Cisco Confidential 1© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
IPoDWDM and IP NGN Core designJosef UngermanCisco, CCIE #6167
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
• Motivations for IP NGN• Trends is IP/MPLS Core Design• Making Routers Cheaper• IPoDWDM • Pre-FEC proactive protection• 100GE and 40GE• Future
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
IP Traffic will increase 4x from 2009 to 2014(34% CAGR)
Mobile Data Traffic will double every
year
IP Traffic grew 45% in 2009
Video will be 66% of mobile data, and 91% of global traffic
Central & Eastern Europe will be
2.3EB/month (3.6% of the global 64EB/month)Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index—Forecast, 2009–2014 [Cisco VNE]
IP Traffic
Internet TrafficBusiness IP traffic will increase 2.6x (21% CAGR), only video will grow 10x
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
1) Reduce the number of networks� the largest portion of the traffic will rule the design
2) Reduce the number of layers� the largest portion of the traffic must be as close to fiber as possible, eliminate overlay
3) Reduce the number of nodes� the largest portion of the traffic must pass the lowest possible number of nodes
4) Reduce the number of links� the number of changes in the network must be minimal when adding more capacity; use statistical multiplex - small traffic follows big traffic
5) Use modern technologies� Watch TCO, Price/Performance ratio, Watt/Gigabit ratio, investment protection (h/w upgradeability, s/w roadmaps)
How to move bits cheaper......reduce OPEX, CAPEX, and keep reasonable quality?
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
• IP NGN = Single Multiservice NetworkNot multiple single-service networks. Key enablers are Virtualization, QoS and Security.
• IP NGN = MPLS + DWDM Optical TransportMoving bits cheaper. 100GE evolution, Price/Gigabit and Watt/Gigabit reduction.
• IP NGN = optimal balance between Clouds and CircuitsStatistical Multiplex (IP/MPLS, MPLS-TP) and Division Multiplex (DWDM, OTN).
Cisco Confidential 7© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Designing End to End IP/MPLS networks
Hierarchical Design (divide & conquer approach)
PE is always connected to P
Simple upgrades
Static Transport LayerProtection is in the IP domain
Hierarchy Hollow Core ideaRouter Bypass
• Hierarchical Design with optical router bypass
• Still simple upgrades• Cheaper bandwidth• Quality is kept
Flat Design (full mesh between IP routers)
Fewer nodes, Much more Links
Complex upgrades, complex QoS
Dynamic Transport Layer (G.MPLS, VCAT/ODU-FLEX)
Protection in the Optical domain
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
MetroAggregation
Core
BNG(Edge)
Internet Gateways
The Quality of IP NGN Design• Hierarchy (P is connected to PE)• One network, one IGP (not multiple)• QoS and Security everywhere• Scalability – where will 40/100GE start?
The Quality of IP NGN Design• Hierarchy (P is connected to PE)• One network, one IGP (not multiple)• QoS and Security everywhere• Scalability – where will 40/100GE start?
SSN – Single Service Node (eg. BRAS, IGW)MSN – Multiservice Node (eg. P router)•SSN-MSN link = ok safe operation
•MSN-MSN link = think twice!such link needs proper QoS and capacity mgt
•SSN-SSN link = stop! don’t break the hierarchy, don’t create another net
Cisco Confidential 9© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Creates an IP mesh
Creates an IP hierarchy
Statistical Multiplexing
DWDM or dark fiber – direct link(optical layer bypass)
Too large distances – OTN switch(transport layer bypass)
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
100GE� IEEE 802.3ba ratified � CRS-3 today, in 2011/12 also ASR9K & Nexus7K
OTN (Optical Transport Network)� OTN Framing
� implemented today for Ethernet interfaces – ITU-T G.709 � CRS, ASR9000, 7600, CPT, ONS (ODU2e, ODU3, future ODU4)
