Games
will lie with the Istanbul Directorate of
Security (IDS), the provincial branch of the
National Police attached to the Ministry of
the Interior.
The IDS is placed by law under the
exclusive authority of the Governor of
Istanbul, who will hold office as a vice-
chairperson of the Istanbul OCOG in case
the city is awarded the Olympic Games (see
paragraph 2.2.2 above under Theme 2).
The Governor of Istanbul also commands
the local contingent of the Gendarmerie,
responsible for security in non-urban areas
of the province of Istanbul, and of the
Coastguard, which works in co-operation
with the Marine Police force, itself a branch
of the National Police.
In cities other than Istanbul where
preliminary football events will take place
(Bursa, Izmir and Kocaeli), respective
gubernatorial offices will assume the
ultimate responsibility for security
arrangements.
The municipal police, responsible for the
provision of community services, will also
assume responsibility for security
arrangements during the Istanbul Olympic
Games.
Finally, the Istanbul OCOG will assume
responsibility of routine internal security
measures on the Olympic sites, basically
the accreditation for back of house areas,
ticketing and vehicle permits. The IOBC
envisages that private security
organisations will play no part in the chain
of responsibility and command in the
provision of security during the 2008
Istanbul Olympic Games.
AVAILABLE HUMAN
RESOURCES
As of December 2000, the IDS
consisted of 26,060 commissioned officers
and 4,034 riot police officers. In other
provinces of the Marmara Region,
commissioned officers total 16,125, and riot
police officers 1,546. Existing plans for co-
operation between the IDS and the Armed
Forces also provide for assignment of
contingents of military personnel to
emergency security tasks, in numbers
specified for each district of Istanbul.
In addition:
■ The civil defence corps in Istanbul
currently has a reserve of 6,044
workers, including both civil servants
and volunteers, trained for emergency
services.
■ The Fire Brigades Department of the
Greater Istanbul Municipality already
controls 60 search, rescue and
evacuation squads with a total of 5,112
workers.
■ Various other branches of the Greater
Istanbul Municipality control a total of 88
similar squads with 4,186 workers.
Incidents Per 100,000 population
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000*
Murder and manslaughter 5 4 4 4 4 8
Indecent assault 2 3 3 3 1 2
Battery 31 68 75 59 41 31
Injury 41 54 57 57 45 80
Robbery 9 9 7 7 5 3
Theft 775 811 850 732 563 362
* To the end of November
312 412
3 12Volume Security 33
HUMAN RESOURCES TO BE
USED FOR OLYMPIC
SECURITY
The IDS estimates that around 17,000
personnel will be employed in the
operational implementation of security
during the Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games.
Its plans involve a limited transfer of police
force members to the Olympic territory
from other provinces or regions.
In case Istanbul is awarded the 2008
Games, the IDS’s Police Training Centre at
Florya will be assigned the task of
graduating, over the six-year lead up to the
Games, 9,000 "Olympic officers". It will
also allocate its resources for the training
of the OCOG personnel and Olympic
volunteers in security matters.
POSSIBLE USE OF THE
ARMED FORCES
The use of the resources of the
Armed Forces for ensuring Olympic
security will rest completely at the
discretion of the Governor of Istanbul, who
is authorised by law to resort to such use
whenever expedient. As explained above
under paragraph 12.3, local branches of the
Gendarmerie and the Coast Guard, though
both parts of the Armed Forces, function
under the Governor’s exclusive direction.
The Governor may also demand, at any
time, the contribution of the Air Force to
ensure airspace security.
SINGLE MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURE
Single management structure in
security arrangements is an inviolable rule
in the public security system operational in
Turkey. Several safety functions, which
may in other systems be the responsibility
of separate bodies, are all regulated in the
Turkish model by departments of the
General Directorate of Security (National
Police) under the Ministry of the Interior.
In its capacity as the highest single
authority in Olympic security, the IDS will
hold unrestricted command of all human
and technical resources allocated for such
security arrangements, whatever their
provenance. Such command will be
applicable with no functional or territorial
restrictions with respect to any matter
related to the security of the Olympic
Games.
The IDS’s several departments will be co-
ordinated with the Istanbul OCOG, the
municipal authorities, and other public
bodies. This co-ordination will be provided
by an Olympic Security Co-ordination
Centre, to be established at the
gubernatorial level, consisting of officials
from the police departments of state
security, anti-terrorist action, intelligence,
protection and surveillance, tourist police,
vice and crime, traffic control, logistics and
communication. The Coast Guard, the
Greater Istanbul Municipality, the National
Intelligence Organisation attached to the
Office of the Prime Minister, and the OCOG
will also be represented at the Security Co-
ordination Centre.
PUBLIC SECURITY
SERVICES AT NO COST TO
THE OCOG
All Olympic security services
undertaken by public authorities will be
provided at no cost to the Istanbul OCOG.
POSSIBLE MODIFICATION
OF LEGISLATION OR
PROCEDURES
At present, the IOBC maintains that
no modification to existing legislation and
regulations is required to enhance
Istanbul’s capabilities to achieve a security
512
612
812
912
712
operation that is appropriate to the special
circumstances of the Olympic Games. The
Turkish Olympic Law guarantees that all
public bodies give priority to the
requirements of the future Istanbul OCOG,
thus ensuring the greatest possible
flexibility in the adaptation of such bodies
involved in Olympic security arrangements
to contingencies.
However, the commitment of the
Government and all major political parties
to support, with all possible means, a
successful staging of Olympic Games in
Istanbul, implies a common will to enact, if
necessary, any new legislation or to
introduce any new administrative
procedures to create a better environment
for ensuring Olympic security.
INVOLVEMENT OF THE
INTELLIGENCE SERVICE
The National Intelligence Organisation,
attached to the Office of the Prime Minister,
will directly take part in the preparation and
implementation stages of Olympic security.
It will participate in the formation of the
Istanbul Data Collection and Evaluation
Centre at an early preparation stage. As
such, it will assume responsibility for the
production of Olympic-related intelligence,
especially that based on international
sources, and put its risk analysis and
management resources at the service of the
Olympic Security Co-ordination Centre.
CONTROL OF AIR SPACE
AND TERRITORIAL WATERS
In the control of her airspace, Turkey
follows the International Civil Aviation
Organisation (ICAO) standards and
supplementary region-specific procedures.
Istanbul is equipped with Terminal Area
(TMA) radar coverage, and all IFR and VFR
flights are provided with air traffic control
service.
During the Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games, a
security belt will be created in Istanbul’s
airspace affected by the Games. Apart from
flying ambulances, airborne security
vehicles, and VIP air transports, all MSL,
UNL and VFR flights will be kept under
strict control. At the Istanbul International
Airport, restrictions will be applied on take-
offs 360 degrees north and landings 180
degrees south.
The use of Istanbul’s territorial waters
during the 2008 Games will remain under
strict control of the Coast Guard in co-
ordination with the Olympic Security Co-
ordination Centre. The Coast Guard also
has the authority to close the Bosphorus as
well as the Dardanelles to traffic in
accordance with international law
regulating the use of such sea routes.
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
For a letter of the Minister of the
Interior, confirming that the government of
Turkey will make all necessary efforts to
guarantee the safety and the peaceful
celebration of the 2008 Olympic Games,
please refer to Theme 18, Ref. 18.22. The
letter also guarantees that the General
Directorate of Security will make all
security arrangements necessary for the
peaceful and orderly running of the
Istanbul Olympic Games, and that such
services will be provided free of charge.
NO REGIONAL
GOVERNMENTAL
AUTHORITY IN SECURITY
MATTERS
As no level of regional government
exists in Turkey between the central and
provincial tiers (see paragraph 1.1 in Theme
1), no additional guarantee is needed to the
one referred to in the previous paragraph.
3 12Volume Security 35
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3 12Volume Security 37
OCOG DEPARTMENT
RESPONSIBLE FOR
SECURITY MATTERS
The working group within the IOBC
responsible for drafting the preliminary
security scheme will be transformed, after
the awarding of the Games to Istanbul, into
a security department. This department,
which will principally be assigned the
responsibility of co-ordination between the
IOBC and the IDS, will be constituted at the
gubernatorial level. The department will be
staffed by specialists capable of main-
taining full and effective liaison with
corresponding officials in the Olympic
Security Co-ordination Centre.
Communication, logistics, internal site
security (accreditation and access control),
and the personal protection of Olympic
Family members will be the main areas in
which the OCOG security department will
have a high profile as a co-ordinating body.
ORGANISATION OF
OLYMPIC SECURITY
The Istanbul Olympic Security Co-
ordination Centre (OSCC), described in
paragraph 12.7 above, will be established
soon after the city is selected to host the
2008 Olympic Games and the IOBC is
transformed into the Istanbul OCOG.
During the general planning and
operational planning phases, the OSCC will
rely on the flow of information provided by
the Istanbul Data Collection and Evaluation
Centre. The latter will function as a hub for
the flow of information from various
agencies that will take part in the
preparation and implementation of
Olympic security, as shown on the
Diagram I herewith provided.
Based on the information thus
provided, the OSCC will undertake the
planning of various functions of the
Olympic security organisation, and will co-
ordinate the progressive creation of
various departments to be entrusted with
the responsibility for such functions in the
implementation phase.
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1512
Diagram I
ORGANISATION OF THE GENERAL PLANNING AND
OPERATIONAL PLANNING PHASES OF GAMES’ SECURITY
Diagram II on the next page shows how
Olympic security functions will be
organised in the fully-fledged
implementation phase.
3 12Volume Security 39
Diagram II
ORGANISATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE OF GAMES’ SECURITY
3 12Volume Security 41
RISK ANALYSIS
General risks connected with the
Olympic territory are analysed as shown in
the table below:
Intelligence gathering and close monitoring
(via the use of the most advanced
technology), plus the capability for prompt
action, are deemed key elements in tackling
the above categories of risk. Delegations
and dignitaries facing special risks are to be
evaluated, prior to the Games, in co-
ordination with the intelligence bodies of
their respective countries. The security of
the facilities (many of them yet to be built),
infrastructure, transport routes, and the
telecommunications system will be planned
in technical terms during the period of their
erection.
Fastidious selection (including background
examination) and education of personnel
operating and serving the above-
mentioned Olympic and urban facilities,
with the participation of the gubernatorial,
municipal and private agencies, is seen as
essential to ensure effective protection.
EXPERIENCE OF SECURITY
ORGANISATIONS IN MAJOR
INTERNATIONAL EVENTS
The Turkish police in general, and the
IDS in particular, have the widest possible
experience in security arrangements for
high-level international events. Among
recent major international events where
the IDS has implemented security
arrangements are:
■ The International Telecommunications
Union (ITU) meetings, including the
World Radiocommunication (WRC)
General Assembly, attended by 3,000
representatives from 189 countries over
six weeks (1 May–10 June 2000). In this
event, the IDS employed 110 officers for
security purposes.
■ The Conference of Interior Ministers of 41
countries, attended by 300 dignitaries
and VIPs over two days (6–7 April 2000),
whose security was provided for by 652
officers.
■ The Summit of the Organisation for
Security and Co-operation in Europe
1712
1612
Risk categories IMPORTANCE PROBABILITY
Fire Buildings/Olympic facilities Maximum Minimum
Industry High Minimum
Forests High Minimum
Intrusion into Olympic facilities Maximum Minimum
Civil disobedience Medium Minimum
Crime Maximum Minimum
Technological risks to essential Games services Maximum Minimum
Traffic violations Medium Low
Natural catastrophes Earthquake Maximum Medium
Flood Maximum Nil
Volcano Maximum Nil
Hurricane Maximum Nil
Other catastrophes (chemical, biological, nuclear, Maximum Minimum
plane crash, marine accident, serious land accident)
Terrorism Bomb attacks Maximum Minimum
Air, water or food contamination Maximum Minimum
Violence against VIPs and athletes Maximum Minimum
3 12Volume Security 43
(OSCE), attended by 250 VIPs and 12,000
participants for two days (18–19
November 1999), where 12,938 officers
were assigned for security tasks.
In 1996, Istanbul was host to the Second UN
Conference on Human Settlements
(Habitat II). Between 3 and 14 June 1996,
around 20,000 people attended the event,
including 13 heads of state and/or
government, 211 foreign parliamentarians,
160 high-level officeholders, including the
UN Secretary General and his staff, 3,638
delegates from 171 countries, and 627
representatives of local governments. Also
in attendance were 83 representatives of
UN agencies, 144 members of
intergovernmental organisations, 2,500
representatives from 1,500 NGOs from all
over the world, more than 6,000 non-
official participants and some 4,000
members of the media. Istanbul's Atatürk
Airport, transport routes to and from the
Conference Valley and all around the city,
sites in the Conference Valley, media
centres, accommodation facilities,
restaurants, etc., were all provided with an
intrusion-proof security shield. A total of
15,000 officers took part in the execution of
the Habitat II security plan.
Turkey, and particularly Istanbul, have
hosted many other high-level international
political events, including summits of the
47-member Organisation of Islamic
Conference, summits of the Economic Co-
operation Organisation (former RCD), and
the founding session and Parliamentarians
Assembly meetings of the Black Sea
Economic Cooperation (BSEC) since 1992.
In April 1993, Ankara welcomed more than
100 foreign dignitaries, including heads of
state and/or government and other
statespersons, as they paid their last
respects to the late President Turgut Özal
on the occasion of his funeral. All these
events have more than proved the
capability of the Turkish security forces in
ensuring absolute safety for any number of
visiting VIPs.
As to international sports events at which
the IDS has assumed responsibility for
security arrangements, two recent
examples to cite are:
■ The 34th Chess Olympiad attended by
1,750 persons, including 1,092 players
from 126 countries, over 15 days (28
October–12 November 2000), whose
security was provided for by a force of
only 50 officers.
■ The 24th European Swimming, Diving,
Synchronised Swimming and Long
Distance Swimming Championships,
attended by 5,000 persons, including a
total of 1,598 athletes and officials from
43 countries for 10 days (22 July–1
August 1999), where 450 officers
implemented the security arrangements.
Among other major sports events with high
attendance held in Istanbul over the past
ten years, it is worth citing:
■ The World Juniors Fencing
Championships, 30 October–3 November
1992 (5,000 persons).
■ The GR and Freestyle European Wrestling
Championships, 5–16 May 1993 (20,000
persons).
■ The European Juniors Swimming and
Diving Championships, 8–11 July 1993
(5,000 persons).
■ The GR European Cadets Wrestling
Championships, 28–31 July 1994 (5,000
persons).
■ The World Juniors Boxing
Championships, 10–18 September 1994
(15,000 persons).
■ The World Men’s and Women’s
Weightlifting Championships, 17–28
November 1994 (10,000 persons).
Location of Hotels 13.1
Hotel Rooms 13.2
Existing Hotels 13.2.1
New Hotels 13.2.2
Olympic Family Accommodation 13.3
Rooms Obtained 13.3.1
Rates 13.3.2
Non-Olympic Family Rates 13.4
Spectators 13.5
Accommodation Plan–Transport Arrangements 13.6
Other Accommodation 13.7
13.1 Emplacement des hôtels13.2 Chambres d’hôtels13.2.1 Hôtels existants13.2.2 Nouveaux hôtels13.3 Hébergement de la famille olympique13.3.1 Chambres obtenues13.3.2 Tarifs13.4 Tarifs concernant la famille non-olympique13.5 Spectateurs13.6 Planification de l’hébergement - Dispositions prises au
niveau du transport13.7 Autres possibilités de logement
13 AccommodationHébergement
3 13Volume Hébergement46
EMPLACEMENT DES HOTELS / LOCATION OF HOTELS 113
213 CHAMBRES D’HOTELS
L’information sur les hôtels existants
et prévus est présentée dans les quatre
tableaux bilingues (anglais et français) qui
figurent après les paragraphes 13.2.1 et
13.2.2. Les nombres sur la colonne gauche
de la liste continue correspondent aux
nombres figurant sur la carte fournie sous le
paragraphe 13.1 et indique l’emplacement
respectif de l’hôtel dans la ville.
3 13Volume Accommodation 47
HOTEL ROOMS
Information on existing and planned
hotels is presented in the four bilingual
(English and French) charts that follow
under paragraphs 13.2.1 and 13.2.2. The
numbers on the leftmost column of the
continuous list correspond to the numbers
shown on the map provided under
paragraph 13.1 and point to the location of
the respective hotel in the city.
