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Java SE and Embedded SE The road forward, 2011 edition

Greg Bollella Chief Architect, Embedded Java

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A Moment of Silence

•  To remember those who perished in the earthquake and tsunami and to honor those helping with the reactor and all other restoration activities

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The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

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A Word on Content

•  There is much more content in this presentation than we can talk about in an hour. Today I will highlight important points. Please obtain copies to reference after today. •  Feel free to contact me with any questions at any

time.

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Agenda

•  Java SE –  Past –  Present –  Future

•  Embedded Java (SE and OJEC) –  Background –  Tips –  Trends, Futures –  Resources –  Demo

•  Q&A

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Apples and Pears

JDK

javac

java

JRE

jdbc

I/O

JVM G1 -Xmx=4g

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Past

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Language

1.1

•  1997 •  JDBC

1.3

•  2000 •  Hotspot

5.0

•  2004 • Generics

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•  ?

1.0

•  1996

1.2

•  1998 •  Collections

1.4

•  2002 •  JCP

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•  2006 •  JVMTI

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Working In Java

http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html

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Work in Java

http://www.indeed.com/jobtrends?q=java%2Cc%23%2Cpython%2Cruby%2Cperl%2Cscala%2C+erlang%2C+groovy&l=

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2000

2009

2006

2002

JRockit products

•  Complete insight into application & JVM behavior

•  Zero performance overhead in production environments

•  No application modification or configuration required

JROCKIT MISSION CONTROL

•  High-performance real-time solution for standard Java

•  Industry leading Deterministic Garbage Collector

•  Millisecond response times with “five nines” guarantee

•  Improve application performance & latency with unique tooling

JROCKIT REAL TIME

•  Fly-weight Java container for virtualized environments

•  Improve datacenter efficiency - do more with less

•  Simpler and more powerful VM management

JROCKIT VIRTUAL EDITION

•  Server-side focus •  World-class performance

•  Powerful diagnostics

JROCKIT JVM

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Java SWOT – Sun days

Strengths • Most used programming language • Garbage collection • Community driven • Adaptive runtime • Install base • Strong community • High performance

Weaknesses • No new releases • Steward out of cash • No good Smart phone story

Opportunities • Multi Core • JVM interop • Cloud

Threats • Next big thing • Walled garden platforms • Not attractive to new developers • Uncertain future

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Present

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What occupies our days?

•  Dev –  Java 7 –  JDK 7 –  Convergence

•  “Misc” –  Reconnecting with community –  Java 8 –  Java 9+

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JDK 7 / Java 7

Plan B •  Sep 8 2010

Java 7 JSR approved •  Dec 7 2010

JDK 7 Feature Complete •  Dec 16 2010

GA •  Jul 28 2011

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2 teams enter, one team leave…

•  Hotspot

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2010 Eclipse Community survey

69,8 + 21.7% vs 4.6%

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•  Hotspot –  Market share

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•  Hotspot –  Market share –  Client and Server version –  Quality

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•  Hotspot –  Market share –  Client and Server version –  Quality

•  JRockit –  Value adds •  JRockit Mission Control •  JRockit Flight Recorder •  JRockit Virtual Edition

–  Optimized for the Oracle stack

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Convergence

1 + 1 = 3 ?

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Convergence

JRockit Hotspot HotRockit

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Official roadmap, from JavaOne 2010

•  JDK 7 – 2011 •  JDK 8 – 2012 •  Open JDK unchanged •  JVM Merge -> Open JDK •  JDK/JRE still free, same terms on license •  Premium –  (Such as: JFR, JRMC, JFB, Support)

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JDK 7 Features (Partial List) http://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk7/features/

•  JSR 292: Support for dynamically typed languages •  Strict class-file checking •  JSR 334: Small lang enhancements (Project Coin) •  Upgraded Class Loader Architecture •  Concurrency and collections updates •  Unicode 6.0 •  JSR 203: More new IO APIs •  NIO.2 •  Stream Control Transmission Protocol •  Sockets Direct Protocol •  Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC)

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JDK 8 Planning

•  JSR 294: Language and VM support for modular programming •  JSR 308: Annotation on Java Types •  JSR TBD: Language support for collections •  JSR TBD: Project Lambda (closures) •  Modularization (Project Jigsaw) •  Swing Application Framework •  Swing JDatePicker component

