NASA Technical Memorandum 108764
NASA STI PROGRAM
COORDINATING
Tenth Meeting
COUNCIL
April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval
The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
(Summary of Proceedings)(NASA-TM-I08764) COORDINATING N93-32403
COUNCIL. TENTH MEETING: INFORMATION
RETRIEVAL: THE ROLE OF CONTROLLED
VOCABULARIES (NASA) 63 p Unc|as
G3/82 0182065
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930023214 2018-09-07T20:53:39+00:00Z
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NASA Technical Memorandum 108764
NASA STI PROGRAM
Coordinating CouncilTenth Meeting
April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled
Vocabularies (Summary of Proceedings)
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Scientific and Technical
Information Progtaln
1993
This publication was prepared by the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,800 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum Heights, MD 21090-2934, (301) 62t-0390.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Attendees ................................................... i
Speakers and Panelists ............................................... ii
List of Coordinating Council Meetings ................................... iii
Document Preparation ............................................... iv
Introductions ...................................................... 1
Summary of Retrieval: Free Text,
Full Text, and Controlled
Vocabularies by Dr. Raya Fidel ......................................... 1
Summary of Thesaurus Standards
and Practicalities by
Dr. Bella Hass Weinberg .............................................. 4
Summary of Panel Discussion .......................................... 7
References ........................................................ 7
Viewgraphs
Viewgraphs 1-4 Accompanying Dr. Fiders Presentation
Viewgraphs 5-45 Accompanying Dr. Weinberg's Presentation
NASA STI PROGRAM
COORDINATING COUNCIL MEETING
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: THE ROLE OF
CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES
April 22, 1993
10:00 am - 4:30 pm
Crystal City Gateway 4
Conference Room
Attendees
NASA/Code JTT
Katie BajisBarbara Bauldock
Bonnie Carroll
Beth Duston
Jim Erwin
Janice Freeman
Jennifer Garland
Laurie Harrison
Linda Hill
Glenn Hoetker
Karen HollowayTom Lahr
Harry Needleman
Kriston Ostergaard
Roland Ridgeway
Lou Ann Scanlan
Ron SepicDebbie Stubberfield
Patt Sullivan
Ardeth Taber
Kay Voglewede
John Wilson
NASA/CASI
Carl Eberline
Ron Buchan
Bob Ferris
Wanda Colquitt
Joe GignacJim Schrocr
June Silvester
Roy Stiltner
NASA/AIAA/TIS
Torn Cheung
Barbara Lawrence
NASA/GSFC
Paul Baker
Jane Riddle
DoD/DTIC
John Dickert
Marcia Hanna
Gretchen Schlag
Annie Washington
David Williford
DOE/OSTI
Mona Raridon
Batelle
Mason Soule
MITRE
Elaine Lusher
Inderjeet Mani
NLM/MEDLINE
Peri Schuyler
OTHER
Elliott Linder
WelcomeJim Erwin
NASA STI Program
OverviewDr. Linda Hill
NASA STI Program
Retrieval: Free Text, Full Text, andControlled Vocabularies
Dr. Raya FidelAssociate Professor
Graduate School of Library and Information Science
University of Washington
Thesaurus Standards and PracticalitiesDr. Bella Hass Weinberg
Professor
Division of Library and Information Science
St. John's University
Panel Discussion of Federal ThesauriModerator: John Wilson, NASA STI Program
Ron Buchan, NASA/CASI
Gretchen Schlag, DoD/DTIC
Mona Raridon, DOE/OSTI
Peri Schuyler, MEDLINE
ii
NASA STI Program
Coordinating Council
The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Coordinating Council
consists of participants from NASA Headquarters, NASA Centers, and NASA contractors.
The Coordinating Council meets periodically to exchange information and pursue topics
of vital interest to the NASA STI Program.
Coordinating Council Meetings
First Meeting
Second Meeting
Third Meeting
Fourth Meeting
Fifth Meeting
Sixth Meeting
Seventh Meeting
Eighth Meeting
Ninth Meeting
Tenth Meeting
NASA RECON Database
International Acquisition
STI Strategic Plan
NACA Documents Database Project
Quality
Who Are Our Key Users?