213
3 13Volume Hébergement48
TAKSIM AREA / ZONE DE TAKSIM
1 Hyatt Regency Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 360 220 Ömür Yeker 240 270
2 Divan Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 179 80 Korhan Demiröz 195 250
3 The Marmara Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 391 200 Feza Solaklar 165 185
4 Euro Plaza Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 156 100 Asl› Atasu 110 140
5 Hilton Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 498 negotiating / en négociation
6 Ceylan Inter Continental 5-star / 5 étoiles 390 negotiating / en négociation
7 Golden Age-I Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 180 180 Hayriye Ayd›n 170 190
8 Hotel Kervansaray 4-star / 4 étoiles 62 40 Ferdi Aslan 170 190
9 Feronya Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 118 75 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 75 90
10 Crystal Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 214 214 Hayriye Ayd›n 170 190
11 Hotel Cartoon 4-star / 4 étoiles 66 50 Burak Atilla 50 60
12 Mercure Istanbul Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 192 90 Beyza Bediz 160 200
13 Keban Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 84 45 Aynur Dafltan 90 110
14 Richmond Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 109 30 Belgin Aksoy Ar›kan 150 175
15 Grand Hotel Haliç 4-star / 4 étoiles 177 100 Müjdat Morgül 80 100
16 Dilson Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 112 40 Nuri Göksel 100 130
17 Taksim Dorint Park Plaza 4-star / 4 étoiles 175 60 Rene Verhagen 350 400
18 Lamartine Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 64 45 Bora Y›ld›r›m 80 100
19 Nippon Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 153 100 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 110 120
20 Eresin Taxim 4-star / 4 étoiles 75 40 Müberra Eresin 170 190
21 Riva Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 71 20 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 90 120
22 Grace Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 52 25 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 80 110
23 Lion Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 84 104 Hayriye Ayd›n 170 190
24 The Madison Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 110 60 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 70 90
25 Savoy Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 77 50 Hasan Barut 75 100
BEfi‹KTAfi AREA / ZONE DE BEfi‹KTAfi
26 Conrad Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 598 300 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 249 264
27 Ç›ra¤an Palace Hotel Kempinski Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 315 60 (35 standard / 25 superior) Erhan ‹mamo¤lu 343-442 376-475
28 Büyük Sürmeli Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 224 130 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 110 130
29 Hotel Dedeman Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 338 100 Deniz ‹nel and / et Tekin fiengün 175 225
30 The Plaza Hotel Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 243 125 Orhun ‹nkaya 199 239
31 Swissôtel The Bosphorus 5-star / 5 étoiles 585 negotiating / en négociation
32 Ortaköy Princess 5-star / 5 étoiles 83 negotiating / en négociation
33 Hotel Maçka 4-star / 4 étoiles 181 140 Suat Erat 80 100
34 Sed Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50 50 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 70 110
35 Mim Inter Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 111 negotiating / en négociation
36 Park-SA Hilton Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 119 negotiating / en négociation
Name of hotelNom de l'hotel
CategoryCatégorie
N of rooms N de chambres
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of rooms N de chambres
Signed bySignée par
Prices in 2000 (US$) Prix en 2000 (US$)
Single roomChambre
à 1 lit
Double roomChambre
à 2 lit
Chart A.1: Client group: Olympic Family (Hotels not designated by the IOC Executive Board for Olympic Family accommodation will be
assigned to sponsors.)
Tableau A.1: Groupe de clients: Famille Olympique (Hôtels qui ne sont pas désignés par la commission executive du CIO pour hébergementde la Famille Olympique seront assignés aux sponsors.)
2
1
13
Hôtels existants / Existing Hotels
Please see documents under Theme 18,
Ref. 18.24 for rooms and prices obtained.
Pour les chambres et les prix obtenus,veuillez consulter les documents dans leThéme 18, Réf. 18.24.
Prices in 2000 (US$)Prix en 2000 (US$)
3 13Volume Accommodation 49
ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY / ZONE D’ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY37 Crowne Plaza Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 298 FIBA, FINA, Media / Média 160 Baflar Eryöner 200 225
38 Polat Renaissance 5-star / 5 étoiles 383 FISA, FIC, Media / Média 250 An›l Beydafl T›naz 190-215 220-245
39 Ç›nar Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 222 IWF, ITU 120 S. Jale Kibritçio¤lu 120 140
40 Radisson SAS Conference Airport Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 246 IBAF, FIG, ISF negotiating / en négociation41 Holiday Inn Marina 4-star / 4 étoiles 179 Media / Média 120 Baflar Eryöner 140 160
42 Adela Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 118 Media / Média 80 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 70 95
43 Günefl Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 130 Media / Média44 Epos Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36 Media / Média45 Demirköy Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 290 Media / Média46 Florya Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 120 Media / Média47 Airport Inn Hotel Special / Spéciale 19 Media / Média
OLD CITY / VIEILLE VILLE48 Merit Antique Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 272 IAAF, AIBA, FILA 200 Senem Üngüderler 125 135
49 Akgün ‹stanbul Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 275 FIE, IHF, FIH, IJF 150 Vedat Akgün 140 190
50 Eresin Hotel Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 247 VTF, ITTF, FITA 150 Tijen Günyol 150 170
51 Hotel Zurich 4-star / 4 étoiles 125 Media / Média 90 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 60 80
52 Hotel Romance 4-star / 4 étoiles 63 Media / Média 20 Çetin Koca 80 120
53 Hotel Yi¤italp 4-star / 4 étoiles 83 Media / Média 10 Tar›k Özaktafl 70 90
54 Best Western International The President 4-star / 4 étoiles 204 IBF 90 Erhan Çakay 85 100
55 Hotel Arcadia 4-star / 4 étoiles 48 35 Erhan Kösemihal 70 80
56 Kalyon Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 101 Media / Média 30 Turgut Topçu 117 129
57 Yaflmak Sultan Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 84 40 fieref Tunca 64 80
58 Color Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 106 40 Ali Ekinci 60 75
59 Fuar Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 61 30 Birol Afyon 70 110
60 Hotel Armada Istanbul 4-star / 4 étoiles 110 FIVB 75 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 150 160
61 Kent Otel Istanbul 4-star / 4 étoiles 76 76 Nimet Gül 120 150
62 Antik Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 96 70 Metin Pamuk 30 40
63 Çara Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 107 50 Esat Koç 90 140
64 Orient Express Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 54 20 Bedrettin Karaca 80 100
65 Prince Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 100 75 Bülent Öven and / et Hamza Çiner 110 130
66 Senatör Hotel Best Western International 4-star / 4 étoiles 102 negotiating / en négociation67 Grand Gülsoy Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 140
68 ‹kbal Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 162
69 Özmen Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 102
70 Royal Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 128
71 Aspen Sa¤lam Otel 4-star / 4 étoiles 70
72 Grand Emin Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 65
73 Büyük fiahinler Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 130
74 Nanda Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 68
75 Olcay Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 155
76 PianoForte Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50
77 Grand Anka Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 108
78 Grand Madrid Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 47
79 Aziyade Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 105
80 Gabali Grand Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 65
81 Grand Gazala Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50
82 Black Bird Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 81
83 Hotel ‹lkay 3-star / 3 étoiles 60 20 Çetin Koca 60 80
84 Hotel Erboy 3-star / 3 étoiles 63 20 Bedrettin Karaca 70 90
85 Grand Yavuz Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 84 40 Duygu Çelik 50 60
86 Hotel Grand Ons 3-star / 3 étoiles 92 92 Nejat Laçin 60 80
87 Green Anka Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 65 65 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 40 60
88 Hotel Olimpiyat 3-star / 3 étoiles 59 20 fieref Tunca 40 50
89 Laleli Gönen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 63 50 Ayla Aytekin 60 90
90 Grand Medya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60
91 Keçik Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 72
92 Carlton Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 50
93 Grand Washington Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 134
94 Dallas Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 69
95 Klas Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116
96 Askoç Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 95
97 Büyük Keban Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 132
98 And Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45
99 Mozaik Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116
100 Merdan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 30
101 Bar›n Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60
102 Orsep Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52
Name of hotelNom de l'hotel
CategoryCatégorie
N of rooms N de
chambres
Client group Groupe de Clients
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of rooms N de chambres
Signed bySignée par
Single room
Chambre à 1 lit
Double room
Chambre à 2 lit
Chart A.2: Client group: Other (Capacity not allocated to specific client groups will be available for spectators)
Tableau A.2: Groupe de clients: Autres (La capacité qui n’est pas alloué aux groupes de client specific sera disponible pour les spectateurs)
3 13Volume Hébergement50
103 Sultan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 133
104 Oran Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 80
105 Büyük fiehzade Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 48
106 Hal› Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 80
107 Intersport Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116
108 Baron Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 94
109 Kazakistan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 67
110 Paradise Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36
111 Kuran Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40
112 Ferhat Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 61
113 Benler Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 94
114 Santa Sophia Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40
115 Orient-Mintur Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 43
116 Amber Otel 3-star / 3 étoiles 58
117 Erden Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 107
118 Emin Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36
119 Pierre Loti Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36
120 Nemport Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 44
121 Afliyan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87
122 Grand Lord Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 51
123 Astor Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 130
124 Martinenz Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 90
125 fiahinler Otel 3-star / 3 étoiles 96
126 Yaztur Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 72
127 Gold Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 78
128 Atefl II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52
129 Monaco Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 55
130 Resteria Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54
131 Laleli Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40
132 Restige Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54
133 Prestige Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 114
134 Sö¤üt Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 44
135 Seres Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 50
136 Gönen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 65
137 Hamidiye Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 209
138 Grand Savur Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 78
139 Washington Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56
140 ‹pek Palas Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 66
141 Eyfel Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87
142 Seranda Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 116
143 Avlonya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56
144 Ebru Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 35
145 Mola Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56
146 Kaya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 156
147 Selenay Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 58
148 Antea Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45
149 Akgün Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87
150 Bekdafl Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 88
151 Kordon Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 42
152 Blue House Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 26
153 Hotel Betes 3-star / 3 étoiles 50
154 Karacabay II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 50
155 Öncü Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 21
156 Balance Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45
157 Ayasofya Pensions Special / Spéciale 62 40 Murat Öztürk 72 96
158 Hotel Hippodrome Special / Spéciale 17 17 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 50 70
159 Tash Konak Sultanahmet Special / Spéciale 20 20 Burhan Çay›o¤lu 30 40
160 Hotel Daphnis Special / Spéciale 19 12 Mete Gündo¤du 90 110
161 Hotel Alzer Special / Spéciale 20 10 fiahika Atay 65 85
162 Fehmibey Hotel Special / Spéciale 15 15 Nefle Öksüz 40 65
163 Four Seasons Hotel Special / Spéciale 65 ITF negotiating / en négociation164 Karasu Green Hotel Special / Spéciale 15
165 Yusufpafla Kona¤› (Best Western) Special / Spéciale 20
166 Arena Hotel Special / Spéciale 27
167 Sultanahmet Saray› Special / Spéciale 36
168 Nomade Hotel Special / Spéciale 15
169 A.Vezirhan Hotel Special / Spéciale 9
170 Ambassador Hotel Special / Spéciale 23
171 Citadel Hotel Special / Spéciale 31
Name of hotelNom de l'hotel
CategoryCatégorie
N of rooms N de
chambres
Client group Groupe de Clients
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of rooms N de chambres
Signed bySignée par
Prices in 2000 (US$)Prix en 2000 (US$)
Single room
Chambre à 1 lit
Double room
Chambre à 2 lit
Chart A.2, continued / Tableau A.2, a continué
3 13Volume Accommodation 51
172 Spectra Hotel Special / Spéciale 19
173 Antique Hotel Special / Spéciale 17
174 Sidera Hotel Special / Spéciale 14
175 Yeflilev Hotel Special / Spéciale 19
176 Poem Hotel Special / Spéciale 17
177 Sümengen Hotel Special / Spéciale 71
178 Historia Hotel Ottoman House Special / Spéciale 25
179 ‹brahim Pafla Hotel Special / Spéciale 19
180 Cordial Hause Hotel Special / Spéciale 35
181 Köflk Turkuaz Hotel Special / Spéciale 13
182 Sarn›ç Hotel Special / Spéciale 16
183 Empress Zoe Hotel Special / Spéciale 19
184 Uyan Hotel Special / Spéciale 17
185 St.Sophia Hotel Best Western International Special / Spéciale 27
186 Bar›fl Hotel Special / Spéciale 30
187 Spina Hotel Special / Spéciale 24
188 Valide Sultan Kona¤› Special / Spéciale 17
189 Sar› Konak Hotel Special / Spéciale 17
190 ‹shakpafla Kona¤› Special / Spéciale 19
191 Aflk›n Hotel Special / Spéciale 22
192 Acropol Hotel Special / Spéciale 26
TAKS‹M AREA / ZONE DE TAKSIM193 Festival Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 106 Media / Média194 Taksim Plaza Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 142 FIFA, Media / Média195 Grand Star Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 96
196 Yakut Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 50
197 Usta-II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60
198 Golden Age-II Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 64 64 Hayriye Ayd›n 120 160
199 The Green Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 81 60 Do¤an Ezik 53 64
200 Aygün Hotels 3-star / 3 étoiles 63 55 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 60 80
201 Elan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 42 15 Hotel Management / Gestion d’hôtel 30 45
202 Taksim Gönen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 127 100 Ayla Aytekin 60 90
203 Lodge Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 58
204 Cihangir Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52
205 Monopol Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 64
206 Troya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 77
207 Residence Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 46
208 Bale Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 63
209 Taksim Square Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 87
210 Villa Zürich Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 45
211 Hotel Pera Palas Special / Spéciale 145 Sponsors / Sponsors 25 Leyla Taflk›n 25 % off rack rate
212 Galata Residence Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 11 8 Cemal Ekingen 117
213 Bahar Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 11
214 Vardar Palace Hotel Special / Spéciale 40
215 Taksim Suites Special / Spéciale 14
216 Bosphorus Residence Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 10
BEfi‹KTAfi AREA / ZONE DE BEfi‹KTAfi217 Tafll›k Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 77 25 Sak›p Beygo 55 70
218 La Maison Inter Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 34
219 Villa Blanche Hotel Special / Spéciale 40 30 Nihan Sezan 60 80
220 Anadolu Karavan Special / Spéciale 10
MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹ AREA / ZONE DE MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹221 Hotel Istanbul Conti 4-star / 4 étoiles 88 25 Mustafa Küçükçakan 85 125
222 Konak Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 25 25 Nefle Cav 80 100
223 Niza Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 44
224 Mega Center / Mega Residence Special / Spéciale 30
225 Maritim Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 11
226 Akmerkez Residence Apart Hotel Special / Spéciale 10
‹ST‹NYE AREA / ZONE D’ISTINYE227 Grand Hotel Tarabya 5-star / 5 étoiles 268 Sponsors / Sponsors 150 Erol Gediko¤lu 100 120
228 ‹stanbul Princess Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 305 UCI, UIPM, ISSF negotiating / en négociation229 Fuatpafla Hotel Special / Spéciale 49
S‹L‹VR‹ AREA / ZONE DE S‹L‹VR‹230 Klassis Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 304 FEI 150 Handan Boyce 101 125
231 Kumburgaz Princess Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 398 negotiating / en négociation232 Hamitbey Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36
233 Malibu Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56
234 Silivri Park Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 88
235 Öz C›han Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 40
Name of hotelNom de l'hotel
CategoryCatégorie
N of rooms N de
chambres
Client group Groupe de Clients
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of rooms N de chambres
Signed bySignée par
Prices in 2000 (US$)Prix en 2000 (US$)
Single room
Chambre à 1 lit
Double room
Chambre à 2 lit
Chart A.2, continued / Tableau A.2, a continué
3 13Volume Hébergement52
Prices in 2000 (US$)Prix en 2000 (US$)
236 Family Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 90
237 Sel Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 48
238 Pelikan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 63
239 Kumburgaz Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 53
240 Tem Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 69
241 ‹kizler Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 60
242 Blacksis Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 84
243 Bigados Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 74
244 Klassis Golf ve Country Club Special / Spéciale 116 80 Sedef Baran 94 117
KADIKÖY AREA / ZONE DE KADIKÖY245 Suadiye Princess Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 152 ISAF negotiating / en négociation246 Harem Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 100
247 Sidonya Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36
248 Aden Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 76
249 Eysan Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 36
250 Grand As Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56
251 Kad›köy R›ht›m Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54
252 Bosphorus Pasha Hotel Special / Spéciale 14
253 Park Residence Hotel Special / Spéciale 12
OTHER / AUTRE254 Mir Club Country 3-star / 3 étoiles 183
255 Pen Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 32
256 fiile Resort Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 52
257 Kuzey Y›ld›z› Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54
258 Grand fiile Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 54
259 Hilde Motel Special / Spéciale 10
260 Durusu Park Resort Hotel Special / Spéciale 66
261 Halki Palas Hotel Special / Spéciale 38
262 Büyükada Princess Special / Spéciale 24
263 Splendit Hotel Special / Spéciale 70
264 Saydam Planet-II Hotel Special / Spéciale 12
265 H›div Köflkü Hotel Special / Spéciale 16
266 Polka Country Hotel Special / Spéciale 19
Name of hotelNom de l'hotel
CategoryCatégorie
N of rooms N de
chambres
Client group Groupe de Clients
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of rooms N de chambres
Signed bySignée par
Prices in 2000 (US$)Prix en 2000 (US$)
Single room
Chambre à 1 lit
Double room
Chambre à 2 lit
TAKS‹M AREA / ZONE DE TAKSIM267 The Ritz-Carlton Istanbul 5-star / 5 étoiles 244 Yes / Oui Michel Blachi 1999 April / Avril-2001 50 Michel Blachi 425-625
268 Park Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 288 to be received / à recevoir269 Hotel Grand Markiz Special / Spéciale 30 Yes / Oui Okan Miralem 2000 2002
270 ‹stanbul Anemon Special / Spéciale 29 Istanbul Department of Tourism /
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul 2001 2003
271 Taxim Residence Special / Spéciale 90 Yes / Oui Kalman Yüksel 1998 2001 90
BEfi‹KTAfi AREA / ZONE DE BEfi‹KTAfi272 Four Seasons Hotel
on the Bosphorus 5-star / 5 étoiles 150 Yes / Oui Levent Gürçay 2001 2003
273 Bilek Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 125 Istanbul Department of Tourism /
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul 2000 2002
274 Akaretler S›ra Evleri Special / Spéciale 110 to be received / à recevoir 1999 May / Mai-2001
2
2
13
Name of hotel
Nom de l’hotelCategory
Catégorie
Number
of rooms
N deChambres
Construction guaranteesGaranties relatives aux constructions
Ends Fin
BeginsDébut
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of rooms Signed by guaranteed Signée par
N de chambresgaranties
Single room
Chambre à 1 lit
Doubleroom
Chambre à 2 lit
Chart B.1: Client group: Olympic Family (Hotels not designated by the IOC Executive Board for Olympic Family accommodation will be assigned
to sponsors.)
Tableau B.1: Groupe de clients: Famille Olympique (Hôtels qui ne sont pas désignés par la commission executive du CIO pour hébergement de laFamille Olympique seront assignés aux sponsors.)
ObtainedObtenue
Signed bySignée par
Construction timelines Delai de Construction
Chart A.2, continued / Tableau A.2, a continué
Nouveaux hôtels / New Hotels
Please see documents under Theme 18,
Ref. 18.25 for rooms and prices obtained
and construction guarantees.
