IP Video over DOCSISIs Cable ready for IPTV?
Michael AdamsVice President, Applications Software Strategy
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Agenda
Current state of DOCSIS
Market and business drivers for DOCSIS
Evolution of video delivery
What's to come
Summary
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Current State of DOCSIS 3.0
• Is DOCSIS 3.0 ready to become IP video transport king?
– Much faster speeds, initially up to 155 Mbps downstream, and 120 Mbps upstream, even potentially more if service providers bond more then 4 channels
– More users per channels through statistical multiplexing efficiency benefits of higher bandwidths (roughly 15-20% more, compared to DOCSIS 2.x)
– Native and enhanced support (SSM, header suppression, etc) for IP multicast
– Decoupling of bonded channels, and use of Universal Edge-QAMs
– Enhanced Security and monitoring
– IPV6 support
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Current State of DOCSIS 3.0
• Certification levels and wave status– CableLabs has many CMTS vendors qualified at bronze, silver,
and even full certification
– Currently many certified Cable-Modems
• Certifications are done in “wave”, latest qualification was “wave 58”
• Certification levels are based on support of specific functionality (such as upstream bonding support
• Cable Modem must support “ALL” requirements to pass
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Technical and Engineering Status
• DOCSIS 3.0 certification
• Modular CMTS? Not a requirement, but promises lower downstream costs by using EQAM technology
• New monitoring tools and techniques (no more analog, or even traditional Digital)
• Common timing requirements
• Complex new systems architecture requires new OSS/BSS development
• New Security requirements
• New DSG STB
• IPV6 management and support
• New protocol requirements, such as IPDR
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Early Adopters
• Service Providers (such as Videotron in Canada) have already been deploying non-standards based bonded channel services
• Comcast is already offering services up to 100Mbps in certain markets
• Many other MSO in technical trials as we speak• Some MSO are hedging their bets by slowing down SDV
deployments, in exchange for accelerating DOCSIS 3.0 rollouts
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Agenda
Current state of DOCSIS
Market and business drivers for DOCSIS
Evolution of video delivery
What's to come
Summary
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Market and Business Drivers
• Competitive pressure from FTTH/FTTM service providers (i.e. Verizon, AT&T, etc.)
• Interestingly DOCSIS 3.0 can outpace (with just 4 bonded channels) the fastest of currently available FTTH broadband services available today
• Better suited for small and medium business, which often require symmetrical speeds of a higher order
• As more bandwidth and spectrum is shifted to DOCSIS, better means of utilization and efficiencies are investigated. VOD, HD,“Over-the-top content” channel delivery for example
• The advent of DSG Set-top-boxes
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• IP Video over DOCSIS now offers the possibility of new services, such as :– Localized and personalized ad-insertion (down the tuner level)– Personalized video channels for sharing home videos and
content (imagine end-users creating their own TV channel that friends and family can join to watch your content)
– Highly specialized and customizable video portals (i.e. Video mosaic portals, etc.)
• Dramatically reduced the threat of FTTH services providers, and in some cases (FTTN providers), reverses the positions
• Often overlooked, and under-valued, more “upload”capacity
• Along with new DSG STB, comes support MPEG-4 AVC, fast channel change, and reliable UDP transmission protocols
Market and Business Drivers
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2.4 Kbps
Peak Modem Throughput (bps)
1982 1986 1990 1994 19981
10
100
1K300 bps
2002 2006
56 Kbps
10K
100K
1M
1.2 Kbps9.6 Kbps
14.4 Kbps
28 Kbps33 Kbps
10M
100M
1G
128 Kbps
256 Kbps512 Kbps
1 Mbps 5 Mbps
50 Mbps
The Era ofDial-Up Modems
The Era ofCable Modems
The Era ofWideband
Cable Modems
2010 Year2014
10G
100G
12 Mbps
1 Gbps10 Gbps
100 Gbps
2016
Trend Predicts 200 Mbps Modems in 2016*
Bandwidth (bps)
30 Kbps90 Kbps
100 Kbps
1 Mbps
* with thanks to Tom Cloonan, ARRIS
Constant Increase = ~1.4835x every year
Average per-sub bandwidth will increase by a factor of ~100 over the next 8 years!