Acquisitions
Using the Intemet
Total Quality Management
Information Retrieval: The Role of
Controlled Vocabularies
May 23, 1990
July 23, 1990
November 29, 1990
February 7, 1991
July 1, 1991
October 25, 1991
January 23, 1992
June 5, 1992
October 28, 1992
April 22, 1993
oil
Ul
Document Preparation
The following summary was prepared from the audio tape of the session by the staff at the
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) and reviewed by the speakers. The summary
is intended to give the substance of the presentations and does not attempt to report on either the
panel discussion or the comments from the audience.
iv
NASA STI Program Coordinating Council Meeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Introductions
Retrieval; Free Text,
Full Text, and
Controlled Vocabularies.
Dr. Raya Fidel
Terms and concepts
Jim Erwin established one of the goals of
today's conference as determining the ongoing role of
controlled vocabulary in information retrieval. He
anticipated that the meeting would help to clearlydelineate where we were in the area of information
retrieval and allow us to determine how we measure
up against the state of the art.
Dr. Hill noted that one of the purposes of the
conference was to establish a dialog among the
participants on the complex topic of controlled
vocabularies and their place as retrieval tools in a freetext environment.
To illustrate the difficulties that can result from
a lack of a controlled vocabulary, Dr. Fidel discussed a
search for the subject of exposures to substances or
conditions that are a risk to health by using the phrase
"exposure assessment methodology" (see viewgraphs 1
and 2). The aim of the search was to find information
about measurement techniques. The difficulty is that
each word in the phrase is so common that, if you ran
a search using the words only, you would get a great
many citations on a variety of subjects (see viewgraph
3). The ambiguity inherent in the individual words is
matched by the ambiguity of the phrase itself. In order
to insure broad recall of relevant records, the searcher
needs to generate a set of synonyms for each concept.
Synonyms include the words that people actually use
in practice when they talk about a particular concept.
Thus, an effective list of synonyms will include words
sharing the same meaning as well as associated terms
generated by the searcher out of her knowledge of
real-life linguistic behavior.
This example of searching for the subject
"exposure assessment methodology" illustrates the
differences between free text (or even full text)
NASA STI ProgramCoordinatingCouncil Meeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Need for controlled
vocabularies
Cost versus effectiveness
searching and the use of controlled vocabularies
(thesaurus terms). The searcher needed to find records
that were relevant to the topic. In a free text
environment without benefit of a controlled
vocabulary, all that she had to search with were
natural language terms from the documents or records.
She did not have the benefit of controlled vocabulary
where terminology for concepts had been standardized.
She could not search with concepts. So, she made up
the appropriate concepts for that particular search and
tried to generate terms that matched those concepts to
get at the information that she wanted. This
approximates what is done when indexing with a
controlled vocabulary. The indexer identifies concepts
based on a reading of the material and then chooses
the appropriate words (descriptors) from the controlled
vocabulary (the thesaurus) to represent those concepts
(see viewgraph 4).
Why should we create these controlled
vocabularies beforehand and use them in indexing?
One of the great values of controlled vocabularies is
that they make implicit concepts explicit through
hierarchical relationships between terms. These
relationships between broad terms and narrow terms
cannot be derived from an analysis of free text. They
must be intellectual constructs. We have terminological
control and content analysis through indexing. We
need a controlled vocabulary if we want to retrieve
concepts that can be represented in various ways, or
inferred, in free text.
Are controlled vocabularies cost-effective? Free
text advocates argue that they are not cost-effective.Some studies found that free text and controlled
vocabulary searching have the same results. Otherstudies have found that one or the other of the
NASA STI ProgramCoordinating Council Meeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Retrieval effectiveness:
Review of retrieval
studies
Recall capability
methods were more effective. Most of the studies
were flawed; the question has not been answered.
A renewed interest in retrieval techniques and
the differences among them resurfaced with the advent
of full text searching. There were conflicting results
from studies comparing full text searches with
controlled vocabulary searches. A study (Tenopir,
1985) using the Harvard Business Review Online
database, reported on a controlled experiment in which
31 requests were searched in four different formats:
only the text, only the fl0e, only the abstract, and only
the descriptors. Results indicated that full text searches
retrieved more than the other methods, yielding high
recall, but with low precision. The controlled
vocabulary performed better than free text if one didn't
look at the full text, but only at the rifles and abstracts.