Pour les chambres et les prix obtenus et lesgaranties de construction, veuillez consulterles documents dans le Thème 18, Réf 18.25
3 13Volume Accommodation 53
ObtainedObtenue
ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY AREA / ZONE D’ATAKÖY-BAKIRKÖY
275 Dedeman Hotel / World Trade Center 5-star / 5 étoiles 300 Media / Yes / Oui Dedeman 2001 2003
Média Holding A.fi.
276 ‹stanbul Kaya Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 320 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
277 Kale Yap› Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 468 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
278 Florya Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 280 Yes / Oui Hayat Turizm 2002 2005 280 Hayat Turizm $80 $90
Ticaret A.fi. Ticaret A.fi.
279 MNG Hotel / World Trade Center 4-star / 4 étoiles 334 Media / Yes / Oui Mapa Construction 2001 2003
Média & Trading Co.Inc.
280 Mega Residence Airport Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 334 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2000 2002
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
281 The Green Park Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 238 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
282 Silver Plaza Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 132 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
OLD CITY / VIEILLE VILLE
283 Beyazsaray 4-star / 4 étoiles 102 Yes / Oui Beyazsaray ‹nfl. 2000 2002
Tur. Paz. Tic. A.fi.
284 All Seasons Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 69 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
285 Erez-2 Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 78 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
286 Eresin Sultanahmet Hotel Special / Spéciale 59 Yes / Oui Müberra Eresin Feb-1999 May-2001 25 Müberra Eresin / $270 $300
Assistant
General Manager
MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹ AREA / ZONE DE MEC‹D‹YEKÖY-fi‹fiL‹
287 ‹stanbul Levent Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 246 Yes / Oui Adnan Çebi 1999 2002 200 Adnan Çebi
288 Maryot Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 334 Sponsors / Yes / Oui Cevahirler ‹nfl. 1999 2001 250 Cevahirler ‹nfl. $196 $220
Sponsors Taah. Tic. Ltd. fiti. Taah. Tic. Ltd. fiti.
289 Tat Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 200 to be received / à recevoir 2001
290 Ç›nar-2 Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 56 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
‹ST‹NYE AREA / ZONE D’‹ST‹NYE
291 Prestige Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 500 Sponsors / Yes / Oui Nalan Atalay / 2003 500 Nalan Atalay / $87 $100
Sponsors Uran Holding A.fi Uran Holding A.fi.
S‹L‹VR‹ AREA / ZONE DE S‹L‹VR‹
292 Trakya Grand Hotel 5-star / 5 étoiles 208 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
KADIKÖY AREA / ZONE DE KADIKÖY
293 Grand Bostanc› Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 168 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 1999 2001
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
294 Dila Hotel 3-star / 3 étoiles 91 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2000 2002
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
295 Çerkezköy Turistik Tesisleri Special / Spéciale 10 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2000 2002
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
OTHER / AUTRE
296 Aytemiz Hotel 4-star / 4 étoiles 105 Istanbul Department of Tourism / 2001 2003
Departement de Tourisme d’Istanbul
297 Kemer Golf & Country Club Special / Spéciale 330 Yes / Oui Ömer ‹syar 1998 2004 120 Ömer ‹syar 190 240
Chart B.2: Client group: Other (Capacity not allocated to specific client groups will be available for spectators)
Tableau B.2: Groupe de clients: Autres (La capacité qui n’est pas alloué aux groupes de client specific sera disponible pour les spectateurs)
Name of hotel
Nom de l’hotelCategory
Catégorie
Client
Group
Groupede
clients
Number
of rooms
N deChambres
Construction guaranteesGaranties relatives aux constructions
Ends Fin
BeginsDébut
Guarantees obtainedGaranties obtenues
N of roomsguaranteed
N de chambresgaranties
Single room
Chambre à 1 lit
Doubleroom
Chambre à 2 lit
Signed bySignée par
Signed bySignée par
Construction timelines Delai de Construction
3 13Volume Accommodation 55
OLYMPIC FAMILY
ACCOMMODATION
The IOBC accommodation plan for the
Olympic Family covers (a) approximately
16,000 athletes and team officials who will
be housed in the Olympic Village, and (b)
the IOC, IF and NOC group of guests who
will be housed in official IOC hotels, as per
the IOC Manual for Candidate Cities.
On the understanding that the IOC
Executive Board will designate the official
IOC hotels, the IOBC proposes an outline of
criteria and feasible arrangements to
accommodate the (b) group of Olympic
Family members.
■ The estimated 1,800 rooms will be
provided in five-star hotels that are
located close to one another. There are
two clusters of such high quality hotels in
the city that the IOBC considers
especially suitable for the Olympic
Family. The IOC may choose either one of
these hotel areas, or decide on the
alternative shown below:
1. The Taksim area, which is the site of
the Hilton, Intercontinental, Hyatt
Regency and Ritz Carlton (opening
April 2001) hotels, among others, has
4,543 existing five- and four-star hotel
rooms. With the additional 532 five-
star rooms that will be available within
the next couple of years, Taksim’s
hotels can comfortably meet Olympic
Family requirements.
2. The Befliktafl area, which includes the
Ç›ra¤an Palace Kempinski, Swissotel
the Bosphorus, Conrad and Four
Seasons (opening December 2002)
hotels, among others, with an existing
number of 2,847 five- and four-star
rooms. Another 385 five- and four-
star rooms will be available by 2003.
Compared to Taksim, the area has
fewer four-star rooms, but enjoys a
unique advantage in terms of natural
site characteristics. All of the above-
mentioned hotels are located on the
European shore of the Bosphorus, and
313 have accommodated high dignitaries
(including President Clinton) in the
past.
3. The Ataköy/Bak›rköy area is proposed
as an alternative to Taksim or Befliktafl
in case the IOC prefers hotels close to
the two main clusters of competition
sites. This area also includes an
adequate number of five-star (and
four-star) rooms. The IOBC, however,
considers this functional advantage as
being more significant for other
categories of Olympic guests (such as
some IF headquarters, the media and
international judges and referees)
than the Olympic Family per se. Still, it
is prepared to modify its plans to suit
overall Olympic priorities.
■ The IOC Executive Board’s designation of
any of the above sites for official IOC
hotels will meet with IOBC’s plans to
accommodate the following groups of
persons or others designated by the IOC
in official IOC hotels:
1. IOC members (including honorary and
honour members) and persons
accompanying them, in one hotel.
2. Presidents and Secretaries General of
the IFs whose sport appears on the
programme of the Olympic Games,
persons accompanying them, and
other IF officials.
3. Presidents and Secretaries General of
the NOCs participating in the Games
and persons accompanying them.
4. IOC staff and IOC interpreters to be
accommodated within walking
distance of the IOC members’ hotel.
5. Members of IOC commissions, IOC
advisors, consultants and agents, and
IOC guests.
6. Delegations of OCOGs of future
Olympic Games.
7. Representatives of the Organising
Committees of future IOC Sessions.
8. Delegations from Candidate Cities of
future Olympic Games.
9. Presidents and Secretaries General of
the IFs whose sport appears on the
3 13Volume Accommodation 57
programme of the Olympic Winter
Games.
10.Delegates of recognised IFs or
organisations.
■ Again irrespective of the hotel site
chosen, the IOBC has planned for:
1. Suite type accommodation for
members of the Olympic Family,
including the IOC President, the IOC
Director General and others as per
relevant rules and regulations.
2. Meeting and conference facilities as
per relevant rules and regulations.
3. A video wall in the room of the IOC
President and two similar video walls
at IOC office premises as directed by
the IOC Secretary General.
4. Reception of international television
signals of the Games in IOC staff
offices and Olympic Family hotel
rooms.
Excluding the estimated 1,800 rooms
required for the Olympic Family, at least
17,313 five-star or four-star rooms will be
available to accommodate additional IF
delegates and staff (800 rooms),
international judges and referees who
require hotel rooms, media members not
residing in the Media Village (about 2,000
rooms) and sponsors (7,000 rooms). More
than 14,000 five-star or four-star rooms
already exist for these groups.
The IOBC has signed a protocol with the
Housing Administration of Turkey (TOK‹)
for the construction of a Media Village to
house 15,000 media representatives and a
Judges’ and Referees’ Village to
accommodate 2,500. These are planned
within TOK‹’s Halkal› Housing Project and
relevant guarantees have been provided
(see Guarantees, Ref. 18.17 and 18.8).
Rooms Obtained
As of December 2000, the IOBC has
obtained 7,602 hotel rooms (6,087 in
existing hotels). Of these, 5,179 are in
existing five-star or four-star hotels. The
state of on-going negotiations with hotel
managements gives good reason to expect
a significant rise in these numbers well
before the awarding of the 2008 Games. To
that end, the IOBC has secured the services
of the ISEVV Consortium of four leading
congress organisers in Turkey.
In the two hotel areas proposed for the
Olympic Family, 1,968 five-star or four-star
rooms have been obtained in existing
Taksim hotels and 905 five-star or four-star
rooms have been obtained in existing
Befliktafl hotels.
In the Ataköy/Bak›rköy area, where the
MMC will be set up, 1,010 rooms (730 in
existing hotels) have been obtained. These,
and 1,697 rooms (1,672 in existing hotels)
obtained in the old city, will be particularly
suitable to meet the needs of the media.
Not included in the above mentioned areas
are an additional 230 five-star rooms
obtained in the Klassis Hotel and Klassis
Country Club, which is the proposed site for
equestrian events.
Negotiations are continuing to increase the
percentage of reserved rooms in these
hotels, as well as reaching additional
agreements. Among the latter are two
Princess hotels, one in ‹stinye and the other
in Suadiye, the former of which will be
convenient for the UCI,UIPM, ISSF and the
latter for ISAF headquarters respectively.
The management of several hotels have
stated that they will provide signed
documents confirming these arrangements.
Rates
Single and double room prices in
hotels proposed for the Olympic Family are
shown in Chart A1 in US$ for the year 2000
as quoted by various hotels. These prices
vary from US$70 for a standard single
room in several four-star hotels to US$475
for a superior double room in the Ç›ra¤an
Palace Hotel.
3
1
13
3
2
13
3 13Volume Accommodation 59
Based on the US Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) Deflator inflation index for the period
2000-2005 (Budget of the United States
Government, Fiscal Year 2001), the
stipulated increase in respective prices of
hotel rooms quoted in the chart is 17.2
percent for the year 2008.
NON-OLYMPIC FAMILY
RATES
Maximum hotel rates that apply in
Istanbul in the year 2000, as provided by
the Ministry of Tourism, are shown below.
As in Paragraph 13.2.2 above, prices for
2008 may be calculated to be 17.2 percent
higher than those in 2000.
Room rates in the Media Village with at
least a three-star level of comfort will be
between US$50 and US$70 in 2000 figures
(about US$60-US$85 in 2008).
SPECTATORS
Istanbul offers the spectators a wide
range of hotels in terms of levels of price
and comfort. All of the main hotel areas are
served by public transport and are
conveniently located with respect to
competition sites.
Several processes that constantly improve
Istanbul’s accommodation capacity will
have a direct bearing on the quantity and
quality of hotel rooms available in 2008.
One is the strong private investment in new
hotels and another is the periodic
renovation and upgrading of existing
hotels, both of which are expected to
accelerate if Istanbul is awarded the Games.
The third process relates to the very
successful special category hotels in
Maximum price in 2000 (US$)
Single room Double roomCategory
5-star 1,000 1,300
4-star 225 280
3-star 150 200
2-star 240 300
1-star 86 111
Istanbul. These are largely historic
buildings (old Ottoman mansions, town
houses, public buildings, etc.) that are
renovated as superior category small
hotels. Examples include the existing Four
Seasons Hotel (formerly a jail) and the one
planned within walking distance of the
Ç›ra¤an Palace Hotel. Investors in these
projects are usually firms that already
operate one or more such special hotels in
the city.
The IOBC is working on a programme to
accommodate young spectators from
abroad with volunteering host families.
This will increase the percentage of young
spectators from abroad, allowing them to
economise on living costs and making
event tickets more affordable. It will also
contribute significantly to cultural
exchange.
ACCOMMODATION
PLAN – TRANSPORT
ARRANGEMENTS
There are two main clusters of
competition sites: the Olympic Park and
the Southern Complex at Ataköy. Except
for the Village site just south of the
Olympic Park, most of the traffic to these
competition sites will originate in the east,
where the Olympic Family and most of the
spectators will reside. The third multi-sport
site of ‹stinye will have a more even
distribution of passenger origins.
As indicated under Theme 14, below, the
main mode of transport between the
Olympic Village and competition sites will
be shuttle buses, while that for official
Olympic Family members residing in hotels
will be dedicated cars. The other large
group that will benefit from Olympic road
transport is the media, which will have a
special transport system, also explained
under Theme 14. The proposed
accommodation sites for the Olympic
Family have easy access to main roads
(coastal and radial) and highways that
partly serve as ring roads, which will be
413
513
613
3 13Volume Accommodation 61
designated as Olympic routes. Media
shuttles (Media Village-MMC and MMC-
competitions sites) will also use these
Olympic routes. Two major Municipal bus
terminals at (Topkap› and Mecidiyeköy), on
the other hand, will be central to the
spectator bus system.
The majority (61 percent) of the spectators
will use Olympic rail transit. The primary
interchange terminal of Yenikap› will serve
as the main hub of rail transport, while a
secondary hub will be located at Esenler.
Both of these points are centrally located to
serve main hotel areas and competition
sites. Spectators will not be allowed to
travel to the Olympic Park by car, but will
benefit from Municipal bus transport
adapted for the Games.
Existing
Number of
properties
Number of
rooms
Planned
Number of
properties
Number of
rooms
Category
Hotels included in
Charts A1-2 and B1-2 266 24333 31 6028
2-star hotels 170 6493 9 360
1-star hotels 70 2389 2 34
Holiday village 1 238
Municipality licensed
2nd and 3rd class hotels 535 12887
Municipality licensed
motels and pensions 32 512
Floating hotels 2 245
Municipal guest houses 11 1138
Other guest houses 10 279
University campus 22 2577 2 234
TOTAL 1119 51091 44 6656
713 OTHER ACCOMMODATION
The following table outlines the
minimum accommodation capacity that
will be available in Istanbul by 2008. To
provide an overview, it includes hotel
rooms indicated in Charts A1, A2, B1 and
B2. The total capacity shown on the table is
57,747 rooms.
However, the table does not include 21
other university housing facilities that
accommodate another 12,844 students
because information on respective room
numbers has not yet been made available
to the IOBC. Nor does it include a large
number of hotels and guesthouses
belonging to the Armed Forces, which may
be used to accommodate local volunteers
and staff from the Armed Forces or from
their families.
A. OFFRETransport aérien
14.1 Données aéroportuaires14.2 Réseau de dessertes
Autoroutes, routes principales et stationnements
14.3 Réseau14.4 Principaux lieux de stationnements
Système de transports publics14.5 Réseau14.6 Véhicules et trafic
Distances et temps de déplacement 14.7 Tableau14.8 CartesB. DEMANDE14.9 Besoins globaux14.10 Spectateurs
C. CONCEPTPlan stratégique des transports
14.11 Objectifs principauxPlanification stratégique
14.12 Organisation14.13 Mesures14.14 Billetterie14.15 Phases de test et d’entraînementD. PLANIFICATION ET GESTION14.16 Autorités14.17 Information14.18 Garanties
OFFER A.
Air transport
Airport data 14.1
Flight network 14.2
Motorways, Main Roads
and Parking Network 14.3
Main Parking Areas 14.4
Public Transport System
Network 14.5
Vehicles and Traffic 14.6
Distances and
Journey Times Table 14.7
Maps 14.8
DEMAND B.
Overall Needs 14.9
Spectators 14.10
CONCEPT C.
Strategic Transport Plan
Main Objectives 14.11
Strategic Planning
Organisation 14.12
Measures 14.13
Ticketing 14.14
Test Event and
Training Phases 14.15
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT D.
Authorities 14.16
Information 14.17
Guarantees 14.18
14 TransportTransports
runway capacity by 15 percent.
Management of the Atatürk
International Airport has confirmed in
writing that the former two projects will
be completed well before 2008.
■ An almost three-fold increase in
passenger capacity is planned at the
Kurtköy Sabiha Gökçen International
Airport. The Airport Management and
Aeronautical Industries Inc. that
operates the airport confirms that the
additional international terminal with an
annual passenger capacity of seven
million will come into service by 2005.
FLIGHT NETWORK
The following information relates to
the Atatürk International Airport only,
since the Kurtköy Airport has only recently
opened.
Domestically, the Atatürk Airport handles
1,358 regular direct flights per week of
Turkish Airlines, which serves 34 cities
nationwide. Frequency of incoming and
outgoing flights increases in summer.
Distribution of international flights, as
presented in table form, points to the
extensive network of European flights,
followed by Asian and North American ones.
MOTORWAYS, MAIN ROADS
AND PARKING
NETWORK
Istanbul is settled mainly along the
east-west axis on the two continents of Asia
and Europe. Two road bridges crossing the
Bosphorus connect the two parts of the city.
3 14Volume Transport 65
OFFER
Istanbul is accessible by air, sea, rail
and motorway, presenting residents of
many countries in the region with
convenient transport options to join in the
celebration of the Games. Two major
highways with interconnected ring roads
serve the city. Istanbul’s rapid transit
system, which is partially operational at
present, is the single largest project being
implemented in the city to facilitate public
transport.
AIR TRANSPORT
AIRPORT DATA
Istanbul is served by two international
airports, one on the European and the
other on the Asian side of the city. The
main airport is the Atatürk International on
the European side; its new international
terminal was opened in January 2000.
Kurtköy International, on the Asian side
was opened in January 2001. The third
airport included in Istanbul’s airport
system for the Games is at Çorlu, very
conveniently located to handle equestrian
traffic. Information on the three airports is
given below.
