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Page 1: Introducing DNA

Introducing DNA

Page 2: Introducing DNA

Outline DNA nucleotide structure in terms of sugar, base, and phosphate

Page 3: Introducing DNA

Outline how DNA nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds

into a polymer

Page 4: Introducing DNA

Explain how a DNA double helix is formed using complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds

Page 5: Introducing DNA

Draw and label a simple diagram of the molecular structure of DNA

Page 6: Introducing DNA

• Explain DNA replication in terms of unwinding the double helix and separation of the strands by helicase, followed by formation of the new complementary strands by DNA polymerase

Page 7: Introducing DNA

DNA Replication

Page 8: Introducing DNA

• Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in the conservation of the base sequence of DNA

• State that DNA replication is semi-conservative

Page 10: Introducing DNA

Polypeptides and Genes• Polypeptides are long chains of amino acids• So then, what are proteins?

• Genes:• segments of DNA that store information that

determines the sequence of amino acids of a polypeptide

• The information in genes is decoded during the production of a polypeptide via Transcription and Translation

Page 11: Introducing DNA

DNA and RNA Differences between • Feature DNA RNA

• # of strands:

ds; double helix typically ss

• Type of Sugar:

deoxyribose ribose

• Types of bases:

A,T,G,C A,U,G,C

Page 12: Introducing DNA

Transcription – converting DNA into RNA: Compare the structure of RNA

and DNA

Page 13: Introducing DNA

Outline DNA transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand

by RNA polymerase

Page 14: Introducing DNA

Describe the genetic code in termso f codons composed of triplets of

bases

Page 15: Introducing DNA

Translation Basics• Carried out by:

• Ribosomes, mRNA, tRNA, the genetic code

Page 16: Introducing DNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Page 17: Introducing DNA

• Explain the process of translation, leading to polypeptide formation.

• Include the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), codons, anticodons, ribosomes, and amino acids

Page 18: Introducing DNA

Translation Step 1 - Initiation

• http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie.htm

Page 19: Introducing DNA
Page 20: Introducing DNA

Discuss the relationship of one gene one polypeptide


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