February, 2016 Slide 1 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ISA 5.1Preview to
Process Documentation
Prepared by: Patrick Bouwman
February, 2016 Slide 2 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
About Your Speaker
Patrick Bouwman, Eng
Electrical engineer with over 35 years
of experience in the instrumentation and
automation industry.
ISA member since 2006 and serves on the Montreal
Section executive board, and as District 13 Education
Chair for several years.
February, 2016 Slide 3 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
The ISA-5.1 standard reflect the collective industrial
experience gained since the original ISA
Recommended Practice RP-5.1 was published in 1949.
The latest revision (2009) reflects advances in
technology and use.
This revision is published as a consensus standard and
contains both mandatory and non-mandatory
statements that have been reviewed and approved by a
large group of practitioners in the field ofinstrumentation and control.
February, 2016 Slide 4 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
February, 2016 Slide 5 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Purpose1
This standard establishes a uniform means of depicting and
identifying instruments or devices and their inherent functions,
instrumentation systems and functions, and application software
functions used for measurement, monitoring, and control, by
presenting a designation system that includes identification
schemes and graphic symbols.
1 ISA-5.1 page 13
February, 2016 Slide 6 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Applicable to Industries1
This standard is suitable for use in the chemical, petroleum,
power generation, metal refining, pulp and paper, and numerous
other continuous, batch, discrete-part processing, and material-
handling industries. These industries and others require the use
of control system schematics, functional diagrams, and electrical
schematics to describe the relationship to processing equipment
and the functionality of measurement and control equipment.
1 ISA-5.1 page 13
February, 2016 Slide 7 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Technical documentation is important in the design,
development and documenting complex systems.
Being able to clearly understand what and how a products
is manufactured will enable those working in a plant to
communicate precise what needs to be done.
The major types of drawings that are used in process
control are:
Process Flow Diagrams (PFD);
Piping and Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID); and
Loop Diagrams.
February, 2016 Slide 8 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
This drawing shows all major equipment and process flows typically in
a single drawing. Only major control loops are identified.
The Drawing may include a material balance, and sometimes an
energy balance, listing typical or design flow rates, key stream
compositions, and the pressures and temperatures of the key stream
and equipment items.
The Drawing is a first
Look at what is being
Manufactured, and
how it may be
accomplished.
February, 2016 Slide 9 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Typical simplified Diagram describes what is manufactured
February, 2016 Slide 10 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Typical simplified Diagram includes how it is manufactured
February, 2016 Slide 11 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Piping and Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID)
Detailed symbolism and a more complete identification used to
describe the control system, the type and location of hardware, and
signals used.
February, 2016 Slide 12 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Piping and Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID)
This drawings give specific details of all piping and instruments,
including valves (automated and manual), by-pass lines, pipe sizes,
sample points, etc.
All instrumentation is shown. A moderate level of mechanical detail is
provided for process equipment, so that the piping and instrumentation
can be precisely documented.
Symbols are used for
piping, equipment and
instruments in
accordance with ISA-5.1.
February, 2016 Slide 13 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Documentation
Piping and Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID)
February, 2016 Slide 14 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Instrumentation
The ISA-5.1 standard is based
on a consistent use of
terminology
Process Instrumentation is
that set of devices used to
measure, record, and control
industrial processes.
February, 2016 Slide 15 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Measuring devices
Measuring devices are used to measure the magnitude of a
physical variable such as:
flow, pressure,
level, or
temperature etc.
Measuring devices include, among other things:
primary sensing elements,
transmitters, andindicators.
February, 2016 Slide 16 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Measuring devices
Primary sensing elements sense the measured variable and
quantitatively convert it into a form suitable for measurement.
They are used in indicators or in transmitters.
Examples of primary sensing elements are:
thermocouples,
venturi tubes,
orifice plates,
Bourdon tubes,etc
February, 2016 Slide 17 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Measuring devices
Transmitters receive a signal of a measured variable from a
primary sensing element and converts this into a voltage, current,
or pressure of normalized range that is suitable for transmission
to a controller.
The normalized ranges which have been accepted worldwide for
controller signals are as follows:
- Voltage: 0 to 5 V, 1 to 5 V;
- Current: 4 to 20 mA;
- Air pressure: 20 to 100 kPa, 3 to 15 psig.