114
A
Airport
Number of Departure
Gates
Terminal capacity
(passengers/hr)
Domestic International Domestic International
Runway
capacity
(movements/
hr)
Restrictions
on night
flights
Atatürk International 15 30 1,200 3,500 42 None
Kurtköy International 4 8 5001 1,5001 16 None
Çorlu2 2 1,000,000 10 Nonepassengers/yr
1 Hourly estimate provided by the airport authority based on
annual capacity
2 For equestrian traffic; data on hourly passenger capacity
unavailable
Improvements are planned in both of
Istanbul’s two airports, irrespective of the
outcome of the city’s bid to host the
Olympic Games.
■ The capacity of the international
terminal at the main airport will be
increased by 43 percent (from the
present 14 million passengers per year to
20 million passengers per year), and five
new international departure gates will be
added to the existing ones. The new
runway under construction will increase
214
Continent
Regular direct Regular with stopovers
Number of
cities
Flights/
Week
Number of
cities
Flights/
Week
Total Regular
Number of
cities
Flights/
Week
Africa 8 63 8 67 16 130
Asia 30 330 14 113 44 443
Europe 50 1,191 58 850 108 2,041
Australia 5 35 5 35
South America 9 105 9 105
North America 3 42 25 355 28 397
Total 91 1,626 119 1,525 210 3,151
314
3 14Volume Transport 67
The existing (2000) network of highways
and main roads is summarised below.
■ The E80 State Highway and the Trans-
European Motorway (TEM) connect
Istanbul to other cities in the country, as
well as to European and Middle Eastern
countries. With a cross-continental bridge
on each, they also serve Istanbul as ring
roads.
■ The 24-kilometre section of the E80
Highway circles the central city area from
the north. The remainder extends outside
the central area.
■ The TEM is a fully access controlled 2x4-
lane motorway to the north of the E80
State Highway. The section of the TEM
between the Mahmutbey tollbooths near
the Olympic Park and Kozyata¤› on the
Asian side serve urban, as well as transit
traffic.
■ On both the European and the Asian
sides of the city, there are high quality,
2x3-lane roads along the Marmara coast.
■ High standard divided roads that run
along the north-south axis interconnect
the east to west running coastal roads,
the E80 and the TEM. These have multi-
level junctions at points of intersection.
These and other major roads such as the
radial avenues or boulevards of Millet,
Vatan, Piyalepafla, Büyükdere and Ba¤dat
total 2,000 kilometres in length.
Planned (2008) infrastructure will enhance
the existing network significantly.
■ A new motorway planned to the north of
the TEM will provide Istanbul with a third
ring road. Interconnected with the TEM, it
will run along the immediate north of the
Olympic Park (see Map).
■ The 2x3-lane Çobançeflme Junction
(near the Southern Complex in Ataköy)-
Olympic Park-Northern Motorway will be
completed by 2002.
■ The Intercity Bus Terminal (Esenler) –
‹kitelli road and Seyrantepe Junction –
Maslak and Seyrantepe Junction –
Atatürk Sanayi Sitesi roads connecting to
the TEM are scheduled for completion
before 2008.
The main routes that Olympic traffic will
utilise will be the E80 State Highway, the
TEM Motorway, Coastal Main Roads, the
planned Northern Motorway, and
interconnecting roads along the north-
south axis. Radial roads (such as Millet
Caddesi, Vatan Caddesi, Piyalepafla Bulvar›
and Büyükdere Caddesi) from the main
hotel areas of Taksim and Sultanahmet
(Istanbul’s historic peninsula) to the
perimeters will also be used for Olympic
transport.
All roads other than the section of the TEM
to the Klassis Equestrian Club, which is
proposed for equestrian events, and the
two bridges across the Bosphorus, are toll
free. Car toll to Klassis is US$1.10 (one way
in 2000) and may be avoided by taking the
E80 instead. The toll is paid only one way
across the bridges and the present rate for
car is US$1.50.
MAIN PARKING AREAS
There are 324 covered and 1,294 open
parking lots in Istanbul, with a total capacity
of 251,000 vehicles. Sixty percent of
existing parking capacity is in the central
districts of Eminönü, Beyo¤lu, Fatih,
Befliktafl and fiiflli. Parking capacity around
main hotel areas, shopping centres and
competition sites other than the Olympic
Park is 115,000. Most of the remaining
capacity serves transfer points of land-sea
and land-rail traffic. (See Map)
414
3 14Volume Transport 69
The Greater Istanbul Municipality has
planned for an overall addition to parking
capacity of 181,000 in the city. The majority of
new capacity will be in open parking lots.
Work is underway to implement these
projects in 53 different locations, increasing
parking capacity in these areas by 27 percent.
Most of these new parking lots are around the
central city areas and near rail transit stations
to serve as park-and-ride areas.
Since the Games period coincides with the
summer academic recess and vacation
time, when a significant proportion of the
urban population moves to summer
residences or resorts, no major parking
problem is foreseen in central city areas.
Restricting private car access to
competition sites will also reduce parking
demand. Meanwhile, extensive parking
space is planned at the Olympic Park for
buses, minibuses and taxis.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
SYSTEM
NETWORK
The existing (2000) public transport
network operates on road, rail and sea
routes, with the emphasis shifting to rail.
■ IETT, which is a general directorate
attached to the Greater Istanbul
Municipality, operates bus and funicular
transport services in the metropolitan
area. It provides services on a network of
6,100 kilometres over 591 routes covering
an area of 2,500 square kilometres.
Under IETT control, privately owned
buses serve over 220 routes. The bus
system consists of a large number of
trunk lines and shorter (more frequent)
local lines. Minibus services, mostly
owner-operated, are provided along 123
fixed routes, set by the Municipality.
■ TCDD (Turkish State Railways) operates
suburban rail services on a 27.6-kilometre
route on the European and 44.2-
kilometre route on the Asian side of
Istanbul.
■ The Greater Istanbul Municipality
operates an 18-kilometre LRT line and an
11-kilometre tramline on the European
side.
514
■ The first phase of the Istanbul Metro,
opened in October 2000, operates on an
eight-kilometre route along one of the
most congested transport corridors in
the city.
■ State-owned passenger and vehicle
ferries and the Municipality-owned
Istanbul Sea Bus Corporation (IDO)
provide public transport by sea.
Planned (2008) improvements in the
public transport system are based primarily
on the comprehensive study of the Istanbul
Transportation Master Plan. These have
particular significance in Olympic terms
since rail (commuter, metro, LRT and tram)
will be the main transport mode, especially
for spectators.
An extensive construction and upgrading
programme has been commenced to
extend the present rail transit network by
about 150 kilometres. Information on
financing and construction timelines is
provided in table form under Paragraph
14.8, below. The Olympic Park, as well as the
vast majority of other Olympic sites and
venues, will be accessible by a high-
capacity, fast and environmentally friendly
rail transit system (see Map).
The Bosphorus Railway Tunnel Crossing will
link the Asian and European commuter
lines, which will be upgraded as rapid
transit lines. This will provide rail
connection between the airports on the two
sides of the city. Metro and LRT lines will
link central city districts to the Olympic
Park, as well as the Village site of Halkal›
that is now served by Municipal buses.
All transit lines will be served by high-
capacity park-and-ride facilities, which will
be available at no extra charge to ticket-
holders during the Games. This will make
public transport an attractive alternative
for spectators and help restrict private car
access to competition sites to authorised
vehicles.
Metro (underground): Construction has
started to extend the existing Taksim–4th
Levent Metro line south for physical
integration with commuter rail services at
the Yenikap› primary interchange terminal.
The 3.2-kilometre northern extension of the
3 14Volume Transport 71
Metro, on the other hand, will serve a major
business district developed around Maslak.
This north-south Metro line will further be
extended to the northeast, penetrating
some of the most densely populated urban
areas and be integrated with the planned
LRT link to the Olympic Park. The Park will
also be served by a northern extension of
the commuter rail line from Halkal›.
Planned construction of new lines and
extensions will provide Istanbul with a 47-
kilometre Metro network by 2008.
LRT: A far-reaching LRT network of 78
kilometres is planned to serve densely
populated areas that are not served by the
Metro. The airport connection of the
existing LRT line is under construction. A
major extension of the existing LRT line will
link the Intercity Bus Terminal to the
Olympic Park.
VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC
About one fourth of the total number
of motor vehicles in Turkey are registered in
Istanbul. Although public transport
accounts for 60 percent of the 10 million
motorised daily trips in the city, more than
half of all daily trips are made by buses and
minibuses.
The existing (2000) bus fleet includes
2,569 IETT (Municipal) buses that carry
about two million passengers per day (328
passengers/km) and 1,160 privately
operated buses that carry about 1.3 million
passengers per day. The share of buses in
motorised daily trips totals one third.
About 7,000 minibuses carry an average
number of two million passengers per day.
The existing fleet of about 18,000 taxicabs
is fully fitted with meters and partly
organised in radio-linked groups. Together
with 700 shared-taxis, they account for
about one million passenger trips per day.
Current rail traffic on main rail transit lines
is summarised on the right in table form.
State owned passenger and vehicle ferries
(73 vessels) account for 220,000 passenger
trips per day on average. The IDO operates
14 sea buses over 39 lines, serving 22
terminals in the metropolitan area and
carrying 20,000 passengers per day. The
IDO also operates high-speed intercity car
ferries over five lines across the Marmara
Sea.
The predicted (2008) rise in the city’s
population sets the average number of
motorised daily trips at an estimated 16 to
17 million. Since the Games will be held
during the high season for vacation, a 25
percent decrease is expected in the
normal weekday peak hour traffic.
Although the overall share of public
transport is likely to remain about the
same, the share of rail transit in total
public transport is expected to reach 25
percent by 2008. This will reflect a
significant switch from bus and especially
minibus rides to rail transport.
The introduction of the extensive rail
transit system to serve high demand areas
will facilitate more efficient and better
quality operation of buses and minibuses.
The Municipality plans to reorganise bus
and minibus routes, reducing the number
of trunk lines and integrating them with
local (feeder) lines in outer city areas. The
IETT plans to increase the Municipal fleet
by 1,200 buses by 2008. The overall share
of buses and minibuses in motorised daily
trips, on the other hand, will be reduced to
an estimated one third by 2008.
During the Olympic Games, buses and cars
assigned to members of the Olympic
Family will have exclusive use of dedicated
lanes on main streets and access roads.
Overall, 85 percent of the spectators will
use the Olympics adapted public transport
system, with an estimated 61 percent
being transported by rail and 24 percent
being transported by buses and
minibuses.
Length
(km)
Traffic
(passenger/day)
Traffic density
(passenger/day/km)
Capacity
(passenger/hr/direction)
Suburban rail 72.0 172,000 2,389 10,000
LRT 18.0 165,000 9,167 22,000
Tramway 11.0 135,000 12,273 12,000
Metro 8.5 90,000 10,588 60,000
Total 109,5 562,000 51,324 104,000
614
15 20 15
3 14Volume Transports72
27
Main Hotel Area 4
(Bak›rköy)
Zone principale deshôtels 4 (Bak›rköy)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Km
Peak
hours
tempsde
pointe(min/mn)
Off
peak
hours
tempsmoyen(min/mn)
Main Hotel Area 3
(Befliktafl)
Quartier des Zoneprincipale des hôtels
3 (Befliktafl)
Main Hotel Area 2
(Old city-
Sultanahmet)
Quartier des Zoneprincipale des hôtels
2 (Vieille Ville-Sultanahmet)
Main Hotel Area 1
(Taksim)
Zone principale deshôtels 1 (Taksim)
MPC/IBC
CPP/CIRTV
Olympic Stadium/
Olympic Park
Stade Olympique/Parc Olympique
Olympic Village /
Js'&Rs' Village /
Media Village
Village Olympique/Village des Juges etdes Arbitres/ Village
des Médias
FROM - TO
DE - À
Olympic Village / Js'&Rs' Village / Media Village
Village Olympique/ Village des Juges et desArbitres/ Village des Médias
EN VOITRE / BY CAR
EN TRANSPORTS PUBLICS / BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Olympic Stadium / Olympic Park
Stade Olympique/ Parc Olympique
1
2
MPC/IBC - CPP/CIRTV3
Atatürk International Airport
Aéroport International d'Atatürk5
Kurtköy International Airport
Aéroport International d'Kurtköy6
Ba¤c›lar Badminton Hall
Salle de Badminton de Ba¤c›lar7
Rowing & Canoeing - Aviron and Canoë8
Klassis Equestrian Club - Club équestre du Klasis9
‹stinye /Enka/Polygon - ‹stinye /Enka/Polygone10
‹stanbul ‹nönü Stadium - Stade d'‹nönü d'‹stanbul11
Caddebostan Olympic Marina
Marina Olympique de Caddebostan12
Belgrad Forest - Forêt de Belgrade13
14
262524321ZONE NUMBER / NUMERO DE ZONE
ZON
E N
UM
BER
/ N
UMER
O D
E ZO
NE
Ataköy Dome / Olympic Natatorium /
Beach Volleyball Centre / Mydonose Showland
Dôme d'Ataköy/ Natatorium Olympique/Stade de Volleyball de Plage/ Mydonose Showland
15 Yeflilyurt Sports Club - Club Sportif de Yeflilyurt
16Abdi ‹pekçi Hall / Kazl›çeflme Arena
Salle Abdi ‹pekçi/Arène de Kazl›çeflme
3 3 3
10 15 10
10 15 10
60 45 40
6 10 7
2 3 3
75 60 60
26 30 22
27 30 20
42 40 31
37 35 30
14 15 12
14 15 13
19 20 17
13 20 12
13 20 12
60 45 40
7 11 7
5 8 8
75 60 60
27 25 21
25 25 20
41 35 31
36 35 30
16 15 13
16 15 13
20 23 20
58 45 40
9 10 8
12 15 10
60 65 65
30 30 22
20 25 20
36 40 40
38 35 31
4 5 4
4 5 5
12 13 10
27 26 22
24 26 21
21 25 20
21 25 20
38 45 40
20 26 20
25 28 23
80 65 65
10 20 15
1 5 5
18 25 20
23 35 25
16 25 20
19 25 20
11 20 15
22 22 18
23 22 18
13 18 12
13 18 12
46 45 40
27 27 24
25 25 20
23 20 18
14 14 12
28 28 25
30 30 25
14 17 13
23 23 20
17 17 15
24 28 25
26 28 25
20 26 15
20 26 15
36 40 35
20 27 23
22 25 25
9 20 15
3 10 6
16 23 15
22 28 23
20 28 24
7 18 14
16 22 15
17 20 15
8 15 12
8 15 12
64 60 55
12 23 15
12 21 15
23 24 20
15 17 13
31 34 28
36 35 30
2 4 3
6 15 13
5 5 4
Olympic Village / Js'&Rs' Village / Media Village
Village Olympique/ Village des Juges et desArbitres/ Village des Médias
Olympic Stadium / Olympic Park
Stade Olympique/ Parc Olympique
1
2
MPC/IBC - CPP/CIRTV3
Atatürk International Airport
Aéroport International d'Atatürk5
Kurtköy International Airport
Aéroport International d'Kurtköy6
Ba¤c›lar Badminton Hall
Salle de Badminton de Ba¤c›lar7
Rowing & Canoeing - Aviron and Canoë8
‹stinye /Enka/Polygon - ‹stinye /Enka/Polygone10
‹stanbul ‹nönü Stadium - Stade d'‹nönü d'‹stanbul11
Caddebostan Olympic Marina
Marina Olympique de Caddebostan12
Belgrad Forest - Forêt de Belgrade13
14
Ataköy Dome / Olympic Natatorium /
Beach Volleyball Centre / Mydonose Showland
Dôme d'Ataköy/ Natatorium Olympique/Stade de Volleyball de Plage/ Mydonose Showland
15 Yeflilyurt Sports Club - Club Sportif de Yeflilyurt
16Abdi ‹pekçi Hall / Kazl›çeflme Arena
Salle Abdi ‹pekçi/Arène de Kazl›çeflme
10 25 23
10 25 23
60 67 67
6 14 14
2 17 15
26 42 37
27 29 29
42 45 40
37 87 75
14 34 30
14 27 22
19 25 25
13 30 25
13 30 25
60 67 67
7 17 17
5 25 22
27 46 41
25 31 31
41 47 40
36 88 80
16 36 30
16 35 30
20 26 26
58 62 62
9 29 25
12 24 20
30 40 35
20 27 27
36 40 35
38 86 75
4 16 12
12 28 28
27 29 29
24 31 31
21 27 22
21 27 22
38 51 51
20 23 23
25 37 32
10 24 20
1 10 10
18 36 31
23 69 60
16 32 27
19 27 22
11 21 21
22 29 29
23 31 31
13 23 20
13 23 20
46 59 59
27 24 24
25 38 32
23 38 33
14 23 23
28 36 31
30 81 71
14 24 20
23 26 23
17 22 22
24 35 30
26 33 28
20 34 30
20 34 30
36 48 48
20 25 25
22 40 35
9 23 20
3 13 13
16 36 31
22 67 60
15 34 30
20 32 27
7 23 23
16 30 25
17 34 30
8 16 12
8 16 12
64 59 59
12 27 27
12 27 25
23 40 35
15 25 25
31 38 33
36 83 75
2 18 15
6 20 16
5 19 19
DISTANCES ET TEMPS DEDEPLACEMENT
TABLEAU / TABLE714
3 14Volume Transport 73
DISTANCES AND JOURNEY
TIMES
MAP / CARTE814
3 14Volume Transport 75
DEMAND
OVERALL NEEDS
The IOBC estimates that about 12,000
recruits will be needed for Olympic
transport services. Of these, about 7,000
will be drivers to meet the requirements of
two drivers per car and 1.5 per bus. The
majority of drivers will be professionals who
are already familiar with main and
alternative routes in the city. Others will be
recruited from among tourist guides and
university students. In addition to
requirements of language proficiency and
communication skills, all drivers will
complete a comprehensive training
programme on primary and regular
Olympic traffic.