The conclusion of the study was that a combination of
controlled vocabulary with a full text search technique
gives the best results, since the controlled vocabulary
compensates for the imprecision of the full text search.
In a study (McKinin et al., 1990), 100
questions generated by people that came into the
library asking for literature searches were searched
using two full text databases. Although the searches
resulted in high recall, it was found that using the
controlled vocabulary found some articles that were
missed by the full text searches. Why were they
missed? In 25% of the cases, it was because the
concepts were not explicit in the text. In 33% of the
cases, failure to capture a document was because the
searchers did not use enough synonyms. Thus, in 58%
of the cases, the failures could have been avoided by
the use of a controlled vocabulary.
NASA STI ProgramCoordinating Council Meeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
l
Precision and recall
When to use free text
and/or controlled
vocabularies
Conclusion
Thesaurus Standards
and Practicalities
Dr. Belia Hass Weinberg
An earlier study (Blair & Maron, 1985)
found that when you have a very large full text
database, you get very poor retrieval using free text
searching. In this study, using a 40,000 document
database and 360,000 pages of text, legal
paraprofessionals with search experience searched 51
questions. Results indicated high precision (79%), but
low recall (20%), a counter-intuitive result. Low recall
resulted, in part, from the drawbacks that are inherent
in full text searching without a controlled vocabulary:
the concepts that were being searched had different
terms attached to them. Accidents, for example, were
variously referred to as events, incidents, situations,
problems, difficulties, etc.
In the last study cited (Fidel, 1992), 47
searchers were observed as they performed their
searches. They were asked to think aloud, reflecting on
their reasons for making various decisions. Dr. Fidelalso interviewed each searcher. It was found that the
decision whether to use a free text search term or a
controlled vocabulary search term depended on the
specific situation. If the term was a common one, it
was best to use descriptors. If the term was well-
defined and recall was not important (the client simply
wanted to get some articles), then free text was used.
The overall conclusion drawn from a review of
these studies was that full text searching can by no
means replace the use of a controlled vocabulary. Theideal search environment is one in which a controlled
vocabulary complemented a free text search capability.
Dr. Weinberg analyzed the various structures of
thesauri and their display in print and online, early
making the point that there was not one standard or
4
NASA STI ProgramCoordinatingCouncil Meeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Analysis of four thesauri
Alphabetic sequence
correct structure for thesauri. Chosen for comparison
were four thesauri produced by government agencies
that participated in the following panel discussion: the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA), the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the
Department of Defense (DoD), and the Department of
Energy (DOE). The structures of the thesauri are
varied and complex, a situation that contributes to a
lack of utilization. Using viewgraphs to illustrate the
hierarchical arrangement of terms, the thesauri were
presented in order of increasing complexity ofstructure: the Defense Technical Information Center
Thesaurus (see viewgraphs 5-9), the Department of
Energy's International Energy Subject Thesaurus (see
viewgraphs 10-13), the NASA Thesaurus (see
viewgraphs 14-23), and the National Library of
Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MESH) (see
viewgraphs 24-31). Comparisons and contrasts were
made among such thesaurus features as the structure of
broader and narrower terms, the presence or absence
of related terms, and levels of hierarchy.
Specif'xcally, Dr. Weinberg analyzed in some
detail the following aspects of the four thesauri (see
viewgraph 32) : the primary alphabetic sequence, the
dictionary, the concordance of all words, and the
classified display. Again, the overriding point was how
confusing thesauri can be to users.
In the DOE thesaurus, the primary alphabetic
sequence is called Subject Thesaurus; in DTIC it is
called Posting Terms; in MESH, Annotated Alphabetic
List; and in the NASA Thesaurus, Hierarchical Listing.
Dictionary Dictionary functions are also variously
accomplished. In the DOE thesaurus, some definitions
are within the alphabetic sequence, with a tag. In
5
NASA STI ProgramCoordinatingCouncilMeeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Concordance
Classified display
Semantic relationships
Online thesaurus display
Conclusion
DTIC, there are some definitions, without a tag. MeSH
includes some lexical information within scope notes.