- Digital RS485, and other networks
February, 2016 Slide 18 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Measuring devices
Indicators provide a direct visual reading of the current value of
a measured variable.
They are normally limited in their use as local meters.
Examples of indicators are:
pressure gauges,
rotameters,
level indicators
etc.
February, 2016 Slide 19 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Recording devices
Recording devices provide a record of the value of a measured
variable or a related value.
Examples of recording devices are:
strip chart recorders,
computers, and
data loggers.
February, 2016 Slide 20 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Controlling devices
Controlling devices are used to compare the controlled variable
to the setpoint value and bring this variable to the setpoint.
Controlling devices include analog and digital controllers,
computing circuits, and final control elements such as
pneumatically and electrically-operated control valves.
February, 2016 Slide 21 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Controlling devices
Single Loop example
P&ID
Block Diagram
error
MV
F(e) PLANT
LT1
LTC1
Set
Point
Process
Variable
LV1
Control Action
LC1Supply
h
height
Control Action
MV SP
PV
Plant
M
Demand
LT1
LV1
Process
Variable
Manipulated
Value
February, 2016 Slide 22 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ISA Instrumentation symbols
Instrumentation symbols are used in P&ID diagrams to show the
functional relationship between the measuring, (recording),
controlling and actuating devices of a process.
All control loops in the process control industry work in the same
way. Three tasks to occur:
Measure (and record),
Compare, and
Adjust or Manipulate
February, 2016 Slide 23 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ISA Instrumentation symbols
Instrumentation symbols must be interpreted in the same way by
technicians, engineers, and workers in different fields.
Consequently, instrumentation symbols must conform to a set of
standards that make for a universal language.
For that reason, standard organizations, composed of engineers
and scientists, have been created to develop, review, and publish
standards for instrumentation symbols.
February, 2016 Slide 24 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ISA Instrumentation symbols
The ISA instrumentation symbols can be divided into three
groups:
instrument symbols;
specific component symbols;
line symbols.
February, 2016 Slide 25 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
P&ID Documentation
Piping and Instrumentation DiagramNormally a P&ID layout includes:
• Equipment;
• Piping that connects the equipment;
• Instruments used to monitor and control the processes;
• Lines/wiring that connect the equipment and
instrument together
February, 2016 Slide 26 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
P&ID Documentation
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
February, 2016 Slide 27 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
P&ID Documentation
Among all of the documentation used in an industrial automation and process control, the P&ID gives an overall explanation of what is manufactured, andhow it is manufacturedThis is useful for:
Understanding the processMaintaining the processOperating the process
The P&ID is used by field technicians, engineers, and operators to clearly understand the process and how the equipment and instrumentation are used and interconnected.
February, 2016 Slide 28 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
ISA (The International Society of Automation)ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
February, 2016 Slide 29 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
ANSI/ISA-5.2-1976 (R1992)Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations;
Now Part of ISA-5.1 (2009)
February, 2016 Slide 30 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
Ladder Diagrams
Now Part of ISA-5.1 (2009)
February, 2016 Slide 31 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
ISA-5.3-1983Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems
Now Part of ISA-5.1 (2009)
February, 2016 Slide 32 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
ANSI/ISA-5.4-1991Instrument Loop Diagrams
February, 2016 Slide 33 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
ISA-5.5-1985Graphic Symbols for Process Displays
February, 2016 Slide 34 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
ISA-S20-1999Specification Forms for Process Measurement and Control Instruments, Primary Elements, and Control Valves
February, 2016 Slide 35 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Standards
SAMA: Scientific Apparatus Makers Association Symbols used to documentsignal processing functionsOld standard, but still usedPart of ISA 5.1
February, 2016 Slide 36 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is the start of any P&ID development.
February, 2016 Slide 37 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
A PFD is the fundamental representation of a process that schematically depicts the conversion of raw materials and energy to a finished products.The PFD defines the flow of material and energy, it defines the basic relationships between major pieces of equipment, and it establishes the flow and ratings of many of the major parameters such as pressure and temperature of the process.
February, 2016 Slide 38 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
Project design teams use PFDs most effectively during the early developmental stages of a project.
PFDs are closely associated with material and energy balances. They are used to decide if there are sufficient raw materials and utilities for a project to proceed.
Site management often use PFDs to document the flow of process materials and utilities among the different units within a facility, without having to deal with all the instrument details of a complete P&ID.