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Java SWOT – Oracle

Strengths • Most used programming language • Garbage collection • Community driven • Adaptive runtime • Write once… • Strong community • High performance

Weaknesses • No new releases • Steward out of cash • No good Smart phone story

Opportunities • Multi Core • JVM interop • Cloud

Threats • Next big thing • Walled garden platforms • Not attractive to new developers • Uncertain future • Bad name in community

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Future

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What’s Coming

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Switching Gears

•  Oracle Java Embedded Client –  CVM, CDC JRE

•  Embedded SE –  Hotspot, SE JRE

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Java Everywhere

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The Spectrum of Java

Servers Desktop Embedded TV Mobile Card

Java Language

Java SE Java ME Java Card

Java EE Java TV

BD-J

JavaFX MSA

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Switching Gears



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How to Choose

•  Oracle Java Embedded Client –  CVM, CDC JRE –  Best when •  Low static footprint •  Low use of dynamic memory •  Very portable across processor/OS combinations

•  Embedded SE –  Hotspot, SE JRE –  Best when: •  High throughput •  Full SE API set

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Introducing Oracle Java ME Embedded Client •  Industry leading, best-in-class CDC JVM

•  Version 1.0 to be released in Q2 CY2011 •  Connected Device Configuration 1.1.2 •  Foundation Profile (FndP) 1.1 •  Personal Basis Profile (PBP) 1.1 •  Optional packages: Web Services (JSR-172) ,

JDBC (JSR-169), RMI (JSR-66)

•  High performance and reliability with low memory footprint

•  Java SE subset •  Static (CDC 1.1.2 headless): 3.5MB •  Dynamic: Typical RAM 8MB and up

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Oracle Java ME Embedded Client Overview

•  Optimized for resource constrained devices •  Ported to multiple Processors / OS / Graphics •  Mass deployments in industrial and consumer devices •  Available in binary and source

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Oracle Java ME Embedded Client Release 1.0

Linux Arm v5/v6/7 Linux MIPS Linux PPC

Linux x86 Windows x86

Headless Stack Headful and SDK

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•  Target runtime binary •  ARM v5/v6/v7, MIPS, PowerPC Linux Headless •  Install Guide, User Guide, Release Note

•  SDK in Windows and Linux •  Starter kit - step by step guide to creating a new Java embedded system

•  White paper – link to “How To” guide • How to get Linux running on the BeagleBoard • How to install JEC, use the NetBeans plug-in, access the USB, connect to the network, log data, access sensors, install and use a web server, etc. • Sample code/app and how to build a simple app

•  Dev board – link to Beagle board vendor •  Tools – link to NB plug-in

Oracle Java ME Embedded Client What is included in 1.0?

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•  Fast startup time •  Romization •  Ahead of time Compiler (AOT) •  Multiple application support (mTask)

•  Low power handling, optimized battery power •  Fast dynamic compiler

•  Tunable and easily retargetable •  Native calling

•  Fast native calling with CNI •  CLDC/MIDP support with KNI •  JNI

Oracle Java ME Embedded Client Major Features (1)

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•  Portability •  JIT & OS Porting layer •  Service Provider API •  Easy porting and re-targetable to different OSs & CPUs •  Direct calls to HW for optimization •  Almost entirely in C •  Portable to compilers that don’t support 64-bit longs

•  Pluggable architecture •  Java compatibility

•  JVM and JLS compliant •  Proper subset of Java SE API

•  Industrial standards •  OSGi, BD-J, GEM/MHP, OCAP, Ginga-J

•  Portion of library code optimized for small devices


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•  “Hardened” system •  Resource Management, Memory Allocator •  Fail gracefully •  Well tested in low resource conditions

•  Ordered shutdown and re-startability •  ThreadControl •  Clean shutdown and re-start •  Re-Initialize correctly on VM re-start

•  JVMTI support •  Multi core support •  MIDP/MSA support •  Pluggable Graphics architecture •  Leverage OS capabilities (e.g. processes for mtask)


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•  Java API and language to SE 6 subset •  New languages features •  New API packages (Security, NIO, Logging, Annotations, GCF,