� OTN Aggregation� implemented today for 10GE � ODU3 (future Any-Rate, ODU4, MPLS-TP)� ONS15454 Muxponder
� OTN Switching� geographically very large countries, or very dense 10G E-Line networks (G.MPLS)� developed for next generation portfolio
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
• All lambdas upgraded to 100Gbps• Sub-100G services provided by OTN OEO
AdvantagesAll lambdas on a fibre are 100G
Disadvantages100TXP investment upfrontNeed an additional OTN OEOAll 10G TXPs are obsolete
10G and 100G DWDM Coexistence
� 10G and 100G lambdas co-exist on same fibre� Packet uses 100G, everything else 10G
AdvantagesOnly high demand clients upgraded to 100GProtects existing 10G DWDM investmentLowest cost per bit (100G TXPs>10 x10G TXPs)
DisadvantagesNeed a guard band between 10G and 100G
frequenciesNot appealing in ULH environments
100G lambda
10G lambda
100G lambdas
OTN OTN
10G SR
100G SR
OTN Multiplexing
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
�������
�
�
NoNo
NoNo
No
� No
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
35bn
30bn
25bn
20bn
15bn
10bn
5bn
� Wholesale and retail Ethernet services : E-Line, E-Tree and E-LAN
� ~90% of Ethernet market place <1GE in 2013� What is the most efficient way to support these
Ethernet Services? OTN circuits or Packets?Source Infonetics 2009 and Cisco VNI
domain for OTN
domain for MPLS
Circuit
Packet
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 14
Routers
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
• Silicon has fundamentally followed Moore’s law• Optics is fundamentally an analog problem
Routers: 23% Cumulative Average $/Gbps Drop per year / fewer ASICsOptics: $/G stays flat (best case) or increases from one technology to the next
Cisco Core Router Example
10G/40G/100G Networking Ports Biannual Worldwide and Regional Market Size and ForecastsMay 2010
NEW
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
1) Compact Anatomy� RSP, Route/Switch Processor (instead of RP and FC)� Ethernet-oriented Linecard (non-modular, less memory)
2) Linecard Architecture� 4x 10G NPU (instead of 1x 40G NPU)� one full-duplex NPU shared for rx and tx (instead of 2 dedicated NPU’s)� 2x 40G fabric interface (instead of 1x 80G fabric interface)
3) Special Core-facing Linecards� 8/16 queues per port (instead of thousands)� lower-scale NPU (no need for thousands of interfaces)� licenses for features that not everybody uses (IPoDWDM, SyncE, VPN,...)
4) Oversubscribed Cards� 2:1 ingress overbooking (eg. GPON Aggregation or Intra PoP PE links)
5) Power Consumption� newer chips, fewer chips = 50+% Watt-per-Gigabit savings
© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BRKIPM-2012 17
Cisco CRSvery modular router anatomy
IOS IOS IOS IOS
RP (active) RP (standby)
MSC-140 –140G
FP-140– 140G
SPA
SPA
SIP-800
midpla
ne 40
G
MSC-40
NP
NP
Qbuff. IOS
Q
Qbuff.
FP-40
NP
NP
Qbuff.
IOS
Q
Qbuff.
NP’
NP’
Qbuff. IOS
Q
Qbuff.
NP’
NP’
Qbuff.
IOS
Q
Qbuff.
PLIM
midpla
ne 40
G
14x 10GE
Switch Fabric Cards(all 8 active)
4, 8 or 16 Linecard slots + 2 RP slots
100GE
QFA (Quantum Flow Array)- 140 Gbps, 125 Mpps NPU- one for RX, one for TX
processing
QFA (Quantum Flow Array)- 140 Gbps, 125 Mpps NPU- one for RX, one for TX
processing
141G rx225G tx141G rx225G tx
midpla
ne 14
0G
midpla
ne 14
0G
© 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.BRKIPM-2012 18
Cisco ASR9000compact router/switch anatomy
IOS IOS
RSP (active)
IOS IOS
RSP (fab. active)
NP
NP
NP
NP
buff.
buff.
buff.
buff.
IOS
Transport LC – 40G
NP
NP
NP
NP
buff.
buff.
buff.
buff.
IOS
NP
NP
NP
NP
buff.
buff.
buff.
buff.
Transport LC – 80G
4 or 8 Linecard slots
90G90G
Trident NPU- 15 Gbps, 14 Mpps (2x)- shared for RX & TX processing- more independent NPU’s per card
Trident NPU- 15 Gbps, 14 Mpps (2x)- shared for RX & TX processing- more independent NPU’s per card
NP
NP
buff.
buff.
Transport LC – 16x TGE OSNP
NP
buff.
buff.
IOS NP
NP
buff.
buff.
NP
NP
buff.
buff.
NP
NP
NP
NP
buff.
buff.
buff.
buff.