February, 2016 Slide 39 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
There is no generally accepted industry standard to aid in developing the PFD.
Consequently, some PFDs show a minimum of detail while others may include significant detail.
February, 2016 Slide 40 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
Minimum Detail Approach
For a PFD to be effective, the entire process is shown in as little space as practical.
Only the major process steps are depicted, and detail is minimized.
February, 2016 Slide 41 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
Comparison of PFD and P&ID PFD
P&ID
FT
206
FY
206
IP
FV
206
FE
206
FIC
206
FC
February, 2016 Slide 42 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
PFD (Process Flow Diagram)
Historical PFD from 1931 showing the
Andrussow process
The Andrussow process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogencyanide from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst.
CH4 + NH3 + 1.5 O2 —> HCN + 3 H2O
The process is based on a reaction that was discovered by Leonid Andrussow in 1927. In the following years he developed the
process that is named after him.
February, 2016 Slide 43 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
The layout and amount of information on a P&ID will vary by site. The example shows:1 - Title Block2 - Main P&ID 3 - Line Schedules4 - Equipment Descriptions5 - Revision Descriptions6 - Notes
February, 2016 Slide 44 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Title Block (1)
Company Name
Plant/Division name and/or Location
Drawing Title
Process Description
Drawing Number
Revision Level
February, 2016 Slide 45 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
The P&ID (2)
February, 2016 Slide 46 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Equipment
Instruments
Pipes
Lines/wiring
February, 2016 Slide 47 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Schedules (3) (pipe material)
TF = TeflonSS = Stainless SteelCS = Carbon Steel
February, 2016 Slide 48 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Schedules (3) (pipe material)
Pipe Description
The line schedule gives specific information about the
actual piping:
- Size or diameter of the pipe
- Schedule (SCH) thickness or relative strength of the
- Pipe - the higher the number, the stronger the pipe
- Material the pipe is made of; such as stainless steel
(SS), teflon (TF), or carbon steel (CS)
- If the pipe is insulated or traced and how
February, 2016 Slide 49 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Schedules (3) (pipe material)
Other information:
The Line Schedule block on some P&IDs may give
additional information that relates to the process.
- Pressure at which the stream is flowing
- Temperature of the product in the line
- The product flow in pounds/hour
February, 2016 Slide 50 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Equipment Description (4)
In General equipment costing above $ 1,000the following kinds of information depending on the type of
equipment:
- Capacity
- Size
- Material of construction
- Vendor who makes it if this is important and model
number
- Temperature and pressure information
- Rating (horsepower) of pumps
February, 2016 Slide 51 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Equipment Description (4)
In General equipment costing above $ 1,000
3-14T2
1000 GAL.
500/0
CAUSTIC
February, 2016 Slide 52 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Revision (5)
February, 2016 Slide 53 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Notes(6)
Example of an interlock note that might appear in the note section.
Information concerning interlocks may be in a special
note on a P&ID.
NOTE 3:
WHEN HIGH LEVEL
SWITCH CLOSES,
INTERLOCK WILL SEND
SIGNAL TO CONTROL
VALVE TO STOP FLOW.
LSH
252 I1
FLOW CONTROL VALVE
HIGH LEVEL SWITCH
NOTE 3
February, 2016 Slide 54 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Zone Numbers
Some P&IDs have
zone numbers.
Zone numbers are
used in locating
a specific piece of
equipment or where
two pipelines join.
February, 2016 Slide 55 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Common Abbreviations used:
ACS Analyzer Control System
BMS Burner Management System
CCS Computer Control System
CEMS Continuous Emissions Monitoring System
DCS Distributed Control System
MMS Machine Monitoring System
PCCS Personal Computer Control System
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
SIS Safety Instrumented System
VMS Vibration Monitoring System
February, 2016 Slide 56 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
In addition, the following tables may be included:
Instrument Components Designations, and
Line Designations
February, 2016 Slide 57 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Instrument Components
Designations
Examples:
A Analysis
FAL Flow Alarm Low
LI Level Indicator
PAH Pressure Alarm High
O Oxygen
TS Temperature Switch
February, 2016 Slide 58 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Designations
Examples:
BG Burner Gas
C Compressed air
EA Exhaust Air
O Oxygen
SLG Sluge
WWH Wash Water
February, 2016 Slide 59 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009 The Standard
This standard establishes a uniform means of depicting
and identifying instruments or devices and their
inherent functions, instrumentation systems and functions,
and application software functions used for
measurement, monitoring, and control, by presenting a
designation system that includes identification
schemes and graphic symbols.