200 Mbps
11 Mbps
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Agenda
Current state of DOCSIS
Market and business drivers for DOCSIS
Evolution of video delivery
What's to come
Summary
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
How the video delivery model is changing
• Trends– From One-way to Two-way
– From Broadcast to On-demand
– From DVR to nPVR
– From TV to TV, PC and mobile (“3 screens”)
• Why?– Customers are demanding it
– Web leads them to expect it
– Targeted advertising requires it
• Where will this take us in a 5 year timeframe?– Network evolution
– Service convergence
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From One-way to Two-way
• HFC enabled real-time, two-way by segmenting the network into small service groups with manageable ingress noise characteristics.
• Real-time, two-way signaling was first deployed in digital cable deployments starting in late 1990’s.
• Real-time, two-way was a key enabling technology for VOD• It also enables High Speed Internet and Voice over IP
services
• Transition completed by 2005 (major MSOs)
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From Broadcast to Unicast
• TV is gradually moving from a broadcast to a unicast delivery model.
• This trend started with on-demand programming for example movies on-demand and subscription on-demand (e.g. HBO on demand).
• Even for live programming, such as sports and news, there are advantages to unicast delivery:– Advertising can be targeted according to individual customer
demographics and preferences– Splicing technology (called VOD play-listing) is now being
incorporated into VOD servers– nPVR services can be seamlessly added without the need for
an expensive DVR
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From DVR to nPVR
• TiVo was the service so loved by consumers it was even profiled in “Sex in the City”, but DVRs have their drawbacks:– You have to remember to program them– Only so many tuners– Only so much storage– Prone to failure (hard disk)– Power hungry– Cost
• Only 20% of subscribers have a DVR in USA.• Network Personal Video Recorder (nPVR) emulates a DVR
and solves most of these problems.• nPVR is a significantly lower cost solution than DVR due to
VOD server commoditization.• TWC pioneered an effort to obtain programming rights
successfully with their “Start Over” service.
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From TV to TV, PC and mobile devices
• For anyone who had graduated college by 2005, PC is seen as an additional way to view video programming.
• But for those younger, it is seen as a replacement!• MSOs are starting to acknowledge that their emerging new
competitors are iTunes, NetFlix, and Blockbuster.• Mobile video is the latest craze in Asia, and will likely
spread in Europe and America.
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• SDV
– SDV should be considered an interim step.
– Even with universal EQAM, and spectrum sharing, services are still isolated, and bandwidth segmented and wasted.
– Although SDV could support IPTV type services, it doesn’t really make sense.
– To achieve a completely switched architecture using SDV, at least 650 Mbps would be required a 500 tuner service group, and you still need to allocate 4 to 8 QAM channels for DOCSIS, “X” channels for nPVR, “Y” channels for VOIP.
Evolution of video delivery
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• IP Video over DOCSIS– With 8x4 bonded channels (which is currently being field
tested by some MSO), up to 310 Mbps is available– True “Services” bandwidth sharing is now possible. Remember,
customers don’t buy “technology” (i.e.. DOCSIS), they purchase “Services” (TV, VOIP, HSI, etc.)
– Efficiencies in multicast video, both at the edge and the core, make DOCSIS specially suited for high volume distribution. At any given time 80% of customers watch on average the same top 20 channels.
Evolution of video delivery
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Agenda
Current state of DOCSIS
Market and business drivers for DOCSIS
Evolution of video delivery
What's to come
Summary
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
A Five Year Vision for Video Services
• Everything On-Demand– Startover, nPVR, Library model
• Any Device– STB, PC, Mobile Handset, Portable Media Player
• Anywhere– Living room, Study, Car, Airplane, Train, …– Push & pull model delivery models
• Any Network– Since video is an applications, we should strive for network
independence. For example, although MSOs deliver video over HFC networks today, they will expand their footprint using IP and wireless technologies.
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Everything On-Demand
• Linear television is becoming less important over time; this is a generational change. Today’s college-age kids have already discovered how to obtain their entertainment video in a non-linear world.
• “All you need is On-demand” if and only if:– Powerful, natural guide – yet to be perfected
– Library model – unlimited long-tail content combined with powerful search and recommendation engines
– Targeted Advertising support
• Cable will gain a strategic advantage over satellite by moving rapidly to “everything-on-demand”
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Any Device
• MPEG-4 AVC provides up to a 50% reduction in bandwidth for equivalent quality over MPEG-2.
• It has become established as the universal choice of CODEC for nearly all devices (STBs, PCs, PDAs, etc.)
• In a DOCSIS 3.0 environment, a per-house cable modem could provide the network termination for all services (voice, video, and data).