IOS
Transport LC – 8x TGE OS
RSP (Route/Switch Processor)• CPU + Switch Fabric• active/active SF
RSP (Route/Switch Processor)• CPU + Switch Fabric• active/active SF
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
Edge-facing Card Core-facing Card Over-subscribed CardCRS-1 EMSE MSC40 $50K FP40 + 4xTGE $19K FP40 + 8xTGE $16K7600 ES+ 4TG $39K ES+T 4TG $16K - -CRS-3 EMSE MSC140 $29K FP140 + 14xTGE $18K FP140 + 20xTGE $15KASR9000 A9K-8T-B $16K A9K-8T-L $9.25K A9K-8T/4-L $5.75K
Watt per TGE (max.)CRS-1 MSC40 + 4xTGE 125 WCRS-1 FP40 + 4xTGE 105 W7600 76-ES+4T 100 WASR9000 A9K-8T 78 WCRS-3 MSC/FP + 14xTGE 43 W
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 20
IPoDWDM
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
Invest in High Capacity SDH/SONET/OTN10 transponders needed4-14 Short Reach opticsEvery Lambda OEOAddt’l transponder & SR for each λExpensive switch w/active electronics
OTN OEO SDH/SONET Solution
Short ReachOptics I/F
Cross Connect(XC)
Transpondersor DWDM I/F
Router
Continue to Invest in XCs & Transponders
Invest in IPoDWDM0 transponders needed2 Tunable DWDM interfaces in routerAll pass-through traffic stays opticalROADM full provisioned, no truck rollsExpensive switch eliminated
IPoDWDM Solution
ROADMs
TunableDWDM I/F
Router
Eliminate Unnecessary OEO XC & Transponders
Cisco Confidential 22© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
CoreRouter
Electrical XC
Metro Network
IP Layer ManagementIP Layer Management
P2P DWDM
Optical Layer ManagementTransponders converting short reach to λ
Electrical switching – OEO conversions
Metro Network
Manual patching of 10G connections
Cisco Confidential 23© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Metro Network
Metro Network
Integrated transponders
Photonic switching –no OEO conversions
ROADM
CoreRouter
Common Network Management and Control
MeshROADM
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
• Integration of core routers with optical transport platform� 2 layer in one � reduced OPEX� Eliminates need O-E-O modules (transponders) in transport platform� Integration at control plane level (pre-FEC FRR) to improve network resiliency
• Increased rack space and power efficiency• Possible integration with 3rd party transport equipment• Improves OSNR, CD and PMD robustness through use of advanced
modulations for high speed channels� ODB, DPSK+ for 40 Gbps� CP-DQPSK planned for 100 Gbps
• Available for CRS, ASR 9000, 7600, and 12000
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
BeforeBefore
RouterRouter ROADMROADMTransponderTransponder
Transponder Integrated into Router
Transponder Integrated into Router
RouterRouter ROADMROADM
DWDM
I/F
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
Ensure you are user of user group in proper task groupConfigure DWDM controller using CLI:
controller dwdm0/15/0/0admin-state in-servicewavelength 7
Configure L3 interface same as before
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
ITU-T G.709Performance Monitoring
Line Card State
show controllers dwdm 0/15/0/0 Port dwdm0/15/0/0Controller State: upLoopback: None
G709 Status OTU
LOS = 0 LOF = 0 LOM = 0 BDI = 0 IAE = 0 BIP = 0 BEI = 0 TIM = 0
ODUAIS = 0 BDI = 0 OCI = 0LCK = 0 BIP = 0 BEI = 0 PTIM = 0 TIM = 0
FEC Mode: Enhanced FEC(default)EC(current second) = 4063 EC = 74084864668 UC = 0 pre-FEC BER = 9.53E-8 Q = 5.26 Q Margin = 5.49
Remote FEC Mode: UnknownFECMISMATCH = 0
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
Optical Alarms Trace & Performance Monitoring
On-Board TDC included on 2nd Generation
show controllers dwdm 0/15/0/0 (cont)Port dwdm0/15/0/0
Detected Alarms: NoneAsserted Alarms: None
Alarm Reporting Enabled for: LOS LOF LOM IAE OTU-BDI OTU-TIM OTU_SF_BER OTU_SD_BER ODU-AIS ODU-BDI OCI LCK PTIM ODU-TIM FECMISMATCH BER Thresholds: OTU-SF = 10e-3 OTU-SD = 10e-6
OTU TTI Sent String ASCII: Tx TTI Not Configured OTU TTI Received String ASCII: Rx TTI Not Recieved OTU TTI Expected String ASCII: Exp TTI Not Configured
ODU TTI Sent String ASCII: Tx TTI Not Configured ODU TTI Received String ASCII: Rx TTI Not Recieved ODU TTI Expected String ASCII: Exp TTI Not Configured
Optics Status
Optics Type: DWDMWavelength Info: C-Band, MSA ITU Channel=15, Frequency=195.40THz, Wavelength=1534.250nm TX Power = 1.04 dBm RX Power = -5.33 dBm RX LOS Threshold = -16.00 dBm
TDC InfoTDC Not Supported on the Plim or