February, 2016 Slide 60 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
The standard provides graphical means to depict:
measurement and control equipment and systems.
1 - Instrumentation schematic diagrams of the
instruments, devices, and functions required for
monitoring and control loops.
2 - Functional diagrams of instruments, loops, and
application software functions.
3 - Binary logic diagrams.
4 - Ladder diagrams of electrical circuits.
February, 2016 Slide 61 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
A control loop can be defined as two or more devices
processing a single Process Variable arranged to provide
corrective action (feedback) to maintain the Process
Variable at a specific Set Point.
Each single control loop
Is normally identified
by a unique number
LC1Supply
h
height
Control Action
MV SP
PV
Plant
M
Demand
LT1
LV1
Process
Variable
Manipulated
Value
error
MV
F(e) PLANT
LT1
LTC1
Set
Point
Process
Variable
LV1
Control Action
February, 2016 Slide 62 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
A process variable is typically a physical characteristic of
the process that can change.
Typical process variables are:
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Flow
• Level
Documentation begins by identifying the Process Variable
of each unique control loop.
February, 2016 Slide 63 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Variables: Identification letters
Letters are used to
Identify:Measured/Initiating Variable
Variable Modifier
Readout/Passive Function
Output/Active Function
Function Modifier
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 64 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Variables: Identification letters
Letters are used to
Identify:Measured/Initiating Variable
Variable Modifier
Readout/Passive Function
Output/Active Function
Function Modifier
Example:
TRC 206
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 65 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Variables: Identification letters
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 66 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Variables: Identification letters
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 67 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Process Variables: Identification letters
The first Letters is always the Measured or Initiating Variable.
The succeeding letter(s) are used to designate the function of the
component, or to modify the meaning of the first letter.
Examples:
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Measured VariableT - TemperatureP - PressureL - LevelF - Flow
Function ModifierI - IndicatorR - RecorderC - ControllerT - Transmitter
February, 2016 Slide 68 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers
Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers are unique
combinations of identification letters and numbers that are
formed by adding a number/letters to identify the Loop.
Identification letters define in addition the purpose of each
loop device and/or function that comprises a monitoring or
control loop.
Example:
FIC206
All devices in the same loop will have the same 206 loop number
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Flow
Indicating
Controller
Loop number 206
February, 2016 Slide 69 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrument Identification/Tag Numbers
Example:
All devices in the same loop will have the same 206 loop number
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
FIC
206
FT
206
FY
206
FV
206
IP
FE
206
February, 2016 Slide 70 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
A simple circle called balloon represents a discrete stand
alone instrument.
The instrument is mounted in the field or directly to the
process.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
FIC
206
FT
206
FY
206
FV
206
IP
FE
206
February, 2016 Slide 71 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
The circle symbol usually represents an instrument and
also gives information about where the instrument or
component is located in the plant area.
• 4 distinct types of instruments are identified
• 5 plant locations/accessibilities are identified
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 72 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
5 plant
locations/
accessibilities
4 distinct types
of instruments
February, 2016 Slide 73 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Shared display, Shared control Devices and functions that are represented by these symbols are used in
microprocessor-based, and data linked instrumentation where the functions are
accessible by the operator via a shared display or monitor.
Typically configured in control systems that include distributed control systems (DCS),
programmable logic controllers (PLC), personal computers (PC), and intelligent
transmitters and valve positioners connected via a data link.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 74 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Primary choice or Basic Process Control System (BPCS)The user shall select and document one of the following for use of these symbols:
• Primary shared-display, shared-control system.
• Basic Process Control System. Compatible with the old standard
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 75 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Alternate Choice or Safety Instrumented System (SIS)The user shall select and document one of the following for use of these symbols in an:
• Alternate shared-display, shared-control system. Compatible with the old
standard
• Safety Instrumented System.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 76 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Computer System and SoftwareDevices and functions represented by these symbols are configured in computer
systems that include:
• Process controllers, process optimizers, statistical process control, model-
predictive process control, analyzer controllers, business computers,
manufacturing execution systems, and other systems that interact with the
process by manipulating setpoints in the BPCS.
