Athar Hussain MutahariBS(Hons)
Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Govt.College University Faisalabad
Discovering Computers 2009
Chapter 8 Operating
Systems and Utility
Programs
System Software
What is system software?
p. 398 - 399
Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) (sometimes called the platform)
coordinates all activities coordinates all activities among computer among computer
hardware hardware resourcesresources
Programs that control Programs that control or maintain operation or maintain operation
of computerof computer
Two types are Two types are operating systemsoperating systems
and and utility programsutility programs
Operating Systems
What is an operating system:
a set of programs including instructions that coordinate all the activities among hardware resources.
p. 398 - 399 Fig. 8-1
Operating System Functions
Operating System functions.
p. 400 Fig. 8-2
starting a computer, providing a user interface, managing programs, memory, coordinating tasks, configuring devices, establishing an internet connection, monitoring performance, providing file management utilities.
Operating System Functions
What is booting?
p. 400 Fig. 8-2
___________ Turning on computer that has been powered off
___________ Restarting computer that is powered on
Process of starting or restarting a computer
Operating System Functions
BOOT DISK:
p. 402
Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot Also called recovery disk
Operating System Functions
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
p. 403 Fig. 8-5a and 8-5b
User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects Basic Interface Windows Aero Interface
Foreground contains program you are using
Background contains programs that are running but are not in use
Operating System Functions
What is single user/ multitasking?
p. 403 - 404 Fig. 8-6
Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time
Has duplicate components such as processors, memory,
and disk drives
Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously
Continues to operate when one of its components
fails
Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of operating systems?
p. 405
Can support two or more processors running programs
at same time
fault-tolerant computerfault-tolerant computer
multiusermultiuser
multiprocessingmultiprocessing
Operating System Functions
MEMORY MANAGEMENT:
p. 405 - 406 Fig. 8-8
Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?
p. 407
Transferring items Transferring items between storage between storage
and memoryand memory
Sending Sending information information
to output deviceto output device
Processing Processing instructionsinstructions
Receiving data Receiving data from input devicefrom input device
Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority
A job is an operation A job is an operation the processor managesthe processor manages
Operating System Functions
SPOOLING:
p. 407 Fig. 8-9
Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer
Print jobs line up in queue
Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?
p. 409 Fig. 8-11
Windows Vista includes Connect to a network wizard Guides user through setting up
connection between computer and Internet service provider
Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?
p. 409 Fig. 8-12
Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices
Operating System Functions
SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM
p. 410 Fig. 8-13
An OS that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network
Allows users to share resources on a network
Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user
Device-dependent
Runs only on specific type of computer
Types of Operating Systems
What are some characteristics of operating systems?
p. 415 - 416
Downward compatible
Works with application software written for
earlier version of operating system
Upward compatible
Runs on new versions of operating system
Proprietary software
Privately owned and limited to specific vendor
or computer model
Device-independent
Runs on many manufacturers’
computers
Stand-aloneStand-alone
Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?
p. 416
EmbeddedEmbedded NetworkNetwork
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
How do Windowsversions compare?
p. 417 Fig. 8-23
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows XP SP2 2004
Windows Vista 2006
Fast, reliable Windows operating system
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows XP?
p. 417 - 418 Fig. 8-24
Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition,Media Center Edition,and 64-bit Edition
Successor to Windows XP, containing a new interface and new / enhanced features
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows Vista?
p. 418 - 419 Fig. 8-25
Available in several editions, grouped into Home and Business categories
Windows Vista Features
Reliability and Performance
Security
Information Management
Appearance and Navigation
Communications and the Internet
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What are some features of Windows Vista?
p. 419
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Mac OS X?
p. 420 Fig. 8-28
Available only for computers manufactured by Apple
Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
UNIX OS:
p. 420 Fig. 8-29
Multitasking operating system Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power Most versions
offer GUI Available for
computers of allsizes
Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Linux?
p. 421 - 422 Fig. 8-30
Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system
Open-source software—code is available to public
Both a stand-alone and a network operating system
Network Operating Systems
An Os that is designed to
support a network.
p. 422 - 423
NetWareNetWare
Designed for client/server
networks
Windows Windows Server 2008Server 2008
Upgrade to Windows 2003 Server
UNIX / LinuxUNIX / Linux
Multi-purposeoperating system
SolarisSolaris Version of UNIX developed by Sun
Microsystems
Specifically for e-commerce applications
Embedded Operating Systems
What is an ________________________?
p. 423 Fig. 8-31
Found on most smart phones and small devices
WINDOWS EMBEDDED CE:is scaled-down version of Windows
embedded operating system
Embedded Operating Systems
What are three operating systems for PDAs?
p. 424 - 425 Figs. 8-32 - 8-34
Windows Mobile for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm Blackberry
Embedded Operating Systems
What is Embedded Linux?
p. 425
Scaled-down Linux operating systemdesigned for smart phones, PDAs,smart watches, set-top boxes,Internet telephones, and otherdevices
Offers many PIM functions
Embedded Operating Systems
SYMBIAN OS:
p. 425 Fig. 8-35
Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones
Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive text and picture messages, e-mail messages, faxes, and more