TDC InfoOperational Mode: AUTOStatus : LOCKEDDispersion Setting : 0 ps/nm
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
Performance Monitoring Over TimeCurrent Interval
Past Intervals
show controllers dwdm 0/15/0/0 pm history fecPort dwdm0/15/0/0
g709 FEC in the current interval [ 1:30:00 - 01:31:21 Mon Jun 28 2010]EC-BITS : 238922 Threshold : 0 TCA(enable) : NOUC-WORDS : 0 Threshold : 0 TCA(enable) : NO
g709 FEC in interval 1 [ 1:15:00 - 1:30:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]EC-BITS : 2254454 UC-WORDS : 0
g709 FEC in interval 2 [ 1:00:00 - 1:15:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]EC-BITS : 2143773 UC-WORDS : 0
g709 FEC in interval 3 [ 0:45:00 - 1:00:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]EC-BITS : 2312558 UC-WORDS : 0
g709 FEC in interval 4 [ 0:30:00 - 0:45:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]EC-BITS : 2249076 UC-WORDS : 0
g709 FEC in interval 5 [ 0:15:00 - 0:30:00 Mon Jun 28 2010]EC-BITS : 2548391 UC-WORDS : 0
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
APS channel is used for alarm signaling
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 31
SR porton Router
Trans-ponder
FEC
DWDM
BER Out
Packet Loss LOF
FEC
Standard Protection
Working Path Switch-over
ProtectedPath WDM
porton Router
FEC
DWDM
BER Out
Packet Loss
FEC
ProtectionTrigger
Near-hitless switch
Proactive Protection
Working Path Protected Path
Cisco Confidential 32© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Protection Type Fault Type
Convergence Time (ms)
Highest Lowest Average
Proactive Optical Switch 11.50 11.18 11.37
Proactive Noise Injection 0.02 0 0.0Proactive Fiber Pull (Tx) 25.48 0 12,39
Proactive PMD-Injection 0.08 0 0.02Standard Optical Switch 11,54 11,37 11,43
Standard Noise Injection 7404 1193 4305Standard Fiber Pull (Tx) 25.93 12.50 20.19
Standard PMD-Injection 129.62 122.51 125.90
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# controller dwdm 0/0/0/0
proactive
log signal /disk0:/logfile1 /* start logging to the file
proactive trigger threshold 5 3 /* BER = 5E-3, window=30ms
proactive trigger window 100 /* changed to 100ms
proactive revert threshold 4 3
commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router# sh controller dwdm 0/0/0/0 proactive
Proactive protection status: ON/OFF
Proactive protection state: Normal - interface is active
Inputs affecting proactive protection state:
Transport Admin State : IS/OOS/OOS-MT
Trigger Threshold: 3e-4
Revert Threshold: 5e-5
Trigger Integration Window: 100ms
Revert Integration Window: 2000ms
Received APS: 0x00 (No Request)
Transmitted APS request: 0x0A (Signal Degrade)
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34
1. A-Z Provisioning sets congruent threshold for pre-FEC BER2. Whenever a degrade is detected, i.e. the BER pre-FEC threshold is crossed at REGEN, REGEN propagates a Degrade indication forward and backward3. FRR detects the degrade indication and switch
RegenA
RegenB
Threshold crossed at a regen, causing a signal towards upstream and downstream routers
Activates L3 switching
signal
signalRouter-A Router-
B
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35
– FRR decides protection path ahead of a failure– Can be wrong w/o SRLG data
What appears diverse in L2/L3 may not be diverse in L1– Manual SRLG entry is error prone and not up to date– SRLGs can be mined from the Optical layer and fed to IP layer
!1 2 3
SRLG={1,2,3}
Router topology
Optical topology
Enhance network resilience w/o error-prone manual work
Cisco Confidential 36© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Alarm
EMS
TranspondersIn Shelves
TL-1/CORBA
DWDM Main Controller
w/ Info Model Database
Config
Traditional Network
Transponder Representation in Info Model
Comm Inside the NE (IPC)
Alarm
EMS
DWDM Router Interfaces
TL-1/CORBA/XML
Config
DWDM Main Controller
w/ Info Model Database
Virtual Transponder Representation in Info Model
LMP
IPoDWDM: Can Be Managed w/out Significant Changes
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
CESNET 40G IPoDWDM Testing 2009G.652
BalancedG.655
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39
Requirements:„Big box” – multichassis OC-768QoSMulticastIPv6nx10GigE, not same as 40G
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40
40G 613km ‘alien-wavelength’over existing Siemens Surpass hiT 7500
DPSK+ 40G
other NRZ 10G channelsQ Margin = 6.25 dBPMD < 2.3 psCD < +/- 700 ps/nmOSNR > 7.4 dB
