NAME the PARTS
ICP-MS
Place your answers below:
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ICP-MS (sample introduction section) Fill in the boxes for your answers
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Items 2-6
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Physical states
of analyte
Analyte transformations
ICP-MS (plasma torch)
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3
2
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4
Place your answers below:
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SEM (electron detectors)- fill in the boxes for your answers
Multiple choices (encircle the letter):
1) The analytical zone of the plasma usually has a temperature of:
a) 5000 – 6000 K
b) 600 – 7000 K
c) 7000 – 8000 K
d) none of the above
2) The ICP-MS sample introduction, what fraction of the sample reaches the
plasma for ionization?
a) 1-2%
b) 0.01-0.02
c) 10-20%
d) 0.1-0.2
3) In ICP-MS, the sampling cone has an orifice diameter of:
a)0.05-0.06 mm
b) 0.5-0.6 mm
c) 800 -1200 microns
d) 0.8-1.2 cm
ENUMERATION ICP-MS
1) Two main components of sample introduction system .
① _____________________
② ______________________
2) Two functions of spray chamber
① __________________________
② __________________________
3) Aside from ICP, there are other types of plasma sources, what are these? List full
words (not acronyms).
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
4) List the three criteria of a good ion focusing system.
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ____________________________________
5) The chances of undesirable species entering the mass spectrometer are reduced by:
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ____________________________________
THERMAL ANALYSIS
6) List the three main types of thermal analysis (no acronyms) and briefly describe
each (2 sentences maximum for each type).
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ____________________________________
7) Two input parameters needed during thermal analysis?
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
8) Enumerate 5 parameters that can be measured using DSC.
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ___________________________________
④ ___________________________________
⑤ ___________________________________
9) Enumerate 5 parameters that can be measured using TGA.
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ___________________________________
④ ___________________________________
⑤ ___________________________________
SEM 10) List the three main components of SEM and describe the functions of each (limit your
answers to two sentences for each component).
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ___________________________________
11) Enumerate 5 parameters that can be measured using SEM.
① ____________________________________
② ____________________________________
③ ____________________________________
④ ____________________________________
⑤ ____________________________________
True or false. Write T for true and F for false at the end of the sentence.
1) Plasma can generate both positive and negative ions.
2) Between the two Plasma sources, MIP is more prone to matrix effects than DIP.
3) Among the three plasma sources, DIP dominates both ICP and MIP.
4) Skimmer cone has smaller orifice diameter than sampling cone.
5) The impact of a secondary discharge at the interface region cannot be over-
estimated with respect to its effect on the kinetic energy of the ions being sampled.
The energy spread on the ions entering the mass spectrometer must be as high as
possible to ensure that they can be focused efficiently by the ion optics and mass
separation device.
6) The generation of positively charged ion beam is the first stage in the charge
separation process.
7) The compositional integrity of the ion beam after it exits the extraction lens is still
maintained if the heavier ions dominates the center of the beam followed by mid-
sized elements followed by lighter masses at the outermost region.
8) Cylindrical ion lens can produce lower background levels and long-term stability as
compared to multi-component lens system.
9) Analytical sensitivity is also improved when the resolution of the quadrupole is
increased.
10) Abundance sensitivities of quadrupole mass analyzers are generally worse for the
adjacent heavier mass than for the adjacent lower mass.
11) Poor abundance sensitivity of quadrupole can lead to lower detection limit of an
analyte interfered with doubly charge ions.
Concise answers 1) What is the main difference between ICP-EOS and ICP-MS? (1 line answer only!)
2) In ICP-MS, you became familiar with another state of matter. What is it?
3) Explain the mechanism of image formation in SEM (limit your answer to 4 sentences).
4) Differentiate the difference between the two DSC results shown below. Limit your
answers to 3 sentences.
(B) (A
)
5) Based on your understanding of TGA, interpret the TG curves shown below.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
FILL in the blanks
ICP-MS
1) The mechanism of liquid sample introduction into the analytical plasma can
considered as two separate ways: _____________ and ______________ (in order). The
sample is normally pumped using _________________ into the ________________, where
the liquid sample is broken up into a fine ____________.
2) The most common design of nebulizer in ICP-MS system is
____________________________.
3) ________________nebulizer design situates the argon gas at right angle with the tip of
a capillary tube while in ________________ nebulizer, the argon gas is along the same
line with the sample.
4) Double pass and Cyclonic type are typical designs of a ___________________.
5) Cyclonic type is operation via __________________ force where droplets are
discriminated to their size by means of a vortex.
6) An ICP plasma discharge is made of argon atoms,____________ and ___________.
7) For plasma generation and electromagnetic field is produced by______________
oscillation at the end of the torch.
8) Inside the plasma torch, there are various heating zones. Coming out from the sample
injector, the sample enters the ____________ zone and then continues to the
_____________zone before it finally becomes ionized in the _________________zone.
9) Both cones are usually made of ________________ but other materials have been used
such as _______________.
10) The undesirable secondary discharge causes several problems like increase in
doubly charged interfering ions, shorter lifetime of the cones, formation of ions
generated from the sampler cone, etc. This problem in instrumentation is usually
solved by______________________________________________.
11) When the ions emerge from the plasma, they will have different kinetic energies
based on their _____________________.
Thermal analysis
12) In thermal analyzer, temperature conditions can be controlled by ___________
depending on your analytical method while ____________ is a component of the
instrument which provides the necessary temperature environment needed.
MATCHING TYPE. Write the letter at left side of each number
1) Heart of the ICP-MS a)quadrupole
2) Achilles heel of ICP-MS b) ceramic
3) mass analyzer material c) mass analyzer
4) Most crucial part of ICP-MS d) time-of-flight
5) most common mass analyzer e) Sample introduction
system
6) resolving power f) stainless steel
7) abundance sensitivity g) molybdenum
8) similar to the photomultiplier tube used in
ICP-EOS.
h) electron gun
9) low ion count rates i) Width of a peak at 10%
height
10) most common detector in ICP-MS j) Channeltron
11) measure heat into or out of a sample k) Faraday cup
12 measures the heat of a sample relative to a
reference sample
l) electron multiplier
13) source of monochromatic electrons m) differential calorimeter
n) calorimeter
o) mass analyzer
performance criteria
ACRONYMS (BONUS):
1) ICP-MS –
2) SEM -
3) TGA –
4) DIP-