• High Level Control System (HLCS)
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 77 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
DiscreteDiscrete devices or functions that are hardware-based and are either stand-alone or
are connected to other instruments, devices, or systems that include transmitters,
switches, relays, controllers, and control valves.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 78 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Location & accessibilityAccessibility includes viewing, setpoint adjustment, operating mode changing, and any
other operator actions required to operate the instrumentation.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 79 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Location & accessibility (1)• Located in field.
• Not panel, cabinet, or console mounted.
• Visible at field location.
• Normally operator accessible.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 80 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Location & accessibility (2)• Located in or on front of central or main panel or console.
• Visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Normally operator accessible at panel front or console.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 81 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Location & accessibility (3)• Located in rear of central or main panel.
• Located in cabinet behind panel.
• Not visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Not normally operator accessible at panel or console.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 82 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Location & accessibility (4)• Located in or on front of secondary or local panel or console.
• Visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Normally operator accessible at panel front or console.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 83 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Location & accessibility (5)• Located in rear of secondary or local panel.
• Located in field cabinet.
• Not visible on front of panel or on video display.
• Not normally operator accessible at panel or console.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 84 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
The instrument Tag number/designation appears in the
symbol.
The instrument loop number will also be given normally in
the lower half of the symbol.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
LIT
102
February, 2016 Slide 85 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Discrete instrument located in the field.
Level Indicating Transmitter
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
LIT
102
February, 2016 Slide 86 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Discrete instrument located in•Located in or on front of central or main panel or console.
•Visible on front of panel or on video display.
•Normally operator accessible at panel front or console
Level Indicating Transmitter
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
LIT
102
February, 2016 Slide 87 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Instrumentation devices and function symbols
Miscellaneous
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 88 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process
and equipment
connections
9 different line symbols
are identified
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 89 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:
Supply
Normally a heavy line indicating a pipe through which material flows
• Example:
• Steam
• Raw material
• Final product
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Supply
February, 2016 Slide 90 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
• The instrument is directly connected to the process
• A meter inserted into a pipe
• Material that passes through(the instrument measures the material and displays a flow reading)
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Instrument connected to process and equipment.
• Process impulse lines.
• Analyzer sample lines.
February, 2016 Slide 91 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Heat (cool) traced impulse or sample lines from
process.
• Type of tracing indicated by: (ET) electrical,
(ST) steam, (CV) chilled water, etc.
February, 2016 Slide 92 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Generic equipment connected to process line.
• Generic instrument connected to equipment.
February, 2016 Slide 93 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Heat (cool) traced generic instrument impulse
line.
• Process line or equipment may or may not be
traced.
February, 2016 Slide 94 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Heat (cool) traced instrument.
• Instrument impulse line may or may not be
traced.
February, 2016 Slide 95 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Flanged instrument connection to process line.
• Flanged instrument connected to equipment.
February, 2016 Slide 96 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Threaded instrument connected to process.
• Threaded instrument connected to equipment.
February, 2016 Slide 97 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Socket welded instrument connection to
process line
• Socket welded instrument connection to
equipment.
February, 2016 Slide 98 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument to process and equipment connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
• Welded instrument connection to process line
• Welded instrument connection to equipment.
February, 2016 Slide 99 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line Symbols:instrument-to-instrument
connections
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 100 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID Document
Line SymbolsSolid Bold Line:
The thick solid line shows the pipes (referred to as
process piping) that contain the process material such as
steam, raw materials, or the final product that is being
controlled.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 101 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
FT
206
FY
206
IP
FV
206
FE
206
FIC
206
Components of a P&ID Document
Solid Fine Line:
The thinner solid line indicates that an instrument is
connected directly to the process. For example, Loop 205
shows how a field mounted pressure orifice transmitter is
connected directly to the process within the pipe.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 102 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
FT
206
FY
206
IP
FV
206
FE
206
FIC
206
Components of a P&ID Document
Solid Fine Line:
Other types of line symbols on a P&ID drawing represent
signal lines that carry electronic or pneumatic, or optical
information that are called signal lines, carry information
between two instruments electrically, through pneumatics,
or by several other methods.