The transport communications centre will
release documentary information (guides,
timetables, bulletins on Olympic activity
and other travel advice) and provide real
time transport information through a call
centre and website. Special transport
documents and a call centre will be
available for accredited groups. In addition,
transport liason officers will be assigned to
different groups (teams, IFs, media, etc.)
and Olympic sites (including five- and four-
star hotels, as well as Olympic and Media
villages, MMC, competition and training
sites). They will have direct access to
information on road closures, clearways
and alternative routes to ensure swift
traffic flow. Recruitment and the training
programme for transport liason officers will
be integrated with that for drivers.
Transport logistics staff will be organised in
co-operation with national and city
transport authorities. Its management will
participate in the development of category-
and venue-based transport plans, including
parking schemes, to ensure smooth
implementation. It will also co-ordinate the
transport workforce of drivers and liason
officers.
SPECTATORS
The estimated number of spectators
at the two main clusters of competition
venues (the Olympic Park and the Southern
Complex in Ataköy) and at ‹stinye, which is
the third multi-sport site, as well as their
distribution by source and mode of
transport are shown in table form.
The estimated number of spectators for
each venue and site is based on such
parameters as respective capacity of
venues, total number of seats available to
spectators, expected ticket sales and level
of interest in specific sports. Proposed
modes of transport, on the other hand, take
into account site locations with respect to
various transportation services, estimated
points of origin of spectator groups and
parking schemes. No spectator cars will be
allowed in the Olympic Park, for example,
although the site is being developed with
extensive parking areas.
Overall, rail transport is planned for 61 percent
of the spectators and bus/minibus transport is
planned for 24 percent. The remaining 15
percent will be transported by car.
CONCEPT
STRATEGIC TRANSPORT
PLAN
MAIN OBJECTIVES
The IOBC plans on setting up services
that will:
■ Ensure punctuality, convenience and
quality of transportation that will satisfy
all Olympic requirements, thus
contributing significantly to the success
of the Games.
Total
Number of spectators Source (percent) Modal split (percent)
Site
Average Maximum Istanbul Turkey Abroad RailBus/
minibuscar
Olympic Park 2,956,986 173,940 256,086 39 14 47 80 20 0
Southern Complex 1,167.390 72,962 89,910 54 15 31 34 33 33
‹stinye 158,175 10,545 19,350 42 10 48 70 10 20
B
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C
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3 14Volume Transport 77
■ Incorporate special transport arrange-
ments for the Olympic Family, IFs, media
and other accredited groups along
relevant guidelines (shuttle services,
dedicated cars, special transport and
vehicles, freight handling, hired
transport, etc.)
■ Emphasise the environmentally friendly
modes of transport and vehicles.
■ Minimise the negative impact of Olympic
transport on daily life in the city.
■ Ensure prompt handling of potential
emergencies through prior testing of
back-up plans.
■ Maximise cost efficiency in Olympic
transport, as well as in overall Games
organisation.
In practice, the transport plan aims at:
■ Separating official Olympic traffic from
general spectator traffic.
■ Separating competition site traffic from
regular daily traffic. This will be
facilitated by the location of sites in
general and the location of the Olympic
Park in particular.
■ Distinguishing between unique (e.g.
equestrian) vs. common and focal (e.g.
Village, MMC) vs. dispersed transport
needs, as well as between regular vs.
critical (peak arrivals, peak site
attendance, etc.) demand.
■ Discouraging use of private cars and
promoting public and shared transport;
setting up vehicle pools that will be
available for different categories of the
Olympic Family on request.
■ Limiting parking permits and directing
authorised vehicles to specific parking
lots.
■ Training drivers and other transport staff
about Olympic travel and routes.
■ Controlling and co-ordinating traffic
through an integrated network of main
and secondary transport centres.
Contingency plans will be developed for
Olympic Family and spectator transport.
These will include reserve capacity in
vehicles and personnel, alternative modes
of transport (including VIP helicopters, if
necessary) and shifts to alternative routes.
The addition of a limited number of rail cars
will also be planned.
The major constraint of the transport plan
is identified as spectator transport between
the Olympic Park and central city areas.
Major test events approximating Olympic
visitor density will be planned before the
Olympic Park transport programmes are
finalised.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
ORGANISATION
Organisation of Olympic transport will
follow from a set of planning documents
that will define strategies, programme
areas, operational principles, procedures,
contingency plans and timelines, together
with powers and responsibilities.
The transport system for the Olympic
Family will meet IOC, NOC and IF
requirements as outlined in the IOC Manual
for Candidate Cities and related
documents. It will be designed to ensure
punctuality, as well as maximum security
and comfort.
On arrival, members of the Olympic Family
will enjoy special services at the airport.
With appropriate accreditation, they will be
welcomed with no visa requirements or
customs formalities. This will facilitate their
rapid transfer from the airport to their
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3 14Volume Transport 79
respective points of accommodation by
dedicated cars or buses. On departure,
advance and group check-in arrangements
will be made and transport liason officers
will accompany groups from their
accommodation to the airport right up to
passport control. The Atatürk International
Airport will handle all Olympic Family
flights, including charter planes that NOCs,
for example, may choose to use.
■ Dedicated cars will be the primary means
of transport for Olympic Family members
other than athletes and officials. There
will also be scheduled bus services and
provisions for free travel on the spectator
transport system for this group.
■Athletes, team officials and technical
officials will have dedicated bus fleets
that will provide scheduled, pre-booked
and on-request transport services. They
will have access to car pools and special
vehicles as required. They will also have
free travel on the public and Olympic
spectator transport systems.
■ Accredited media transport will be based
on the star principle with the MMC as the
main hub or central point of the star, as
required. There will also be transport sub-
centres to facilitate transport of media
members, depending on the competition
schedule. In addition to regular and
frequent media shuttles, requirements
for special vehicles, cars and staffing will
be met.
■ OCOG, logistical support staff and
volunteers will travel free on the public
and Olympic transport systems.
Management will have access to car and
bus fleets to assign for specific tasks as
needed.
■ All of the above mentioned groups will
have parking authorisation, with
reserved parking areas and
corresponding parking stickers on
vehicles.
■ Spectators will travel free on the Olympic
transport system.
MEASURES
As already mentioned, immigration
and customs formalities will be reduced to
a minimum to ensure swift flow of traffic at
the airports. Traffic arrangements,
including dedicated lanes, restrictions on
primary and inner city roads, re-routing of
normal traffic and banning street parking,
will be easily made in Istanbul since the city
is accustomed to, and the authorities are
well experienced in, such arrangements on
the occasion of high level international
events.
The coincidence of the Games period with
vacation time will relieve normal city traffic
significantly (by an estimated 25 percent).
In addition, industries near main Olympic
sites will be encouraged to plan factory
shut down periods during the Games in
2008.
All normal deliveries within the Olympic
Ring, an area of five-kilometres in diameter
around main Olympic sites, will be
restricted to early morning hours (e.g.
midnight to 5:00 AM). Other zoning
arrangements will be made to adjust daily
pickup and delivery patterns to Olympic
transport plans. In co-operation with
carriers, incentives will be introduced for
major businesses and retailers to build up
inventories and stocks prior to the Games.
Time schedules will be drawn up for food
deliveries.
Pedestrian routes will be designated
between Olympic sites and nearby railway
stations in the area.
TICKETING
Combined electronic and telephone
ticketing will be offered. Holders of tickets
for events will travel free on the spectator
Olympic transport system.
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At present, the integrated electronic
ticketing system (Akbil) enables
passengers to travel on Municipal (IETT)
and privately operated buses, ferries and
sea buses, LRT, metro and commuter
trains in Istanbul. No problem is foreseen
in introducing an integrated electronic
ticketing system for the Games.
TEST EVENT AND
TRAINING PHASES
The Istanbul Olympic Transport Plan
will be subject to periodic trial and
improvement in advance of the Games.
The process will involve the testing of
specific transport components and
associated training programmes. The IOBC
will:
■ Test venue transport plans. This will
start with the Olympic Stadium, which is
due for completion in December 2001,
and the Ataköy Dome. Major events will
be scheduled for these two key sites
early on, especially to provide an insight
into incident management.
■ Test specific components of Olympic
Family transport, spectator transport,
etc.
■ Develop trial procedures for transport
command, control and communications.
■ Provide transport managers and staff
with information directly relevant to
training programmes.
If Istanbul is awarded the 2008 Olympic
Games, pre-Olympic test events for almost
every sport on the Games programme will
take place between 12 to 18 months in
advance of the games. These will be high-
level international events and will ensure
rigorous testing of the transport system,
as well as allowing for sufficient time for
corrective measures.
PLANNING ANDMANAGEMENT
AUTHORITIES
The Istanbul Olympic Transport
Authority will have ultimate responsibility
for developing, testing, implementing and
monitoring the Olympic transport plan, as
well as its co-ordination with the daily
traffic in the city. It will have an executive
board chaired by the OCOG Director of
Transport. The board will include the
Director of the Municipal Department of
Transport, the General Manager of IETT
(Municipal bus company), the Directors
General of Asian and European State
Railways, the Regional Directors of the
State Highway Authority (for 1st and 17th
regions covering Istanbul and environs)
and the Traffic Control Authority attached
to the Istanbul Department of Security.
A government-level protocol will be drawn
up to co-ordinate powers and
responsibilities of representatives of various
ministries in the Olympic Transport
Authority. These principles of co-
ordination will be established by a board
chaired by the Undersecretary of the
Prime Ministry and including
undersecretaries of relevant ministries
(e.g. Interior, Transport, Public Works,
Environment, and Maritime).
Under the Turkish Olympic Law, the IOBC
(the forerunner of the Istanbul OCOG) is
authorised to make all arrangements for
the Olympic Games, while all public bodies
are obliged to provide priority services to
the IOBC.
INFORMATION
At present, the Traffic Management
Centre attached to the Greater Istanbul
Municipal Department of Transport
monitors and controls signalised road
junctions and main roads throughout the
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city. There are 720 signalised road
junctions in the city. Of these, 167 are
computer monitored and manipulated,
when necessary, from the Traffic
Management Centre. Traffic on main roads
and intersections is also monitored
through 10 cameras positioned in key
locations. The Traffic Management Centre
informs drivers of traffic densities by radio.
The number of signalised road junctions
will rise to 1,000 by 2004. Work is
underway to increase computer monitored
and manipulated signalised junctions to
416 and the number of traffic monitoring
cameras to 100 by 2004.
Istanbul’s being awarded the 2008 Games
will speed up improvements in traffic
management and communications
facilities. Istanbul already has a well-
developed telecommunications infra-
structure and will have state-of-the-art
technology in place to monitor traffic and
Olympic transport operations.
GUARANTEES
Relevant authorities have provided
guarantees for all projects mentioned in
reply to questions under this theme. The
original documents have been submitted
to the IOC and respective reference
numbers have been indicated on the
column at the far right of the following
table.
Yenibosna–Atatürk
International Airport
Light Rail
Taksim-Yenikap› Subway
Intercity Bus Terminal –
Mahmutbey – ‹kitelli –
Olympic Park – Baflak
Housing Subway + Light Rail
Gebze–Haydarpafla; Sirkeci
– Halkal› Surface Rail
Eminönü–Üsküdar Rail
Tube–Tunnel Crossing
4th Levent–Ayaza¤a Subway
Zeytinburnu – Güngören –
Ba¤c›lar Tramway
Yenikap› – Topkap› -
Ba¤c›lar Subway
Çobançeflme Junction –
Olympic Park South
Junction – Olympic Park
North Junction Highway
Hasdal Junction – Olympic
Park North Junction –
Had›mköy Junction (3rd
Ring Road connection)
Halkal›– ‹kitelli Light Rail
Kartal – Kurtköy – Pendik –
Tuzla Light Rail
Halkal›– Olympic Village –
Olympic Park –
Halkal›(loop) Surface Rail
Atatürk International
Airport/Capacity increase
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + domestic
and foreign loans
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + domestic
and foreign loans
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + domestic
and foreign loans
DLH1
DLH1+ foreign loan (OECF)2
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + domestic
and foreign loans
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + domestic
and foreign loans
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + domestic
and foreign loans
State Highway Authority +
IOBC3 + domestic and
foreign loans
State Highway Authority
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + foreign loan
Greater Istanbul
Municipality + foreign loan
DLH1
General Directorate of
Atatürk Airport
Construction
under way
Construction
under way
Construction
under way
Turkish-Japanese
joint venture
successful in
engineering
prequalification
tender. Construction
to start in May 2000
Project designed
Project being
designed
Project being
designed
Project being
designed
Project designed
Project under
study
Project under
study
Project under
study
Planned
2001
2002
2003
2007
2007
2003
2004
2004
2002
2004
20024
20024
20024
Before 2008
18.26/Mayor
18.26/Mayor
18.26/Mayor
18.26/DLH
18.26/DLH
18.26/Mayor
18.26/Mayor
18.26/Mayor
18.26/State
Highway
Authority
18.26/State
Highway
Authority
18.26/Mayor
18.26/Mayor
18.26/DLH
18.26/Gen. Dir. of
Atatürk Airport
Project Financing Stage of projectDue for
completion
Guarantee
Reference
1 Ministry of Transportation General Directorate of Railways, Harbours and Airports Construction
2 Overseas Economic Co-operation Fund of Japan
3 Istanbul Olympic Bidding Committee
4 Project completion date
1814
15.1 Plans et méthodes de recrutement 15.2 Niveau d’ouverture du marché 15.3 Licences accordées15.4 Organismes régulateurs du marché15.5 Gestion des fréquences15.6 Infrastructures de téléphonie fixe et de transmissions de données15.7 Infrastructures de téléphonie mobile15.8 Infrastructures satellites et sous-marines15.9 Infrastructures Internet15.10 Réseaux radios privés15.11 Services offerts 15.12 Tarifs15.13 Nouvelles organizations, infrastructures et nouveaux services
Plans and Methods of Recruitment 15.1
The Market's Level of Openness 15.2
Licences Awarded 15.3
Regulatory Bodies for the Market 15.4
Frequency Control 15.5
Fixed Telephony and Data Transmission Infrastructure 15.6
Mobile Telephony Infrastructure 15.7
Satellite and Submarine Infrastructures 15.8
Internet Infrastructures 15.9
Private Radio Networks 15.10
Services Offered 15.11
Tariffs 15.12
New Organisations, Infrastructure and Services 15.13
15 TechnologyTechnologie
THE MARKET’S LEVEL
OF OPENNESS TO
COMPETITION
A new law, which came into effect in
January 2000, brought fundamental
changes to the regulated telecommu-
nications environment in Turkey and
introduced a significant step towards the
liberalisation of the sector and the
privatisation process. The key results of
the new legislation were the formation of
an independent regulatory body, the lifting
of the monopoly in basic voice and data
services by 31 December 2003, complete
liberalisation of value added services,
introduction of price regulations, and a
plain definition of interconnection
procedures. A government plan to sell 33.5
percent of Turk Telekom shares to a
strategic partner was passed in December
2000.
At present, there are two mobile telephone
operators in Turkey, namely TURKCELL
and TELS‹M. Two additional operators will
commence activities in 2001. One of these
new operators will be Turk Telekom itself,
and the other, ISTIM will be a joint venture
between ‹fl Bankas›, a major local bank, and
an Italian partner, Telecom Italia.
Other telecommunication service
providers in Turkey are six cable TV
operators, more than 80 Internet service
providers, two VSAT operators – COMSAT
and VER‹NET – and Dexar, which provides
DirectPC services of Hughes Network
Systems and supplies the NOC of Turkey.
LICENCES AWARDED
As fixed voice and data networks are
solely installed and operated by Turk
Telekom, there are no licenses issued in
this category.
Two licenses were issued for GSM 900 in
1994, and two for GSM 1800 in April 2000.
3 15Volume Technology 87
PLANS AND METHODS OF
RECRUITMENT
The IOBC considers that the major
part of the staffing and training work for
the technology requirements of the
Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games will depend
on close co-operation with the key
sponsors, which already have well-
established branches in Turkey, and several
third-party service providers. One of the
main missions of the Istanbul OCOG’s
Technology Department will be managing
and co-ordinating these sponsors and
service providers in fulfilling staffing and
training requirements.
The IOBC estimates that 200 person-years
will be required for the design,
development, testing, standardisation and
implementation phases of the Olympic
telecommunications and information
system. In addition, around 5,000
volunteers, 750 of them specialists, will be
needed to carry out technology services
during the time of the Games.
In order to hire the relatively large number
of specifically skilled staff, especially in the
venue technology implementation field,
the Istanbul OCOG will take into
consideration market place (and above)
salaries, and seek recruitment of personnel
who have participated either in previous
Games or similar-sized one-off events.
Furthermore, it will also engage short and
medium term specialist consultants to
carry out specific jobs.
As to volunteers, recruitment, training and
management policy will primarily be based
on the contractual obligations of
technology sponsors. Turkey’s rapidly
growing body of non-governmental
voluntary organisations, and Istanbul’s
currently 300,000-strong pool of youth in
higher education, will provide the Istanbul
OCOG with a vast source of potential
volunteers.
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3 15Volume Technology 89
No third generation UMTS licenses have
been awarded to date.
REGULATORY BODIES FOR
THE MARKET
The Ministry of Communications is
exclusively responsible for setting the
policies for the telecommunications sector
in Turkey. At present, it is also responsible
for issuing new licenses, e.g. for UMTS.
On 15 August 2000, the Telecommu-
nications Authority replaced the former
General Directorate of Radio Trans-
missions. The Authority has the res-
ponsibility to regulate the industry in
economic and technical terms, to control
and supervise it, to arbitrate the interfaces,
to plan and allocate the frequency
spectrum, and to ensure that a competitive
atmosphere prevails in the sector. It is an
independent, legal public entity with
administrative and financial autonomy, and
governed by a Telecommunications Board.