NASA carries the definitions in a separate volume.
DOE has no concordance. DTIC calls its
concordance Key Words Out of Context, and places it
in Section 3. MeSH calls it Permuted Medical Subject
Headings, while NASA calls it Access Vocabulary.
DOE has no classified display. DTIC has a
separate hierarchical listing. MeSH has a separate
hierarchical display, one that consists of tree structures
with no redundancy to the alphabetic display. NASA's
thesaurus does not have a separate printed panorama of
the classification of all its descriptors. However, it
provides complete broader- and narrower-term
relationships for each term within the alphabetical
sequence, called the Hierarchical Listing.
Next, Dr. Weinberg discussed thesaurus
notation for semantic relationships (see viewgraph 33).
In abstract terms there are three categories of semantic
relationships: equivalence, hierarchy, and association.
In her discussion of online thesaurus display,
Dr. Weinberg noted that, compared with print displays,
online displays in the major vendor systems are
poorer, offering less information to the user (see
viewgraphs 34-45). For example, scope notes are
truncated. The definition information is not yet
available in the major online systems. She found that
some people who are mounting thesauri at DIALOGdo not understand thesaurus codes. Used and Used For
are both truncated to U and used in both directions in
certain databases (see viewgraph 39).
In conclusion, Dr. Weinberg noted the great
variations in thesauri structures. She argued that
NASA STI ProgramCoordinatingCouncil Meeting, April 22, 1993
Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Panel discussion
References
greater uniformity would simplify consultation of
thesauri. (She is not, however, advocating uniformity
in vocabularies.) She also called for a common
command language for information retrieval that would
enhance end user employment of the controlled
vocabulary that we put so much effort into building.
In the lively panel discussion on developing
federal thesauri, a number of important issues were
covered: the uses of retrospective indexing, the
question of whether the addition of more postings to
controlled vocabularies constitutes an advantage or a
disadvantage to searchers, the impact of machine-aided
indexing, and efforts aimed at standardizing
terminology. What the panelists agreed upon was the
need for on-going consultations among the panel
participants on standardizing their respective
vocabularies whenever possible.
Blair, David C. & Maron, M. E. (1985). An evaluation
of retrieval effectiveness for a full-text document-
retrieval system. Communications of the ACM, 28(3):289-299.
Fidel, Raya (1992). Who needs controlled vocabulary?
Special Libraries, 83(1) : 1-9.
McKinin, Emma Jean et al. (1991). The Medline/Full-
Text Research Project. Journal of the American
Society for Information Science, 42(4) : 297-307.
Tenopir, Carol (1985). Full text database retrieval
performance. D.aliag...Rr,.gJg_, 9(2) : 149-164.
,#,,/ _
Exposure AssessmentMethodology
Exposure AND AssessmentAND Methodology
Raya Fidel
April 22, 1993
• A term has many meanings
• A term is ambiguous
• A term is vague
• A term occurs too frequentlyin the database's text
Raya Rdel
April 22, 1993
3
A term isa
common term
A term is mapped
to a descriptorA term cannot
be mapped to adescriptor
mlB l=p w ,=m. ,.m. _ _ ,,=_ ',== w 'mm D m 'm='A. Use descriptorsB. Use textwords
- ==:- .... . us,t.xtwo, ,toprobe indexing
E. Change database
The descriptor is < ;. Use descriptorsan exact match
/ G UsedescriptorsA term ismapped / The descriptoris /<_"_H"• Use textwords
• for an inclusive search
to a descriptor a partial match _ 7_
The descriptor is=,:.. J"Use textwords
-- s Use textwords in
a broader term _ combination with
A term is '_ descriptorsa single- K. Use descriptorsmeaning term 7_ "
A term cannot _ ML Use textwords• Use textwords tobe mappedtodescriptora probe indexing
",- " " "- N. Use textwords to•-.. introduce uncommon
"-,. types of search keys""- O. Try it anyway
P. Use textwordsDon't know _____________ • Use textwords to
probe indexingif mapped It. Enter as a descriptor a
term that might be adescriptor
4
Viewgraphs
Thesaurus Standards and Practicalities
Dr Bella Hass Weinberg
Viewgraphs 5 through 31 are pages from the DoD, DOE, NASA, and NLM thesauri.