Unicode) •  Enhancements

•  X86 JIT added •  32 bit typeid support •  Improved Symmetric Multiprocessing support •  Multitasking support •  Memory management support •  Graphics acceleration support, OpenGL ES •  Runtime Romization for application startup time

Oracle Java ME Embedded Client Additional features under consideration

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Switching Gears



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Java: The Best Platform for Embedded Applications

Decouples software development from hardware development cycle

Development and testing can be done (mostly) using standard desktop systems

Highly productive language, APIs, runtime, and tools mean quick time to market

Create high-performance, portable, secure, robust, cross-platform applications easily

Java isolates your apps from language and platform variations (e.g. C/C++, kernel, libc differences)

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Most popular embedded processors supported allowing design flexibility Support for key embedded features (low footprint, power mgmt., low latency, etc)

Leverage huge Java developer ecosystem (expertise, existing code)

Easily create end-to-end solutions integrated with Java back-end services

Solutions from constrained devices to server-class systems

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SE for Embedded Product Overview Two groups of product offerings

•  For Desktops/Servers AND Embedded –  Standard Releases and Platforms: x86, x64, Sparc® (32 and 64 bit) Linux, Windows, Solaris – On the web, regular updates

•  For Embedded ONLY –  Additional platforms: ARM, PowerPC, XP-Embedded –  Additional features: Headless/Small Footprint, Memory Optimizations, Low Memory Handling, Power Savings –  On the web, transitioning to regular updates

•  Wide range of platforms supported (30+ ISA/OS sets) •  Development is free

–  Deployment requires commercial licensing

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Java SE for Embedded Example devices

•  ATMs •  Parking Meters •  POS Systems •  Lottery/Gaming

Systems •  Multi Function Printers •  Intelligent Power

Module •  Netbooks

•  Routers & Switches •  Storage Appliances •  Network Management

Systems •  Medical Imaging Systems •  Radar Systems •  Industrial PCs •  Factory Automation Systems •  Geo-Imaging Devices

•  Smart Meters •  RFID Readers •  Video Conferencing

Systems •  In-Flight Entertainment

Systems •  Video Streaming Systems •  Electronic Voting

Systems •  Voice Messaging

Systems •  Security Systems

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Java SE Embedded in Smart Metering

EnergyICT Java SE Embedded Based Smart Meter Concentrator

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Current Java SE Embedded Offerings SE 6u25 – latest release available on web Apr 21, 2011 NEW

Processor Operating System

Headless or Headful FPU Java SE

Version

ARMv5 Linux Headless SFLT 6u25

ARMv6/v7 Linux Headless & Headful (v7) VFP 6u25

PowerPC e600 core Linux Headless Classic HW

FP 6u25

PowerPC e500v2 core Linux Headless Embedded

FP 6u25

x86 Linux Headless X86 6u25

* All configurations dynamically detect and support single or multi-core processors

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Java SE for Embedded 6u21 Release (Nov 1, 2010) Started the sync of SE Embedded with SE

•  Major update for embedded platforms   Updated PowerPC and x86 releases from 5u10 to 6u21   Updated ARM releases from 6u10 to 6u21   Reduced SE/SE-Embedded release gap to 4 months

•  Expanded Multi-Core Support •  Added multi-core support for ARM and PowerPC

•  Additional Platform Support •  Added support for PowerPC e500v2

•  Improved Performance/Benchmarks •  SPECjvm98 improvements: ARM 10%; PPC 19%, x86 17% •  ~20% improvement in CaffeineMark on all SE-E 6u21 •  ~2x the performance of Android on common benchmarks

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Java SE for Embedded 6u25 Release (Apr 21, 2011) Completed the sync of SE Embedded with SE

•  Full SE 6 Alignment •  Sync'd most popular Java embedded platforms with

latest SE release •  ARM (v5, v6, v7), PowerPC (e600, e500v2) and X86 •  Shipped simultaneously as SE 6u25

•  Rich set of features and APIs of SE 6u25 and the hundreds of enhancements, security improvements and bug fixes now available to embedded

•  Multi-core support of Java SE such as parallel GC and background JIT compilation are available for growing use of multi-core in embedded

•  Allows developers to deploy on their embedded device the same Java SE version they develop with on their PC.