FREQUENCY CONTROL
The body responsible for
controlling the frequencies
The Telecommunications Authority,
described above under paragraph 15.4, is
responsible for allocating and controlling
radio transmission frequencies.
Tariffs
Payment will be required for the
reservation of radio transmission
frequencies during the period of the
Istanbul 2008 Olympic Games.
What follows is a representative summary
of the tariffs set for the year 2001, in US$
equivalents at the current exchange rate.
The amounts represent rates for a one-
year frequency reservation; for
reservations of periods shorter than six
months, rates should be calculated by
multiplying the respective yearly rate by
the respective fraction of the year for
which the reservation is sought.
1. ‘Right to use’ certificate US$
Radio transmitters up to 50kW (per terminal) 11.4
TV transmitters (each) 22.8
Transponders (each) 11.4
120 channel radio link system (per terminal) 22.8
Radio-TV- telecommunication satellite ground terminal (each) 57.0
2. Operational fees
a. VHF,UHF, SHF systems (per channel, per terminal)
Simplex channels 2.28
Duplex channels 4.56
Duplex relay channels 6.84
b. Radio link systems (per hop, per channel) 0.23
c. Satellite stationary ground terminal 114.00
Assurance
For a letter by the Chairman of the
Telecommunications Authority, confirming
that the Authority is prepared to allocate
the necessary frequencies for the
organisation of the 2008 Istanbul Games,
and will include reservation of these
frequencies as required in its allocation
plans for the proposed Games period,
please refer to Theme 18, Ref. 18.27.
FIXED TELEPHONY AND
DATA TRANSMISSION
INFRASTRUCTURE
Level of domestic telephony
facilities
The level of telephony penetration, as
of November 2000, in Turkey and in
Istanbul, is presented below in table form.
Telephony Turkey Istanbul
Digital lines 17,524,000 3,900,000
Analogue lines 3,145,000 100,000
Total lines 20,669,000 4,000,000
Penetration level 31 % 39 %
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3 15Volume Technology 91
Level of the telephone network
Turk Telekom’s telephone network in
public switching is mainly digital, using
products of Nortel Networks (DMS100),
Alcatel (S12), and Siemens (EWSD). At
present, there are no operators other than
Turk Telekom in the public switching network.
Level of digitisation
Eighty-five percent of the telephone
network is digitised.
Data transmission services
There are two data transmission
networks providing service in Turkey.
Maximum rate for the services provided is
2.4 Gbit/second.
TURPAK (Turkish Packet Switched Data
Network) supports ITI, DIAL-UP, X-25, SDLC,
and Frame Relay.
This network is accessible all around
Turkey, with 87/113 Mbps international
connections provided to 68 countries and
72 networks. Direct access to TURPAK
services is provided via ITI, X.25 and SDLC
protocols. Access over the telephone
network is via public access (ITI) and
specific access (ITI, X.32, X.25) protocols.
The TTNET (Turk Telekom’s public IT
network) operates with the following
technologies: FR/LL, PSTN, ATM, ADSL, B-
ISDN.
Backbone 155 Mbps (ATM Rings), with redundancy
Intercity 2/34 Mbps
Istanbul-Europe 8/34 Mbps via Turksat satellite
Istanbul-USA 45/45 Mbps via fibre optic cable
Ankara-USA 34/34 Mbps via fibre optic cable
There are two public TDM networks in
operation at the present:
NEWBRIDGE
Leased line subscribers can access the
network from 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps speed
with integrated modems. HDSL
technology is also used in the Newbridge
TDM network. Newbridge TDM nodes are
installed in more than 80 cities.
TELLABS
High speed point to point data
connectivity and frame relay access
requirements are satisfied via this
network.
The two networks (Newbridge and Tellabs)
are connected with each other via 2 Mbps
gateways to provide interconnection
among the users of the two networks. The
VPN (Virtual Private Network) service is
also made available for the users of the
two TDM networks. By the VPN facility, the
users of each TDM network can manage
their private networks.
Level of security
The security of the Turk Telekom
fixed infrastructure is maintained against:
1) Disruption due to breakdowns and
sabotage: There are alternate routes of
fibre optic cable between telephone
exchanges. All cable is underground.
Manholes at 70-metre intervals are
connected with multi-conduit runs.
Splicing is done in the manholes.
2) Interference by competitors or
undesirable elements: Standard levels of
security are provided by Turk Telekom’s
own staff and the police.
Virtual private networks
Virtual private networks are available
on the Turk Telekom Network, such as
TTNET and TURPAK.
6
4
15
6
2
15
6
3
15
6
5
15
6
6
15
GSM 1800 Mhz. system will start operation
in January 2001. Third generation UMTS
has not been licensed as yet.
Support of WAP and GPRS
type protocols
The above-described networks
support WAP and GPRS protocols.
Sufficiency of installed
stations
Present mobile telephony operators
currently have sufficient network
equipment to cover a traffic over and
above that normally expected during daily
peak hours, as well as during national
holidays. If Istanbul is elected to host the
2008 Games, such equipment will be
supplemented in sufficient quantities to
carry the traffic expected during period of
the Games.
Radio frequency distribution
The radio frequency distribution by
mobile telephony service operators in
Turkey is shown below in table form:
Operator System Channels - frequency
TURKCELL GSM900 50 channels in the 900 MHz frequency band
TELS‹M GSM900 50 channels in the 900 MHz frequency band
ISTIM GSM 1800 6 channels in the 900 MHz frequency band
75 channels in the 1800 MHz frequency band
Pager network
A pager network with 150,000
subscribers is currently in operation.
Connection between sites
All sites scheduled to host events of
the Istanbul 2008 Games are connected by
fibre optic networks for the transmission of
voice, video and data signals. Plans have
been already put into place to install a new
switching centre within the Olympic Park.
MOBILE TELEPHONY
INFRASTRUCTURE
Level of mobile telephone
facilities
Nationwide, there are, as of end-
November 2000, 15.7 million mobile
telephone subscribers in a population of 65.8
million, which means a penetration rate of 24
percent. Turkey has the highest rate of
increase of usage of mobile phones in Europe.
Territory covered
The two operators (TURKCELL uses
Ericsson, and TELS‹M uses Motorola and
Nokia equipment), singly or combined, cover
all the cities, all interconnecting highways,
and the coastline. Considering the size of
the country, there may be parts too remote
to provide coverage, but the penetration
rate achieved in only five years of operation
and the enthusiasm of the public for
wireless telephony should ensure maximum
possible coverage in the near future.
The province and the city of Istanbul have
total mobile telephone coverage. The
network is fully capable of servicing the
traffic expected during the Games.
Types of service offered
Second generation GSM 900 Mhz.
service has been available since 1994. The
3 15Volume Technology 93
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2
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4
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7
3
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7
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7
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6
15
7
7
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3 15Volume Technology 95
SATELLITE AND
SUBMARINE
INFRASTRUCTURES
Two companies, COMSAT and
VER‹NET, provide VSAT (very small
aperture terminal) services via TURKSAT
satellites. They are joint ventures operating
on a revenue-share basis.
COMSAT, owned by Turk Telekom and the
Lockheed Martin Corporation, provides
satellite technology and global commu-
nication network services.
VER‹NET, owned by Turk Telekom and
Hughes Network Systems, provide ISBN
(integrated satellite business network)
communications to government and
private organisations via TURKSAT’s
already operational two satellites
(TURKSAT 1B and TURKSAT 1C), national
and international SCPC links, the Internet
backbone connections and the nationwide
integrated (satellite and terrestrial) VPN
solutions. On the other hand, Turk
Telekom’s submarine fibre optic cable
systems include:
EMOS-1 Eastern Mediterranean
System, in use since 1990
SEA ME WE-2 Southeast Asia, the Middle
East, Western European
system, in use since 1994
ITUR Italy, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia
system, in use since 1996
KAFOS Black Sea fibre system, in
use since 1997
SEA ME WE-3 Domestic fibre optic cable
system
INTERNET
INFRASTRUCTURES
Internet service providers
At present, there are more than 80
Internet service providers in the country.
The largest seven service more than 80
percent of the user base.
Internet subscribers
Number of subscribers to Turkey’s
more than 80 Internet service providers is
conservatively estimated to be close to two
million.
Types of broad band rapid
Internet access
There are 2,500 cable Internet
subscribers, covered by six service
providers. ADSL will be widely deployed in
2001. Satellite based broad band Internet
services are offered by Dexar, which
provides the DirectPC services of Hughes
Network Systems in Turkey.
PRIVATE RADIO
NETWORKS
Trunk radio type services
There are no trunk type private radio
networks in Turkey. For such public networks,
on the other hand, the Telecommunications
Authority, described above under paragraph
15.4, allocates frequencies for voice, data and
video services.
Trunk type networks in
operation
Turk Telekom operates the nationwide
public radio network. Other major public
radio networks with local and regional
coverage are operated by the National
Police, the Natural Gas Company (BOTAfi),
and the Electricity Generating and
Distribution Company (TEAfi).
Subscribers
The above-mentioned radio networks
serve no subscribers outside of their networks.
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Charge Band I: Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Hungary, Macedonia, Moldavia,
Greece.
Charge Band II: European countries (except
those included in Charge Band I), Albania,
Azerbaijan, Gibraltar, Algeria, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Morocco, Georgia,
Kyrgyzstan, Iran, Latvia, Libya, Malta,
Nakhjivan, Uzbekistan, Romania, Slovak
Republic, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine.
Charge Band III: USA, Canada, other countries
having the country code “1”, and Kazakhstan,
Israel, Russian Federation, Tataristan
3 15Volume Technology 97
SERVICES OFFERED
Prepaid telephone card services exist
for both fixed and mobile services. Turk
Telekom’s 78,000 payphones across the
country accept prepaid telephone cards.
Mobile telephony operators, on the other
hand, have 6.2 million prepaid card mobile
phones in service as of end-November 2000.
TARIFFS
Present rates for domestic telephone
calls (all automatic) are provided in table
form in approximate US$ equivalents.
1215
1115
Time (sec) allowed per unit (US$0.035 as of 15 December 2000)
Charge Band Full Reduced 30 percent
(Mon- Sat 22:00-09:00 and Sundays)
I 5.6 7
II 3.6 5.6
III 2.4 3
IV 1.4 1.8
Time (sec) allowed per unit (US$0.035 as of 15 December 2000)
Reduced 30 percent Reduced 40 percent (Mon-Fri 07:00-08:00; (Mon-Sat 22:30-07:00;
Full Mon-Fri 20:00-22:30; Sat 22:30-Mon 07:00)
Catgories (Mon-Fri 08:00-20:00) Sat. 07:00- 22:30)
Local call 60 85.7 100
Intra-metropolitan 30 42.9 50
Trunk 15 21.4 25
To the NMT network 12 - -
To the GSM network 6 - -
Rates for international telephone calls are
as follows:
Charge Band IV: European countries
(except included in Charge Band II and III),
Iceland, Lithuania, Afghanistan, Mongolia
NEW ORGANISATIONS,
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
SERVICES
In the event that Istanbul is awarded
the 2008 Games, all Olympic facilities and
the Olympic Family hotels will be equipped
with a private ATM-based network (the
Olympic Network), which will support and
integrate B-ISDN, IN, and No 7 signalling
systems. The Olympic Network's
infrastructure will offer ATM services, with
ATM switches integrating all services and
providing interconnection and interfacing
with existing telephone, long-distance
telecommunication services and value-
added services provided by Türk Telekom’s
networks.
The Olympic Network will provide:
■ High availability guaranteed by a
redundancy of network and transmission
lines,
■ Voice, data and video transmision,
■ Direct connection to the international
telecommunication systems of Turk
Telekom via fibre-optic cable systems,
■ ATM-based digital interface (the digital
home network) for connection to home-
working terminals (microcomputers,
portable workstations, etc.).
The following services will be available:
Telephone and Data:
25,000 lines
Speech band for telephone: 300-3400 Hz.
Dial-up data communication: 0.3-64 Kbps.
ISDN 2B+D 15,000
ISDN 30B+D 1,000
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3 15Volume Technology 99
INTERNET: Presently 2 Mbps; an outgoing
bandwith of 96 Mbps during the Games
period for the needs of the Olympic Family
and for providing sufficient Internet access
to Olympic information all over the world.
Packet-Switched Data Services: TURPAK
Video Conferencing: Local and inter-
national, with a speed of 2 Mbit-64 Kbps.
Satellite services: To be provided on demand
Every room in the Olympic, Media and
Judges’ and Referees' villages and in the
Olympic Family hotels will have:
■ Video on demand and cable TV,
■ On-line telemarketing, teleshopping
telepublication, telelearning cultures
(virtual museum etc.), the latest Olympic
Games results and videos, voice and data
mailing, information services, news,
multimedia mail and entertainment,
■ INTERNET access,
■ ISDN telephone services,
■ Digital VOD, analog broadcast, HDTV,
interactive multimedia and high-speed
data transmission.
Interactive information access points and
multimedia kiosks will be provided. Video
access to all video sequences will be
provided from any of the client stations (of
which there will be at least 10,000) and
video will be further available on the
Internet.
The Istanbul OCOG’s internal
communications system will make
available:
■ Radio Communication: VHF 168-169 MHz.
■ Paging: A supplementary capacity for
serving 5,000 additional pagers
■ GSM: An additional 16x2 Mbit
transmission capacity
■ Public Telephone: 3,000 public telephones
to be installed in Olympic facilities
(freephone, credit card call, payphone)
The whole Olympic Network will be ATM-
based at maximum viable speeds over
fiber-optic lines. There will be a mixture of
mainframe and distributed servers. The
mainframe will function as a data centre
server providing for maximum reliability
and will be further backed up by disaster
recovery sites at Izmir and Ankara. The
distributed servers at various sites will be
fail safe scaleable (UNIX or NT) servers
with RAID disk systems for further
reliability. The client/server type of
applications will also be Internet enabled
and will be based on distributed RDMBs
with replication functionality. The system
will be developed as an object oriented
system allowing for maximum flexibility
and use during the 2008 Olympics.
There will be several LANs in the Olympic
sites and venues. Each server in the
network will be doubled, and servers will
provide multipost access to disk as a
generic failure mechanism for network-
based services, with a view to attaining
high availability. Should one node become
unavailable, users on the remaining nodes
will continue to be able to undertake
database work, while users on the failed
node will be able to switch to another node
and continue processing. The remaining
nodes will automatically recover
completed work on the failed node without
the need for intervention by the database
administrator, thus minimising downtime.
Broadcasting equipment can also be
connected to the ATM backbone under the
control of the SDVN (switched digital video
network) manager. Timing and
scoreboards, multimedia services and
integration will be managed by the
backbone. For local and international
telecommunications there will be two
different fibre-optic lines (with a view to
redundancy) connected to the backbone.
Two Internet connections will also be
attached via two routers to the ATM
backbone.
3 15Volume Technology 101
There will be two LANs connected to the
ATM backbone, and 5,000 PCs attached to
the LANs. Finally, areas lying outside the
ATM Link will be attached to the backbone
via routers.
Overall, the quantities planned for the
Olympic information system are as follows:
1,000 handheld/notebook computers with
GSM connectivity
2,000 information access/multimedia
kiosks
2,000 notebook PCs
5,000 stationary PCs
30 distributed fail safe scaleable servers
2 mainframes
For a letter of the Minister of Commun-
ications, confirming the Ministry’s
commitment to make all the necessary
arrangements with the concerned bodies
(present and future) to the effect that new
organisations, infrastructure and services
of value planned for the Istanbul Games be
put in place according to the proposed
schedule, please refer to Theme 18, Ref.
18.28. The letter also asserts that the
Ministry will take all the measures to meet
the requirements of the Istanbul OCOG in
terms of telecommunications
infrastructure needed for a successful
staging of the Games.
The IOBC’s vision of the Olympic Games 16.1
Image building 16.2
Communication function 16.3
Location of the Main Media Centre (MMC) 16.4
Present state of the premises 16.5
Post-Olympic use 16.6
Media Village 16.7
Experience of media coverage 16.8
Olympic Broadcasting Organisation 16.9
16.1 Vision du CCOI des Jeux Olympiques16.2 Construction d’une image et promotion16.3 Fonction de communication 16.4 Emplacement du Centre Principal des Médias (CPM)16.5 Etat actuel des lieux16.6 Utilisation post-olympique16.7 Village des Médias16.8 Expérience de couverture par les médias16.9 Organisation de radio et télévision olympiques
16Communications and
Media Services
Services de laCommunication et
des Médias
organises grassroots activity around social
projects. Involvement of the young in these
organisations is particularly striking.
The major challenge is that all sorts of
communications programmes exploit, if
not actually abuse, the concept of youth.
Communications for the Istanbul Games
must be particularly attentive in this
matter, building on the strong bond
between youth and sports.
IMAGE BUILDING AND
PROMOTION
The local communications strategy of
the Istanbul OCOG will be based on a clear
identification of audiences. The IOBC
foresees that the three main audience
streams in the building and promotion of
the image of the 2008 Istanbul Olympic
and Paralympic Games will be:
■ corporate stakeholders (other than
sponsors),
■ public and civic partners, and
■ the local population at large.
In terms of communications strategies,
corporate stakeholders comprise all
businesses that may have an interest in the
opportunities and legacies promised by a
successful staging of the Games. The
Istanbul OCOG’s Communications
Department will work with the local
chambers of commerce and industry, as
well as the associations of tourism
operators, as partner organisations. It will
supply them detailed information on the
economic impact of the Games, help them
prepare to manage such impact, and
commit them to a high standard of Olympic
hospitality.
Public and civic partners include:
■ central and local government bodies that
will share responsibility in preparing the
city to host the Games and in providing a
full range of services to the Olympic
Family and all other Olympic visitors,
3 16Volume Communications and Media Services 105
VISION
Youth dominates the IOBC’s vision of
the Istanbul Olympic Games. The concept
has direct relevance to Istanbul’s primary
motivation in bidding for the third
consecutive time. It also reflects the spirit
of Olympism and of the city itself.