Viewgraphs 32 and 33 are charts comparing the structures of the four thesauri.
Viewgraphs 32 through 45 are illustrations of DIALOG'S online thesaurus.
AD-A226 000
Defense Technical
Information Center
Thesaurus
September 1990
distributed by.
DefenseTechnicalInformationCenterDEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY
Cameron Station • Alexandria, Virginia 22304-6145
5
POSTING TERM ENTRY EXPLANATION
a. ARMY
b. (Scope note if necessary)
c. UF Army department
d. UFC Army medicine
e. BT *MILITARY FORCES (UNITED STATES)
f. NT FIELD ARMY
g. Army departmentuse ARMY
Army medicineuse ARMY
and MILITARY MEDICINE
a. Posting Term - A main entry appearing in boldface type which represents a significant class of
concepts used for indexing and relrieval.
b. Scope Note - Exists when necessary to further define or limit the meaning or usage of a posting term.
NOTE: A date immediately preceding a scope note denotes the year and month the term
was established as an authorized DTIC posting term.
c. Used For (UF) - The posting term at the main entry is to be used for any term following this notation.
Reciprocates with use reference.
d. Used For Combination (UFC) - The posting term at the main entry together with one or more other
posting terms are to be used for any term following this notation. Reciprocates with multiple usereference.
e. Broader Term (BT) - Posting terms following this notation represent a broader class which includes
the main entry posting term.NOTE: An (*) symbol in front of a BT indicates the existence of broader generic levels
of terms.
f. Narrower Term (NT) - Posting terms following this notation are within the class of concepts
represented by the main entry posting tenn.NOTE: An (*) symbol in front of a NT indicates the existence of narrower generic levels
of terms.
g. Use Reference - Refers the user to one or more preferred main entry posting terms. Always
reciprocates with UF and UFC references.
6
DTIC RETRIEVAL AND INDEXING TERMINOLOGY ERBIUM
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
BT ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
(81/09) - Predetermination of
the extent of pollution or
environmental degradation.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
BT MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
BT PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGISTS
BT PERSONNEL
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS
BT *TEST METHODS
NT COLD WEATHER TESTS
DESERT TESTS
LIQUID IMMERSION TESTSSALT SPRAY TESTS
SEA TESTING
TROPICAL TESTS
ENVIRONMENTSNT =AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS
CONFINED ENVIRONMENTS
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTS
INDUCED ENVIRONMENTS
LUNAR ENVIRONMENTS• OCEAN ENVIRONMENTS
ENZOOTIC
(83/05) - A disease affecting
animals in limited geographic
regions.BT DISEASES
ENZYME ANTAGONISTS
use ANTIMETABOLITES
=ENZYME CHEMISTRY
BT "BIOCHEMISTRY
ENZYME INHIBITORS
BT INHIBITORS
NT "CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
SERINE
ENZYME PRECURSORS
UF CHYMOSINOGEN
PEPSINOGENPLASMZNOGEN
PREENZYME5
PROENZYMES
PROFIBRINOLYSINPRDRENNIN
TRYPSINOGENNT "ENZYMES
PROTHROMBIN
_NZYNES
BT ENZYME PRECURSORS
NT ADENYL CYCLASE*COENZYMES
COLLAGENASE*DEHYDROGENASES
DEXTRANSUCRASE
GLUCANASES
*HYDROLASES
*ISOMERASES
*ISOZYMES
KETOACID LYASES
LUCIFERASE
"LYASES
MUCOLYTIC ENZYMES
NUCLEASE
"OXIDOREDUCTASES
PEPSINS
SACCHARIDASES
,TRANSFERASES
EOSINOPHILS
BT *LEUKOCYTES
EPHEMERIDES
UF EPHEMERIS
EPHEMERIS
use EPHEMERIDES
EPICENTERS
BT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
EPIDENIOLOGY
BT "MEDICINE
EPIDERMIS
(B3/05) - The superficial
portion of the skin, composed of
a horny layer (stratum corneum)
end a livlng,, celJular part in
layers named from outsideinward: The stratum lucidum
(when present), the stratum
granulosum, the stratum
eptnosum, and the stratum
germtnattvum. Skin ts Composedof dermis and epidermis.