• Next generation IP-only STB’s will be much cheaper because they do not require tuners and return transmitters, only a single Ethernet interface ($20 - $40)
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HD Resolutions and Frame RatesExample bit-rate requirements
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Resolution pels * frame rate (normalized to D1)
Bit
Rat
e (M
bps) MPEG-2
MPEG-4 AVC
1280x720p@24
1280x720p@50SD @60
1920x1080i@30
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Anywhere
• Living room, Study, Car, Airplane, Train– Sometimes termed the “three screen approach”, Operators
must have a single content delivery infrastructure to support all of these scenarios
• Push & pull model delivery models required– Some devices will be fixed (large display), others portable
(medium display size), and other mobile (PDA, cell-phone, media player)
– Some devices will be tethered to the network and stream from it
– Some devices will contain significant storage (32 GB FLASH announced in January) and will play independently of the network.
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Any Network
• HFC• IP over DOCSIS• Mobile• IPTV
• The common factor is Internet Protocol
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All services over IP over DOCSIS over HFC
Why consolidate all traffic over IP over DOCSIS?
• A single logical network is simpler to maintain than multiple logical networks operating over a single physical network.
• Channel bonding in DOCSIS 3.0 supports much larger logical channel capacity:– M-CMTS approach should reduce cost-per-bit by leveraging the
cost curve of high-density E-QAM devices.
– The larger the bandwidth of the channel in comparison to that of an individual stream, the better the statistical multiplexingefficiency.
• A multi-service mix of video, voice and web traffic is the perfect mix. – During traffic peaks, best effort traffic can be discarded to
force re-transmit and TCP-IP window adjustment.
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Web traffic
• A significant increase in efficiency and reduction of complexity is possible by moving to a bigger pipe.
Multi-Service Statistical Multiplexing
Video traffic
Video traffic
Video traffic
Web traffic
Video traffic
38.8 Mbps
38.8 Mbps
38.8 Mbps
38.8 Mbps
155 Mbps
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Enhancing customer experience using IP Video
• Picture in picture viewing• Video mosaic EPGs• Multi-angle / multi-channel
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Network Evolution and Service Convergence
• Even if we only consider video services delivered to the TV, Headend Processing is getting more and more complicated because each new service (VOD, nPVR, SDV) adds a new subsystem, which is separately provisioned, managed, and operated.
• What if we could consolidate these subsystems into a single, integrated video services platform?
• What if we could use that same integrated video services platform to deliver to PCs and mobile devices in addition to TVs?
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Broadcast Video Delivery with Ad Insertion
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Addition of Video On Demand
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Addition of network Personal Video Recording
IRD Receiver
8VSBReceiver
Digital
Over air
GigE Router/ Switch
Optical Transport Network
GigE Router/ Switch
eQAM HFC Set top
Splicer
Ad Content Server
Ad Manager
Traffic and Billing
System
Encoder
Ad Content
Asset Mgt
System
VOD Server
VOD Back Office
MPEG2 Encoder
BroadcastContent
Cable Networks
Over the Air Broadcast
Control System
Term. DeviceFiber Mux
BroadcastContent
Analog ReceiverAnalog
Analog
Stream Processor
Real Time Ingest
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Addition of Switched Digital Video
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Everything-on-Demand Video Delivery
Content Providers
Advertising Operator Ad Sales
MPEG TSoverHFC
Content Processing Video Services
CDNNode
Dynamic Advertising
On-Demand
Content Ingestand
Management
RealTimeIngest
StaticContentIngest
Video ServicesBack Office
VideoServer
Advertiser/Ad
ClearingHouse
AdvertiserCampaign
Management
AdBilling
OperatorCampaign
Management
POIS SIS
CIS
VOD nPVR SDVBCast
ADM
IPoverHFC
Ad SalesAdBilling
Ad Operations
ETVAdMarkup OverlayTrans-
codingTrickFile
ADS
SubscriberMgt
(Billing)
CatalogMgmt
IPover
Wireless
Pricingand
PromotionsVideoServer
VideoServer
Live
CDNNode
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Agenda
Current state of DOCSIS
Market and business drivers for DOCSIS
Evolution of video delivery
What's to come
Summary
Confidential | www.tandbergtv.com
Summary
• IP Video over DOCSIS is the next logical step for video services delivery to the TV– Low-cost IPTV STBs and low-cost DOCSIS 3.0 modems
become available– M-CMTS drives reduction in cost per bit.
• MPEG-4 AVC is becoming the universal CODEC and has the flexibility to support 3 screen applications.
• A single, integrated video service platform can economically replace today’s disjoint video subsystems and brings:– Operational savings– Better service reliability– Additional service offerings– Increased Advertising revenues through targeting