The Olympic Games provide Istanbul with
the single most effective means to
revolutionise the life experience of Turkish
youth. The overwhelming social
significance of youth for the city and the
national government, lends to the Istanbul
Games the character of a social project.
The emphasis on the social nature of
Istanbul’s Olympic effort and the parallel
mobilisation of the general public will
contribute to civic confidence and
empowerment. Young people of all ages
will be inspired to participate in the
rejuvenating experience of organising the
Olympic Games. This will augment inter-
generational and inter-cultural exchange.
The specifically targeted social legacy of
the Istanbul Games, on the other hand, is
sport. Not only do the sporting community
and the authorities attach overwhelming
significance to educating the young
through sports, but also public opinion in
Istanbul and throughout the country
supports Istanbul’s candidacy with
reference to sports. Public opinion clearly
emphasises the need for wider interest and
participation in a variety of sports.
Connected with this, it also looks forward
to Istanbul’s acquiring greater experience
in organising major sports events.
In terms of communications, this vision of
the Olympic Games presents several
opportunities. Above all, it can be well
developed within the already responsive
public and particularly the receptive youth.
Furthermore, the OCOG’s communications
efforts will be in full accord with the
growing NGO movement that successfully
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3 16Volume Communications and Media Services 107
■ non-governmental organisations influential
in the formation of public opinion, and
■ the media.
To cultivate the support and interest of the
local population, the Communications
Department will run a series of community
relations and involvement programmes.
These efforts will be co-ordinated with the
comprehensive educational programmes
of the OCOG, described in Theme 17, under
paragraph 17.1. This co-ordination will
ensure that university and secondary
school students play an enthusiastic part in
the communications strategy.
Internationally, the communications strategy
of the Istanbul OCOG will focus on publicising
the assets Istanbul offers to the Olympic
Movement: the city’s extraordinary location,
wealth of culture, and the enthusiasm of its
youthful population. It will emphasise these
assets to promote Olympism as well as the
sporting merits of the Games, including their
social, educational, aesthetic and moral
aspects. In particular, it will prioritise
initiatives to uphold peace and human
understanding, including the promotion of
the Olympic Truce.
STRUCTURE OF THE
COMMUNICATIONS
FUNCTION
In accordance with IOC rules, the
IOBC communications function presently
focuses on national and local promotion
of Istanbul’s candidacy. To this end, the
IOBC has a department of Public and
Media Relations and benefits from the
services of a communications firm. In the
event that Istanbul is awarded the 2008
Olympic Games, the IOBC will transform
into the Istanbul OCOG, which will appoint
a Communications Director at executive
position.
The Communications Director will act as
the official spokesperson of the OCOG.
He/she will guide the communications
team in collaborating with other executive-
level offices, including transport,
marketing, environment, finance and
logistics. Early development of the
communications team will proceed from
priorities established in terms of
stakeholders and respective methods of
approach. Managing Directors who will
exercise power and control over specific
aspects of communications will provide
continual input to the Communications
Director. Their responsibilities will include
testing and measuring the effect of various
communications projects with a view to
prompting corrective action where
necessary.
If Istanbul is awarded the 2008 Games, the
IOBC will also seek international advice and
draw from the experience of previous host
cities in structuring the communications
function within the OCOG.
LOCATION OF THE MAIN
MEDIA CENTRE (MMC)
For the 2008 Istanbul Olympic
Games, the Main Press Centre (MPC) and
the International Broadcasting Centre
(IBC) will be installed in the same premises,
namely, the exhibition centre of the
Istanbul World Trade Centre (IWTC)
complex. This integrated facility will
therefore be referred to as the Main Media
Centre (MMC), which will also include the
main media accreditation centre.
As demonstrated on the map provided, the
MMC will be located within walking
distance of Istanbul International Airport.
The distance from the IWTC to the site of
the Olympic and Media villages is 10
kilometres (15 minutes), and 13 kilometres
to the Olympic Park. Mydonose Showland,
the proposed venue for the weightlifting
events, is also part of the IWTC complex. In
2001 the site of the MMC will be linked to
Istanbul’s light rail system, which will also
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provide access to the villages and the
Olympic Park. In addition, all media
representatives will be able to make use of
a round-the-clock official shuttle, to be
established by the OCOG, which will ensure
free transport between all Olympic sites.
PRESENT STATE OF THE
PREMISES
The eight interlinked exhibition halls of
the IWTC complex that will house the MMC,
with a total surface area of 85,000 square
metres, already exist and are fully
operational. They are surrounded by an
open area of 38,000 square metres,
currently providing parking space for 3,250
vehicles. Part of this open area may be used
to erect temporary structures to meet any
additional covered space requirements of
the media.
Of the total 85,000 square metre area
proposed for the MMC facilities, 63,400
square metres (six exhibition halls) will be
reserved for the International Broadcasting
Centre and 21,600 square metres (two
516 exhibition halls) for the Main Press Centre.
The IWTC’s exhibition centre already
houses four meeting halls, an auditorium, a
press centre, a VIP lobby, five dining rooms,
and executive service offices. Two fsuperior
category hotels (providing a total of 1,270
beds) will be added to the IWTC complex in
2003. One of these hotels will offer a multi-
purpose hall with a total area 7,400 square
metres, divisible to three sections suitable
for conference and hospitality purposes.
The selection of the IWTC complex for the
premises of the MMC is primarily due to its
convenient location in relation to the
Olympic sites, and its proximity to Istanbul
International Airport, via which the great
majority of media representatives are
expected to enter Turkey.
Venue kmPeakhours
Off peakhours
Olympic Village/Js’Rs’ Village/Media Village 10 15 10
Olympic Stadium/Olympic Village 13 20 12
Main Hotel Area 1 (Taksim) 21 25 20
Main Hotel Area 2 (Old city-Sultanahmet) 13 18 12
Main Hotel Area 3 (Befliktafl) 20 26 15
Main Hotel Area 4 (Bak›rköy) 8 15 12
confirming that the Olympic, Media and
Judges’ and Referees’ villages will be
constructed as a part of the Halkal› Housing
Project and will be allowed to be used
accordance with the IOC guidelines, please
refer to Theme 18, 18.17 and 18.
EXPERIENCE OF MEDIA
COVERAGE
Turkey’s public broadcasting company,
the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
(TRT), has extensive experience in the live
coverage of high-level international and
national events.
Among the important events covered over
the past 10 years were:
■ ANZAC Day, Çanakkale, northwestern
Turkey (1990)
■ The US-based Teleconference on Global
Values (1991)
■ The founding summit of the Black Sea
Economic Cooperation, Istanbul (1991)
■ The Organisation of Islamic Conference,
Foreign Ministers meeting(1992)
■ The joint meeting of the European
Council and Turkic States (1992)
■ The Ankara Summit of Turkic States
(1992)
■ The Istanbul Summit of the Economic
Co-operation Organisation (1993)
■ The First Congress of Turkic States,
Istanbul (1993)
■ The Second Congress of Turkic States,
held in Izmir (1994)
■ The launch of the Türksat-1B satellite
from French Guiana (1994)
■ The NATO meeting, held in the Ç›ra¤an
Palace Hotel Kempinski, Istanbul (1994)
■ The Bishkek (Kirghizstan) Summit of
Turkic States (1995)
■ The plenary session of the European
Parliament at which the customs union
between Turkey and Europe was voted on
(1995)
■ The opening and closing ceremonies and
primary sessions of the Habitat II UN
3 16Volume Communications and Media Services 111
An agreement has been reached with the
owners of the IWTC for housing the MMC at
the IWTC complex if Istanbul is elected to
host the 2008 Olympic Games. A letter
committing the Istanbul World Trade Centre
Inc., to make the IWTC premises available for
housing the MMC, is included under Theme
18, Ref. 18.29.
POST-OLYMPIC USE
The premises that will house the MMC
facilities, including the planned
International Congress Centre, are part of a
world-class trade centre currently
operating as the largest trade fair facility in
Eurasia. Following its Olympic use during
the Istanbul 2008 Games, it will continue to
serve the world’s business community.
MEDIA VILLAGE
The Media Village is planned so as to
be in close proximity to the Olympic Village,
and like the latter, will be part of the Halkal›
Housing Project undertaken by the Housing
Administration of Turkey (Toplu Konut
‹daresi - TOK‹). It will be 10 kilometres from
the IBC, MPC and Istanbul International
Airport, 3 kilometres from the Olympic Park
(which will also be connected to the village
by shuttle), and 22 kilometres from the city
centre. All Olympic sites, excluding the
Klassis Country Club (equestrian events)
and Caddebostan (sailing), are within 30
minutes’ drive, while trips to the latter two
take 60 minutes and 40 minutes
respectively.
The Media Village is designed to
accommodate nearly 90 percent of all media
representatives, that is, approximately
15,000 people. Accommodation in the Media
Village will take the form of four-storey
apartment blocks, equipped and
professionally attended for Olympic use.
For letters from the President of the
Housing Administration of Turkey,
816
716
616
3 16Volume Communications and Media Services 113
Conference on Human Settlements
(1996).
■ The Balkan Summit, Antalya (1998)
■ The OSCE Istanbul Summit (1999)
■ President Clinton’s visit to Turkey (1999)
Among international sports events
broadcast live by the TRT have been:
■ All Olympic Summer and Winter Games
since 1972
■ All World and European soccer
championships since 1970
■ All Mediterranean Games since 1970
■ World athletics, gymnastics, swimming
and figure-skating competitions since 1976
■ All World and European weightlifting
championships since 1987
■ World Grass-Skiing Championships (1991)
■ The March of World Environmental
Scouts, Ankara (1991)
■ Final Four Basketball Championships,
Istanbul (1992)
■ European Grass-Skiing Championships,
Bursa, northwestern Turkey (1992)
■ European Boxing Championships, Bursa
(1993)
■ Eurasia Marathon, Istanbul (annualy
since 1996)
■ World Indoor Archery Championships,
Istanbul (1997)
■ Balkan Athletics Championships,
Istanbul (1997)
■ European Wrestling Championships,
Istanbul (1997)
■ The First World Air Games, Ephesus,
Samsun, Cappadocia (1997)
■ World Wrestling Championships, Ankara
(1999)
■ European Judo Teams Championships,
Istanbul (1999)
■ European Swimming Championships,
Istanbul (1999)
■ World Billiard Championships, Antalya
(1999)
■ European Archery Championship,
Antalya, southern Turkey (1999)
Major national football, basketball,
volleyball and handball events are regularly
broadcast live by the TRT channels as well
as by several private television channels.
OLYMPIC BROADCASTING
ORGANISATION
The future Istanbul OCOG will set up
the Istanbul Olympic Broadcasting
Organisation (IOBO) before the end of
2001, with the main missions of:
■ designing, installing, equipping and
operating the IBC, and providing facilities
and services to broadcast rights holders,
■ producing and distributing international
television and radio signals from
competition venues, and
■ advising the Istanbul OCOG on
broadcasters’ requirements for venue
design and construction (e.g. camera
positions, commentary positions, etc.).
The IOBO’s structure will comprise nine
permanent functions to be put in place
from its very inception. These functions
are: management, business affairs and
staffing, co-ordination and planning,
production, engineering, broadcast
information, logistics, booking, and venue
management. During the Games period,
the IOBO will employ venue management
teams at each venue, and the entire host
broadcasting operation will be co-
ordinated at the IBC.
The IOBC estimates that the IOBO’s full-
time personnel will reach 250 as time leads
to the Games period, and its staff will rise
to 3,500 during the time of the Games.
Hiring of personnel with a range of
Olympic, broadcasting and management
experience will be a top priority of the
IOBO’s staffing policy.
916
Educational Programmes 17.1
Cultural Programme 17.2
Budget 17.3
Opening and Closing 17.4
Ceremonies
Youth Camp 17.5
17.1 Programmes d’éducation17.2 Programme culturel17.3 Budget17.4 Cérémonie d’ouverture et de clôture.17.5 Camp de jeunesse
17 Olympism and CultureOlympisme et Culture
Olympic Pioneers from all over the country.
This will take place at two-week summer
courses in camps organised in localities in
Anatolia close to where athletic events
were held in ancient times. Participants will
be selected from among adolescents aged
15-16, who have been engaged in active
sports for the past three to four years and
whose skills and dedication to the Olympic
ideals are confirmed by their teachers of
physical education or coaches. They will be
given courses on Olympism, Olympic
history and the Istanbul Olympic Games;
doping; sports and the environment; sports
sciences and sports culture; physical,
cognitive and social development of the
individual; youth leadership; and
behavioural excellence. Every year, the
programme will be conducted in three
parallel cycles at five different campsites,
with the participation of 50 candidates and
10 educators in each course.
Another project for which the IOBC has
already detected considerable interest
within academic circles, and which will
require from the Istanbul OCOG
considerable co-ordination work, will be
entitled “Olympism in the University”. The
project envisages organisation of Olympic
awareness programmes by seven
universities, one from each of Turkey’s
seven geographical regions, as local focus
centres. These programmes will consist of
seminars and workshops on Olympism as a
philosophy of life, expeditions to ancient
Olympic sites in Anatolia, and also
selective courses in “Olympism and the
Olympic Games”. The OCOG will arrange
that university students who satisfactorily
fulfil the requirements of such courses
spread in groups across the country to act
as instructors of Olympism in regular
summertime youth camps conducted by
the General Directorate of Youth and
Sports (GDYS).
Of the other target groups, young working
people aged 17-24 and non-working young
women, will be given the opportunity to
3 17Volume Olympism and Culture 117
EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMMES
The educational programmes of the
Istanbul OCOG during the run-up to the
2008 Games will be based on the concept
of fostering the Olympic spirit in all
sections of the local population.
Inspiring the young people of Istanbul with
the principles of Olympism and preparing
them for the tasks of playing host to the
Games will be an essential part of this
strategy. A segmentation of this target
population, especially a differentiated
approach to university students, secondary
school students, working youth, and non-
working young women, will help the
OCOG’s educational programmes meet
their objectives.
Although focussing on younger
Istanbulites, Istanbul’s Olympic educational
programmes will also target all of the
country’s youth. In Istanbul itself, a wide
range of stakeholders – from taxi drivers to
food service personnel, from police officers
to salespeople – will be addressed with a
view to preparing them for their individual
roles in the smooth running of the Games.
Mindful of the enormous importance the
Olympic Movement attaches to sustainable
development and the protection of the
environment, the Istanbul OCOG will make
the raising of environmental awareness a
pivotal element of its educational
programmes.
All of Istanbul’s Olympic education
programmes for the 2008 Games will be
run as joint initiatives, bringing together
various public and private bodies in
projects co-ordinated by the OCOG’s
Education Department.
One of these programmes aims at
educating, over a six-year period (2002
through 2007), a total of 5,000 Young
117
3 17Volume Olympism and Culture 119
benefit from the programme at the
summer schools of the same universities.
As to working youths below the age of 17, a
large number of adolescents working in
industry as apprentices will be targeted by
a special Olympic awareness and education
programme. In this venture, the Istanbul
OCOG will avail itself of the generous co-
operation of the Fiflek Foundation for
Working Children.
Adolescents enrolled in secondary schools
all over the country, on the other hand, are
going to benefit from a programme of
regular class meetings at all grades, at
which a set of courses on all topics of
Olympism will be covered. The Ministry of
Education has already confirmed its
willingness to co-operate with the IOBC in
the preparation of such a curriculum.
The GDYS, which is already represented on
the IOBC and which will remain part of the
Istanbul OCOG, will integrate its regular
summertime one-week youth camps with
the educational programme for the 2008
Istanbul Olympic Games. Such camps,
staged at seaside resorts, were attended
by an annual average of 10,000 young
people aged between 12 and 24 over the
past decade, and will turn into loci of
Olympic education throughout the period
of Turkey’s preparation to host the Games.
The GDYS’s 104 “youth clubs” in town
centres all over the country also offer their
resources for supporting the above-
described educational programmes.
In the year 2000, the GDYS introduced a
separate programme of youth camps,
called “Youth Participation in Social
Betterment”, covering all 81 provinces of
Turkey. In its inaugural year, a total of
30,000 young people aged 18–24
participated in the programme, paying a
very modest fee equivalent to less than
US$20 per person for a one-week event.
The programme basically aims at
mobilising young people’s energy,
especially for the betterment of local
environmental conditions. In agreement
with the GDYS, the IOBC intends to develop
this programme, in case Istanbul is
awarded the 2008 Olympic Games, into a
national youth campaign of environmental
regeneration that will gain for the whole
country around 200,000 environmental
activists imbued with the Olympic
philosophy of life.
Turkey’s around 30,000 scouts, led by the
Scouting and Guiding Federation of Turkey
(member of the World Organisation of the
Scout Movement since 1950) controlled by
the GDYS, already pursue a programme of
community leadership in environmental
regeneration. The 2001 leg of their
programme of environmental activity will
include a complete cleansing of Mount
Olympus, Antalya, where flames have
burnt for millennia on an effusion of
natural gas. Several researchers have
suggested that the flames of Antalya’s
Mount Olympus must have inspired the
flame at Olympia, Greece.
Last but not least, in 2001 the GDYS will
inaugurate an annual international event,
the Golden Horn Folk Dances Contest
Among World Universities. This will link the
communications and educational
programmes for the 2008 Olympics with
the four-year cultural programme (see
paragraph 17.2 below) that the IOBC
proposes to celebrate the XXIX Olympiad.
Such an event will uniquely fit into the
IOBC’s conception of Olympic
consciousness as full appreciation and
enjoyment of the cultural diversity of the
world’s nations.
Besides the range of Olympic educational
activities listed above, the Istanbul OCOG
will also give its full support to a
“Community Sports Sponsorship” (CSS)
programme conceived by the Sports
Marketing Division of the NOC of Turkey.