BT *SKIN(ANATOMY)
EPILEPSY
BT "CONVULSIVE DISORDERS
EPINERASES
usa RACEMASES AND EPIMERASES
EPINEPHRINE
BT *CATECHOLAMZNES
NT NOREPINEPHRINE
NT GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES
EPOXY COMPOUNDSBT *OXYGEN HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
NT OXETANES
EPOXY LAMINATES
BT "LAMINATES
EPOXY RESINS
BT *THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
EQUALIZATION
EQUATIONS
UF SECULAR EQUATIONSBT MATHEMATICS
NT BOLTZMANN EQUATION
• DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
=EQUATIONS OF MOTION
EQUATIONS OF STATE
HUGONIOT EQUATIONS
• INTEGRAL EQUATIONSLANCHESTER EOUATIONS
LIOUVILLE EQUATION
MAXWELLS EOUATIONS
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS OF MOTION
UF MOTION EQUATIONS
BT "EQUATIONSNT NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS OF STATE
UF STATE EQUATIONS
BT "EQUATIONS
EQUATORIAL ORBITS
BT "ORBITS
EQUATORIAL REGIONS
BT "TROPICAL REGIONS
EQUILIBRATORSuse STABILIZATION SYSTEMS
EQUILIBRILq(GENERAL)
NT EQUILIBRIUM(PHYSIOLOGY)
EPITAXIAL ;ROWTH
BT "CRYSTAL GROWTH
EPITHELIUM
BT TISSUES(BIOLOGY)
EPIZOOTIC
(83/05) - Affecting manyantmals of one kind in one
region simultaneously; widely
diffused and rapidly spreading.BT DISEASES
EPOXIDATION
BT *OXIDATION
EPOXY COATINGSBT COATINGS
EPOXY CONPOSITES
EQUILIBRIUN(PHYSIOLOGY)
BT EQUILIBRIUM(GENERAL)
PHYSIOLOGY
EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
UF BORNA DIASEASEBT *GROUP A ARBOVIRUSE5
NT EASTERN EQUINE
ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUSVENEZUELAN EQUINE
ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
WESTERN EQUINE
ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
EQUINESUF BURROS
DONKEYS
BT *MAMMALS
NT HORSES
(81/09) - Composite materials or EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS
structures in whtch the binding BT *CIRCUITS
material is epoxy compound, re-Inforced wtth various kinds of ER/L_URE
ftbars, cast, 1eyed-up or molded
in various shapes. ERBIUN
BT *COMPOSITE MATERIALS BT "RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
• 7
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(3)I"UlUlOPR0P ENOXNES(3)_E'r ENGXES(3)11JImOSHAFT F.NGZNES(:I)VARZABLE CYCLE ENGXNES
( 1 )WUtXN[ [mXN[S( 2 )SUllIMINI[ I[mZNI[S
( 1 )I4JLTXFUEL ENGZNES( 1 )MJLTXPULSE EI_ZNES( 1 )PXSTON ENGINES
(2)_[CZP_¢ATZm [NQZNKS($)D][ESEL ID4GZN[. S(S)STUM ENSZN[S
( 1 )It0¢XLrT ENGXNES(2)ARC J[T B_ZNES(2)BOOSTER R0¢:KET EI_XNES