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 41
40GE and 100GE
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42
• IEEE 802.3ba D3.0 released (It’s a DONE DEAL)Standard Update
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 43
High Speed Ethernet Standard Interfaces
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44
High Speed Ethernet – Not To Exceed PricingEstimated Not to Exceed List Prices (Industry-wide)
Cisco Confidential 45© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Historical Adoption of High Speed Ethernet
Cisco Confidential 46© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.All units are in millimeters and round numbers
Xenpak X2 XFP SFP+ QSFP CXP*
115
3677
1336 18
70
18
70 m
ax
~24
TBD56
CFP82
140
E-interface:84 pinsTx: 12x10GRx: 12x10G E-interface:
70 pins4x3.125G
E-interface:70 pins4x3.125G
30 pins1x10G
20 pins1x10G
E-interface:148 pins4x10G (XLAUI)10x10G (CAUI)
38 pins4x10G
High-Speed Transceivers Form Factors
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 47
High-Speed Ethernet Transceiver Landscape40G/100G CFP 40G QSFP
Applications:Single Mode Fiber 10-40+KmMultimode Parallel FiberTwinax CopperConvertible in to 4x10GbE (SFP+)Power Consumption:Up to 8W @ 40GbEUp to 25W @ 100GbE
Applications:Multimode Parallel FiberTwinax CopperFuture (?) 10 Km Single Mode
Power Consumption:Up to 3.5W
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 48
CFP features a new concept known as the riding heat sink, in which the heat sink is attached to rails on the host card and “rides” on top of the CFP, which is flat topped.
High-Speed Ethernet Transceiver Landscape
CXP was created to satisfy the high-density requirements of the data center, targeting parallel interconnections for 12x QDR InfiniBand (120 Gbps), 100 GbE, and proprietary links between systems collocated in the same facility. The InfiniBand Trade Association is currently standardizing the CXP.
100GbE CFP requires“Riding HeatSink” SMF optimized
100GbE CXP MMF/Twinax optimized
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 49
1x 100GBE� Line-rate performance (100Gbps)� CFP optics (LR4)
FP-140 – Core & Peering @ 140 Gbps� 8 queues per port, ACL, Netflow
MSC-140 – High-speed edge @ 140Gbps� HQoS, 64,000 queues, 12,000 interfaces
Interface Module
Forwarding Processor
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 50
20102010 20112011 20122012
NG Router Hardware Roadmap
20092009
CRS40G
per slot
CRS140Gper slot
CRS400Gper slot
ASR900080G
per slot
ASR9000200Gper slot
100GE 100GEOTU440GEOTU3e10GEOTU2e
10GEOTU2e
STM-256OTU3
10GEOTU2e
100GE40GE
STM-256
100GE/40GEOTU
7600 ES+40G
per slot
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 51
• Catalyst 6500: 4-port 40G module80Gbps/60Mpps, CFP transceivers16x 10GE version also available
• Nexus 7000: 6-port 40G module240Gbps/120Mpps, QSFP transceivers (focused on DC distances)
• Nexus 7000: 2-port 100G module (40/100)200Gbps/120Mpps, CFP transceivers (focused on wide-area distances)
Target FCS CY11
Data Center
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 52
• PM – QPSK – Pol Mux Quadrature Phase Shift Keying• Increase distances utilizing Cisco Advanced FEC• Advanced signal processing to address:
CD CompensationPMD MitigationSingle Channel Non-linear impairment mitigation
• To be implemented on both router interfaces and transport NEs
4 x50GADC
SignalProcessing
PIN
PIN
PIN
PIN
Laser
90°Hybrid
90°Hybrid
i0q0i1q1
Optical Linear System
Laser
25Gb/sQPSK1 Modulator
25Gb/s100 Gb/s = 25 Gbaud
25Gb/sQPSK2 Modulator
25Gb/s
In-phase
Quadrature
In-phase
Quadrature
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53
• Higher data rates200Gig, 400Gig, 1T? Research for CRS, ASR, Nexus, ONS
• Need to investigate other modulation techniquesPM-16QAM, PM-64QAM, …. or CO-OFDM ?
• Need deeper look at FECAdvanced FECWhat other algorithms are there
• Need of intelligent DWDM layerFlex spectrumControl planeAdvanced operations, troubleshooting and protection mechanisms
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 54
• Motivations for IP NGN – traffic growth• Trends is IP/MPLS Core Design – cost reduction• Moore’s Law – making routers cheaper• IPoDWDM and proactive protection• 40GE,100GE and Beyond
© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 56
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