Under a joint plan, the programme aims to
promote greater grass roots participation
3 17Volume Olympism and Culture 121
in the Olympic movement, sports, and fair-
play ethics throughout the country,
through mobilising local municipalities,
secondary schools and the business
community.
Under the programme, the municipalities
will provide suitable local sites for Olympic
sports while businesses, i.e. the sponsors,
will select from among designated sites
and venues and erect the relevant facilities
and/or provide equipment. In return they
will acquire exclusive rights to two-
dimensional advertising on all available
space and facades of the facility, as well as
on sportswear and equipment they
provide. CSS committees in secondary
schools will assume the responsibility of
managing and maintaining the facilities in
their respective regions, and to promote
the extended use of those facilities by
residents of the neighbourhood.
The raising of a Paralympic consciousness
will constitute an equally important part of
the communications and education
programme of the Istanbul Olympic
Games, again especially among young
people. The principal organisations serving
the handicapped – namely the Turkish
Association for the Disabled, the Turkish
Foundation for the Protection of the
Disabled, and the Turkish Foundation of
Solidarity and Education of the
Handicapped – have all expressed their
desire to co-operate in every way possible.
CULTURAL PROGRAMME
The Cultural Programme of the
Istanbul OCOG for the XXIX Olympiad will
start three years before the Games, and
will focus on four consecutive annual
themes, under the overall title “The Four
Pillars of Culture”: Nature, Reason, Passion
and Wisdom.
2005: Nature – Awareness
The Istanbul OCOG's Cultural Programme
for 2005 will focus on the theme of human
interaction with Nature, in the sense of
both biology and habitat.
Various events will be organised to
encourage public awareness of the issues
of respect for and care of the human body,
the environment we live in, and our
interaction with it. Events will be held to
look in new ways at ancient divinities from
around the world that symbolise the
kindness of Mother Nature. Many such
goddesses – Cybele, Demeter and Artemis,
for example – originated in and were
worshipped in Anatolia. Another series of
events is planned to display the influence
of local habitat on the arts and crafts
created by communities around the globe.
2006: Reason – Creativity
The Cultural Programme for 2006 will take
as its main theme Reason, and its creative
power. The focus here will be on the
manifestation in the domain of the arts,
both ancient and modern, of Reason, with
the emphasis on all that is universal in
humanity's cultural achievements. In a
sense, the Cultural Programme for 2006
will be a celebration of modernity and
modernism, as well as enlightenment. In
this vein, international participation in the
Cultural Programme for 2006 will be
designed to represent the element of
universality – as opposed to the individual
voice – that is at the heart of all true art
and culture.
2007: Passion – Affection
Reason and universality will give way in the
Cultural Programme for 2007 to Passion
and Affection, to the particular and
diversity, in other words, the Dionysian
principle inherent in all human cultural
achievements. Specially selected examples
217
of cultural originality from around the world,
which assert the fundamental qualities of
uniqueness and difference, will be displayed
before an audience that has already proved
its taste for the singular. So, in contrast to
the previous year’s theme, the post-modern
movement will be highlighted as the
leitmotiv of most of the events to be
scheduled for 2007 by the Istanbul OCOG.
In this context, the citizens of Istanbul will
be encouraged to revive their pride and
interest in the indigenous cultural assets of
their city and country. This will be aided by
an extensive sightseeing programme aimed
at raising local consciousness of the
cultural heritage of Istanbul. This
programme will also train volunteers to be
Olympic guides who will, during the
following year’s Cultural Programme,
accompany Istanbul’s Olympic guests on
their odyssey through the city.
2008: Wisdom – Celebration
In the Cultural Programme of 2008, which
will begin two weeks before the opening of
the Games and end one week after their
close, the theme of Wisdom will come to the
fore. In other words, the final celebration of
the Games will underline a synthesis of the
two preceding themes, Reason and Passion.
Istanbul itself will be the focus of this
programme, constituting as it does the very
apex of such a synthesis. This is perfectly
exemplified by one of the world’s most
important architectural treasures, the
Church-Mosque of Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia
in Greek, meaning Saint Sophia, or literally
Holy Wisdom), which will be a main venue
of 2008’s Cultural Programme.
The Cultural Programme for 2008 will
focus on performances that highlight
Istanbul’s wealth of multi-cultural
traditions. These will be paralleled by
events bringing together, from all around
the world, artistic endeavours that combine
local traditions with universal appeal.
Finally, the Olympic Torch relay route that
the IOBC proposes will illuminate a vast
swathe of history. After the ceremonial
lighting of the flame at Olympia in Greece
and a relay to Athens, the flame will follow
a route by sea to Crete and Rhodes before
setting sail for the ancient coastal town of
Fethiye. The course will then meander for
approximately 2,500 km through Anatolia
on its journey to Istanbul. As it travels
through Anatolia, the Olympic Flame will
shed its light on some of the most
fascinating sites of the ancient world,
including Fethiye (near ancient Telmessus),
Demre, Mount Olympus, Perge (Myra),
Aspendos, Side (Pamphylia), Akflehir
(Philomelium), Konya (Iconium), Kayseri
(Caravan Palace), Cappadocia, Hattusas,
Ankara, Gordion, Aphrodisias, Ephesus,
Pergamon, Troy, Bursa, and Iznik (Nicaea).
BUDGET
The estimated budget for the above
programmes is US$30 million, including the
US$1.875 million set aside for the Istanbul
OCOG’s contribution to cover 62.5 percent of
the cost of the Youth Camp (see paragraph
17.5 below). The budget for the Opening and
Closing ceremonies is estimated at US$30
million.
OPENING AND CLOSING
CEREMONIES
The opening and closing ceremonies
of the 2008 Istanbul Olympic Games will be
held in the Olympic Stadium.
YOUTH CAMP
The Istanbul OCOG will set up a major
Youth Camp in the year 2008. This camp
will host approximately 1,500 young men
and women – aged 18 to 22 – selected and
sent by the participating NOCs at the
invitation of the Istanbul OCOG. The camp
3 17Volume Olympism and Culture 123
317
417
517
3 17Volume Olympisme et Culture124
Florya, sur la Mer de Marmara, près de
l’aéroport, et donc à proximité de tous les
sites olympiques importants. Le Camp de
cité balnéaire de Florya est la propriété de la
Municipalité du Grand Istanbul qui le gère. Il
est équipé de cafétérias, foyers, zones de
loisirs, terrains de jeux, vestiaires, etc…
Le CCOI estime que le coût total du camp de
jeunesse sera de 3 millions US$, au taux de
l’année 2000. Le COJO d’Istanbul couvrira
62,5 pour-cent de ce coût et le reliquat sera
payé par les participants sous forme d’un
droit d’inscription fixé à 25 US$ par personne
et par jour, au taux de l’année 2000, ce qui
représente une somme de 750 US$ par
participant pour une période complète de 30
jours au Camp.
2008. Ce camp accueillera environ 1 500
jeunes hommes et jeunes femmes – âgés de
18 à 22 ans – choisis et envoyés par le CNO
participant, à l’invitation du COJO d’Istanbul.
Le camp durera à peu près trente jours, il
ouvrira une semaine avant les Jeux et se
terminera une semaine après leur clôture. Un
programme complet des activités liées aux
Jeux sera décidé par le COJO. Chaque
participant aura la possibilité de participer
librement aux compétitions athlétiques du
Camp de Jeunesse, de visiter les athlètes
dans le village olympique, de prendre part
aux activités culturelles et aux événements
des Jeux, et de visiter les sites historiques
d’Istanbul. Un programme spécifique
d’études Olympiques sera proposé.
Le Camp de Jeunesse d’Istanbul en 2008 se
tiendra au Camp de la cité balnéaire de
3 17Volume Olympism and Culture 125
will last for approximately 30 days, opening
one week before the Games and closing
one week after they conclude. A complete
schedule of activities related to the Games
will be orchestrated by the OCOG. Each
participant will have the opportunity to
compete freely in Youth Camp athletic
events, participate in cultural activities,
visit athletes in the Olympic Village, attend
events at the Games, and tour the historic
sites of Istanbul. A specific curriculum of
Olympic studies will be offered.
The Istanbul 2008 Youth Camp will be held
at the Florya Summer Resort Camp on the
coast of the Sea of Marmara, close to the
airport, and therefore convenient to all key
Olympic sites. The Florya Summer Resort
Camp is owned and operated by the
Municipality of Greater Istanbul, and it is
fully equipped with cafeterias, meeting
rooms, recreational facilities, playing fields,
locker rooms, etc.
The IOBC estimates total cost of the Youth
Camp at US$3 million at year 2000 rates.
The Istanbul OCOG will cover 62.5 percent
of this cost, and the remainder will be
contributed by participants in form of a
tuition set at US$25 per day per person at
2000 rates, which totals US$750 per
participant for the entire 30-day camp.
18 GuaranteesGaranties
3 18Volume Guarantees 129
Ref. Question Subject of guarantee Provided by Yes/No
18.1 1.2 Support Letter, Prime Minister of Turkey Yes
Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes
Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes
18.2 1.10 Support Letter, Mayor of Greater Izmir Municipality Yes
Letter, Mayor of Greater Bursa Municipality Yes
Letter, Mayor of Greater Kocaeli Municipality Yes
18.3 2.1.1 Covenant of fulfilment of obligations; Letter, Prime Minister of Turkey Yes
respect of the Olympic Charter including
free access to Turkey and free movement
of accredited persons
18.4 2.1.2 Covenant of fulfilment of obligations; Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes
respect of the Olympic Charter Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes
18.5 2.2.1 Representation of Istanbul by the IOBC Letter, Governor and Mayor of Istanbul Yes
and delegation of authority to sign contracts
and undertakings
18.6 2.3 Necessary legal measures to facilitate Letter, Minister of the Interior Yes
the protection of Olympic marks
18.7 3.1 Freedom to perform Olympic function Letter, Minister of the Interior Yes
18.8 3.3 Import, use and export of goods Letter, Minister of State responsible for Customs Yes
18.9 4.6 Compliance of work with town planning Letter, Minister of Environment Yes
and environmental protection legislation
18.10 5.1 Financial guarantees including covering Letter, Prime Minister of Turkey Yes
any OCOG deficit and expenditure during
the period preceding the Games
18.11 5.2 Price control Letter, Minister of Tourism Yes
Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes
Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes
18.12 7.1.2 Holding of no other meeting or event Letter, Governor of Istanbul Yes
during the Olympic Games, one week Letter, General Director of Youth and Sports Yes
before or one week after the Games
18.13 7.2.4 Financing of work needed at the Letter, ENKA Yes
competition venues
18.14 7.2.5 Use of competition venues Letter, Mydonose Showland Yes
Letter, ENKA Yes
Letter, Klassis Yes
18.15 8.5 Use of competition venues Letters of agreement from all Ifs concerned,
as follows:
18.15 / IF 1 IAAF Yes
18.15 / IF 2 FISA Yes
18.15 / IF 3 IBF Yes
18.15 / IF 4 IBAF Yes
18.15 / IF 5 FIBA Yes
18.15 / IF 6 AIBA Yes
18.15 / IF 7 FIC Yes
18.15 / IF 8 UCI Yes
18.15 / IF 9 FEI Yes
18.15 / IF 10 FIE Yes
18.15 / IF 11 FIFA Yes
18.15 / IF 12 FIG Yes
18.15 / IF 13 IWF Yes
18.15 / IF 14 IHF Yes
18.15 / IF 15 FIH Yes
18.15 / IF 16 IJF Yes
18.15 / IF 17 FILA Yes
18.15 / IF 18 FINA Yes
18.15 / IF 19 UIPM Yes
18.15 / IF 20 ISF Yes
18.15 / IF 21 WTF Yes
18.15 / IF 22 ITF Yes
18.15 / IF 23 ITTF Yes
18.15 / IF 24 ISSF Yes
18.15 / IF 25 FITA Yes
18.15 / IF 26 ITU Yes
18.15 / IF 27 ISAF Yes
18.15 / IF 28 FIVB No
3 18Volume Guarantees 131
Ref. Question Subject of guarantee Provided by Yes/No
18.16 9.5.3 Financing of the organisation of the Yes
Paralympic Games
18.17 10.8 Choice and use of the site for the Protocol signed with the Yes
construction of the Olympic Village Housing Administration of Turkey
18.18 10.9 Financing the construction of the Protocol signed with the Yes
Olympic Village Housing Administration of Turkey
18.19 10.10 Authorisation to use existing property Not relevant -
for the Olympic Village
18.20 10.12.1 Payment of travel costs by the OCOG Letter, Chairman of IOBC Yes
18.21 11.2.2 Completion of necessary medical investments Letter, Minister of Health Yes
18.22 12.12 Measures to be taken to ensure the Letter, Minister of the Interior Yes
peaceful holding of the Games
18.23 12.13 Measures to be taken to ensure the Not relevant -
peaceful holding of the games
18.24 13.2/3 Availability and prices of rooms and Letters of agreement from Hotel
accommodation during the Olympic Games owners concerned, as follows:
18.24/Hotel 1 Hyatt Regency Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 2 Divan Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 3 The Marmara Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 4 Euro Plaza Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 7 Golden Age-I Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 8 Hotel Kervansaray Yes
18.24/Hotel 9 Feronya Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 10 Crystal Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 11 Hotel Cartoon Yes
18.24/Hotel 12 Mercure Istanbul Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 13 Keban Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 14 Richmond Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 15 Grand Hotel Haliç Yes
18.24/Hotel 16 Dilson Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 17 Taksim Dorint Park Plaza Yes
18.24/Hotel 18 Lamartine Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 19 Nippon Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 20 Eresin Taxim Yes
18.24/Hotel 21 Riva Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 22 Grace Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 23 Lion Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 24 The Madison Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 25 Savoy Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 26 Conrad Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 27 Ç›ra¤an Palace Hotel Kempinski Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 28 Büyük Sürmeli Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 29 Hotel Dedeman Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 30 The Plaza Hotel Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 33 Hotel Maçka Yes
18.24/Hotel 34 Sed Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 37 Crowne Plaza Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 38 Polat Renaissance Yes
18.24/Hotel 39 Ǜnar Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 41 Holiday Inn Marina Yes
18.24/Hotel 42 Adela Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 48 Merit Antique Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 49 Akgün ‹stanbul Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 50 Eresin Hotel Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 51 Hotel Zurich Yes
18.24/Hotel 52 Hotel Romance Yes
18.24/Hotel 53 Hotel Yi¤italp Yes
18.24/Hotel 54 Best Western International The President Yes
18.24/Hotel 55 Hotel Arcadia Yes
18.24/Hotel 56 Kalyon Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 57 Yaflmak Sultan Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 58 Color Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 59 Fuar Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 60 Hotel Armada Istanbul Yes
18.24/Hotel 61 Kent Otel Istanbul Yes
3 18Volume Guarantees 133
Ref. Question Subject of guarantee Provided by Yes/No
18.24/Hotel 62 Antik Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 63 Çara Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 64 Orient Express Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 65 Prince Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 83 Hotel ‹lkay Yes
18.24/Hotel 84 Hotel Erboy Yes
18.24/Hotel 85 Grand Yavuz Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 86 Hotel Grand Ons Yes
18.24/Hotel 87 Green Anka Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 88 Hotel Olimpiyat Yes
18.24/Hotel 89 Laleli Gönen Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 157 Ayasofya Pensions Yes
18.24/Hotel 158 Hotel Hippodrome Yes
18.24/Hotel 159 Tash konak Sultanahmet Yes
18.24/Hotel 160 Hotel Daphnis Yes
18.24/Hotel 161 Hotel Alzer Yes
18.24/Hotel 162 Fehmibey Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 198 Golden Age-II Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 199 The Green Park Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 200 Aygün Hotels Yes
18.24/Hotel 201 Elan Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 202 Taksim Gönen Hotel (see Ref. 18.24/Hotel 89) Yes
18.24/Hotel 211 Hotel Pera Palas Yes
18.24/Hotel 212 Galata Residence Apart Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 217 Tafll›k Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 219 Villa Blanche Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 221 Hotel Istanbul Conti Yes
18.24/Hotel 222 Konak Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 227 Grand Hotel Tarabya Yes
18.24/Hotel 230 Klassis Hotel Yes
18.24/Hotel 244 Klassis Golf & Country Club Yes
18.25 13.2.2 Completion of accommodation Letters of agreement from hoteliers or investing
infrastructure to be built firms concerned owners concerned, as follows:
18.25/Hotel 267 The Ritz-Carlton Istanbul Yes
18.25/Hotel 269 Hotel Grand Markiz Yes
18.25/Hotel 271 Taxim Residence Yes
18.25/Hotel 272 Four Seasons Hotel on the Bosphorus Yes
18.25/Hotel 275 Dedeman Hotel/World Trade Center Yes
18.25/Hotel 278 Florya Hotel Yes
18.25/Hotel 279 MNG Hotel/World Trade Center Yes
18.25/Hotel 283 Beyazsaray Yes
18.25/Hotel 286 Eresin Sultanahmet Hotel Yes
18.25/Hotel 287 ‹stanbul Levent Hotel Yes
18.25/Hotel 288 Maryot Hotel Yes
18.25/Hotel 291 Prestige Hotel Yes
18.25/Hôtel 297 Kemer Golf & Country Club Yes
18.26 14.18 Necessary transport-related alterations Letter, Mayor of Greater Istanbul Municipality Yes
Letter, General Director of Highways Yes
Letter, General Director of Railways, Yes
Harbours and Airports Construction
Letter, General Director of Atatürk Airport Yes
18.27 15.5.3 Allocation of radio frequencies Letter, Chairman of Telecommunications Yes
Authority
18.28 15.13 Setting up of new infrastructures and Letter, Minister of Communications Yes
new services
18.29 16.5 Use or construction of the MPC and IBC Letter, World Trade Center Yes
18.30 16.7 Use or construction of media village Protocol signed with the Housing Yes
Administration of Turkey (see Ref. 18.17)