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 103 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID DocumentPrimary Elements
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 104 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID DocumentFinal Elements
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 105 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID DocumentFinal Elements Actuating Symbols
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 106 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
Components of a P&ID DocumentSelf-actuated final control element symbol
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 107 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
Jayson MacKiddieMay 9th, 2004
Chlorine Dioxide (bleach) Flow Loop
Loop 100
FY
100
UB
700
FT1
100
FE
200
ClO2
(Chlorine
Dioxide)Pulp Fibres
FT2
100
FE
100
FCV
100
sPRV
100
1
5
4
3
2
Vent
JB
100
+-
+-
+-
8
7
6
20psig
+-
+-
UA
60012 o
12 i
JB
200
1
5
4
3
2
8
7
6
Field Process AreaField
Junction
Pannel
Junction
Pannel
Front
UT
100+-
UT
100+-(Radio Signal)
Loop Diagrams
An extension of P&ID’s, which show the components and
accessories of the instrument loop, how they are connected, and
the location of the components and interconnections.
February, 2016 Slide 108 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
Jayson MacKiddieMay 9th, 2004
Chlorine Dioxide (bleach) Flow Loop
Loop 100
FY
100
UB
700
FT1
100
FE
200
ClO2
(Chlorine
Dioxide)Pulp Fibres
FT2
100
FE
100
FCV
100
sPRV
100
1
5
4
3
2
Vent
JB
100
+-
+-
+-
8
7
6
20psig
+-
+-
UA
60012 o
12 i
JB
200
1
5
4
3
2
8
7
6
Field Process AreaField
Junction
Pannel
Junction
Pannel
Front
UT
100+-
UT
100+-(Radio Signal)
Loop Diagrams
Use P&ID symbols
February, 2016 Slide 109 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
Jayson MacKiddieMay 9th, 2004
Chlorine Dioxide (bleach) Flow Loop
Loop 100
FY
100
UB
700
FT1
100
FE
200
ClO2
(Chlorine
Dioxide)Pulp Fibres
FT2
100
FE
100
FCV
100
sPRV
100
1
5
4
3
2
Vent
JB
100
+-
+-
+-
8
7
6
20psig
+-
+-
UA
60012 o
12 i
JB
200
1
5
4
3
2
8
7
6
Field Process AreaField
Junction
Pannel
Junction
Pannel
Front
UT
100+-
UT
100+-(Radio Signal)
Loop Diagrams
Identify Locations
February, 2016 Slide 110 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
D
C
B
A
4 3 2 1
Jayson MacKiddieMay 9th, 2004
Chlorine Dioxide (bleach) Flow Loop
Loop 100
FY
100
UB
700
FT1
100
FE
200
ClO2
(Chlorine
Dioxide)Pulp Fibres
FT2
100
FE
100
FCV
100
sPRV
100
1
5
4
3
2
Vent
JB
100
+-
+-
+-
8
7
6
20psig
+-
+-
UA
60012 o
12 i
JB
200
1
5
4
3
2
8
7
6
Field Process AreaField
Junction
Pannel
Junction
Pannel
Front
UT
100+-
UT
100+-(Radio Signal)
Loop Diagrams
Identify all Terminal Connections, and show all wiring
February, 2016 Slide 111 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
FIELD CONTROL PANEL
123
PIC
100
PT
101
45
Loop Diagram
Gas Cylinder filling system
SIZE FSCM NO DWG NO Drawn by
A 1 1 Saddat Mohammad
243-646-VA Midterm Exam SHEET 3 OF 3
PT
102
SV-101
+-
+-
+-
IP
+-
+-
1213
67891011
Compressor 101
Loop Diagrams
Can be simple
February, 2016 Slide 112 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
Loop Diagrams
Can be Complex
February, 2016 Slide 113 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
February, 2016 Slide 114 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
What is a Standard
• A set of characteristics, quantities, or procedures that
describes features of a product, process, service,
interface, or material
• Standards provide numerous benefits in automation
and production
• A “standards series” can often include Standards,
Recommended Practices, and/or Technical Reports
• Format can be printed documents, PDFs,
downloadable files, or templates
February, 2016 Slide 115 ISA P&ID Patrick Bouwman
ANSI/ISA-5.1-2009
How Standards are Developed
Standards are generally developed by a standards committees
based on a terms of reference for the committee and what
organization it is associated with.
Characteristics of a “good” standards committee / organization:
– Openness
– Lack of Dominance
– Balance
– Consensus– Right of Appeal