• 

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Embedded CaffeineMark Performance Improvements

+29%

+22%

+21%

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specJVM98 Performance Improvements

+19%

+17%

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2.17X

2.6X 1.53X

2.15X

Beagleboard Specs TI OMAP3530 CPU Cortex-A8 256MB RAM 600Mhz

* Chart is displaying relative performance differences only. Scores have been proportionately scaled to fit on chart.

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2.5X

3.2X 2X

* Chart is displaying relative performance differences only. Scores have been proportionately scaled to fit on chart.

Tegra-2 Specs ARM Cortex-A9 Dual-Core CPU 1GB RAM 1GHZ

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Outline

•  SE Embedded Background –  Java intro –  SE Embedded product overview

•  Tips for using SE Embedded –  Getting started –  Tuning Java SE –  Improving startup –  Garbage collector selection –  Reducing resource requirements

•  Trends, Futures •  Resources •  Q & A

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Getting Started •  Purchase Embedded Device

•  Many low cost ARM single and multi-core devices •  Single Core ARM Cortex-A8 devices

•  SheevaPlug ($99) http://www.plugcomputer.org •  BeagleBoard ($149) http://beagleboard.org

•  Multi-Core ARM Cortex-A9 devices •  PandaBoard ($174) http://pandaboard.org •  Nvidia Tegra 250 Developer Kit ($399) http://developer.nvidia.com/tegra/tegra-devkit-features

•  You’ll need USB Keyboard, Mouse and HDMI Video monitor •  Download / Install / Setup Linux Distribution

•  Some vendors provide pre-installed ready-to-go Linux distros. Special Computing does this for Beagleboard and Pandaboard http://specialcomp.com

•  Download and un-tar Java SE Embedded •  http://oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded

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Sample Embedded ARM Devices Beagleboard

http://beagleboard.org Plug computer

http://www.plugcomputer.org Pandaboard

http://pandaboard.org

Beagleboard Specs TI OMAP3530 CPU Cortex-A8 256MB RAM 600Mhz

Pandaboard Specs TI OMAP4430 CPU Dual Core Cortex-A9 1GB RAM 1Ghz

Plug Computer Specs Marvell ARMv5 CPU 512MB RAM 1.2ghz

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Java SE Embedded Platform Example GuruPlug

  Low Power ARM/Linux based device design by Maxwell   512 MB RAM, 512 MB Flash, USB & Gigabit Ethernet   Approx $100-120 for single devices   Flexible and Capable   Runs Java SE Arm v5/Linux headless   Low Power Java Web Server: http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/11/11/diy_zero_energy_home_server/

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Tuning your Embedded Java Solution •  Default configuration •  Improving Startup Time •  Taking Advantage of Multi-core processors •  Picking the Right Garbage Collector

Heap Size

Memory Consumption

Startup Time

Disk/Flash Consumption

JIT Strategy

Garbage Collection Policy

Throughput/Response Time

Clock Speed, Number of CPUs

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Java SE Embedded Design Focus

•  Assumptions leading to our default configuration of SE Embedded –  Most embedded devices are resource constrained –  Keeping per unit device cost low is high priority –  Use lower clocked processors

Option Java SE Embedded

Default State Performance Monitoring Off by Default Compression of JAR Files All Jar File Compressed All JRE Files Included Optional Files Removed Class Data Sharing Off by Default JIT Compiler Only –client JIT available

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Improving Startup Time

•  Class Data Sharing (If classloading is bottleneck) –  Enabling Class Data Sharing –  Customizing Class Data Sharing Archive –  Can improve Startup by 25%-30%

•  Uncompressing jar files (If disk space is available) –  Gain is dependent on disk access and CPU clock speed

•  Lower Compilation Threshold (If MP device) -XX:CompilationThreshold=xxxx (default is 1500)

•  Deferring Initialization or Class Loading in your application

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Enabling and Configuring Class Data Sharing

•  Enabling CDS with default classlist

java –Xshare:dump Once complete, CDS is automatically enabled •  Use java –Xshare:on OR –Xshare:off to compare

startup times. •  The default classlist is for GUI Swing Based Apps

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Customizing Class Data Sharing for Embedded Java Applications

1. Create a list of classes loaded at the startup of your application java –Xshare:off –XX:+TraceClassLoadingPreorder {your app}

>my_class_list *exit your app soon after startup 2. Extract only bootclass loaded classes. Outputs classlist.linux. java MakeClassList my_class_list >new_classlist 3. Add checksum to end of new_classlist java AddJsum new_classlist classlist 4. Copy classlist to {JRE}/lib directory 5. Create classes.jsa file java –Xshare:dump You now have a customized classes.jsa file!

Tools referenced on this page can be found in openjdk sources here: jdk/make/tools/src/build/tools

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Taking Advantage of Multi-Core Processors with Java

•  Built in VM Features that take advantage of SMP –  Parallel Garbage Collection –  Concurrent Garbage Collection –  Background JIT Compilation •  Lower Compilation Threshold

•  Parallelize your Java Application Code

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Which Garbage Collector Should I Use? Java SE Embedded Contains all of the standard collectors

For more details on GC tuning options see: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/gc-tuning-6-140523.html

Collector Option Pro Con MP

Serial -XX:+UseSerialGC (default)

Best Choice for single CPU

N

Concurrent -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSIncrementalMode

Better if response time is highest priority Shorter GC pauses

Uses processor resources while embedded app is running

Y

Parallel (Young) Parallel (Old)

-XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:+UseParallelOldGC

Better if throughput is highest priority. Uses multiple processors to speed up GC collection

GC must still pause embedded app during collections.

Y

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Reducing System Resource Requirements (Reducing Memory Consumption)

•  Customizing Heap Sizes -Xms -Xmx

•  Adjust Free Ratios -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=xx (control heap reduction, default 70) -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=xx (controls heap expansion, default 40)

•  Reducing JIT CodeBuffer -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=xxM

•  Standard Java SE tools can be used to identify potential memory savings –  Use jvisualvm with Linux x86 JDK

•  Heapdump option

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Outline

•  SE Embedded Background –  Java intro –  SE Embedded product overview

•  Tips for using SE Embedded –  Getting started –  Tuning Java SE –  Improving startup –  Garbage collector selection –  Reducing resource requirements

•  Trends, Futures •  Resources •  Q & A

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Embedded Microprocessor Trends

•  Embedded systems getting more powerful •  Multi-core is everywhere •  Intel pushing into embedded with Atom; ARM plans to go after server appliances •  Net: Great opportunity for Java SE Embedded

•  Cortex A5 Dual Core •  Cortex A9 Dual/Quad Core

•  250mw power 1ghz today • ARM Eagle Cortex A15 Coming

•  Quad 2.5 ghz! •  Nvidia Tegra 2 – 1ghz Dual A9 •  Marvell Quad-Core • TI OMAP4 Dual core Cortex-A9

Common Themes

•  PowerPC QorIQ Family •  P2020 Dual Core 1.2ghz •  P4080 Quad Core 1.5ghz

Embedded Communication Processors

•  Atom Dual Core Processors •  N550 1.5ghz 8.5w •  D525 1.8ghz 13w •  D510 1.66ghz 13w •  330 1.6ghz 8w

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SE Embedded Futures

•  Track SE releases closely •  SE 7 Highlights

•  Mid-2011 •  JSR 292 -InvokeDynamic •  Project Coin (small language changes)

•  SE 8 Highlights •  End-2012 •  Project Lambda – Closures •  Modularity

•  Performance, startup and size reduction always top priority •  Bundled solutions for specific markets e.g.

•  Berkeley DataBase

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Embedded SE, BDB, Mobile Sync Client/Server, 11g

Linux eSE BDB

Sync Client Temp App

Windows SE

11g

Sync Server

insert_record(temperature);!

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Resources

•  Oracle Embedded Java Products •  http://oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded

•  Java SE Home •  http://oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase

•  Java ME Home •  http://oracle.com/technetwork/java/javame

•  The Java Spotlight Podcast •  http://thejavaspotlight.org

•  Follow @Java on Twitter

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Questions?

For more information on Java SE for Embedded:

www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/embedded