(3)RECOVEP3U_LE BOOSTER F.I_XNES(2)CONTROLI.J_LE _ Itl)CY,ET ENSXNES(2)[XJCTED R0¢KETS(2)_IIE CLUSTERS(2)F01ATTH STAGE ENGINES(2)HYBRXD It0CY_T ENGXNES(2)Z0N ENOIN[S(2)LXQUXn Ptt0PELL_rr tOCK[T [NSZN[S
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(2) SUSTAJ[NER ENGXNES(2)THZRO STAGE ENGXNES(2)THXX0TROPXC PROPELLANT R0_ET ENGXNI[S(2) THRUSTERS(2)VERNZER _ EI_XNES
( 1 )TN_ ENGXNES(1)_ [NGIN[S( 1 )VARXABLE CYCLE ENGZNES
ENGRAVXNE( t ) PHOTOENORAVXNg
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(2)SPACE ENVXRONMENTS(3)DEEP SPACE( 3 ) ZNTERP_ARY SPACE(3)XNTERSTELLAR SPACE( 3 )OUTER SPACE
( 1 )CONFXNED [IWZROM4ENTS(.1)ELECTROMAGNETXC ENVXN)NMEN_( 1 ) XI_MUC[D [NVXIt0Mf.NTS( 1 )LUNAR ENVXIt0NMENTS( 1 )OCEAN ENVXIt0_
( 2 ) BATHYAL ZONES( 2 )BENTHONXC ZONES
(3)ABYSSAL ZONES(3) LZTTORAL ZONES
(2)EtJm0TZC ZONES
ENZYME PRECURSORS( 1 ) EI_'nlES
(2)ADI[NYL CYCLASE(2)COI[NZYI_S
(S)CYTOOmONE 0XXDASE •(3)OLUTATHZ0NE
( 2 )CO_E(2)DEHYDROGENASES
(3)LACTZC DEHYDRgOID_SE( 3 )PHOSPHAT[ DEHY_E
(2) 0EXTPJ4NSUCRASE( 2 )_.UG4NASES(2)HYDROLASES
($)ANZD[ HYOROL.ASES(4)OLUTMIZNASE(4)PENXCXLLXNASE(4)UREASE
(3) ESTERASES(4)CARBOXYLXC ESTER HYOROLASES
(S)¢HOLX_[PJ_S[_ _(6) ACETYLCHOLZNESTEItASE
(4)Pf4)$PHORZC MONOESTER HYDROLASES -(S) PHOSPHATASES _: _ .... ....
(6)ACXD PHOSPHATASE(3)_LYCOSZDE HYDROLAS[S
(4)CELLULASE( 4 )GLYCOS ZDASES(4)m,m.kl_ = " _
(3)PENIrCXLLTN ACYLASE(3)PEPTI_D[ HYDi_OLASES, : ::: i
( 4 )CHYNOTRYPSXN( 4 )CLOSTR_XOPEPTX DAS[ A( 4 )PAPA; N ..... -(4) PI..ASMXN(4)RENXN
OP.IGtNAI.. pAGE ISpoor qUA tT
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ENVELOPEENVELOPE (SPACE _ _FLZmfr ENVEIJ_E
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ENVLItOmENTAL_ENVZltOI41ENTAL .ENGINEERZN;ENVZRmMENTAL ZNPACTENVZlISIMDITAL ZlPACT
STATENENTSENVZltOI4mITALENVIIINmENTAL PROTECTIONENVIIIIOI41B_AL PSYCHOLOGISTS •ENVZROlelENTAL TESTS
ENVZltOMIENTSAEROSPACE ENVIRONNENTSCONFZNED mVZRmMENTSELECTlltONAGNETIC ENVZ ROI41ENTS[NvzRom_rrsZNDUCED ENVXROMIENTSLUNAR ENVZROMIENTSOCEAN [IWI_SPACE ENVIROMIENTS
ENZOOTXCENZOOTZC
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EqlJIPNENTPNEUNATZC EqUIIqlENTPORTABLE EQUZMIENTPOtfl[R E¢IUZ PNENTPRZNTZN8 EQUI_PROCESSZNG EqUZPNENTPROTECTIVE EqUZPNENTRADAR EQUZmENTRADZO EGUIPtiENTRENTAL EqUXPmmTRESCUE EqUXPtI[NTRESERVE EGUZ PIIENTREUSABLE EQUZPNENTROAD BUILDZNG E_JIPtiENTRUGGEDZZED EqUZPNENTItUSSZAN EqUZPNENTSAFETY EQUZ_SEA RESOJE EmJZmENTSENZPORTABLE Ei_JZ PllENTSHZP NJXILZARY EQUIPNI[NTSONAR EqUZ MIENTSTAI_BY EQUZFMENI'SUBNARZNE EQUZPNENTSUBNZNIATURE ELECTRZCAL
EqUZPNENT
9 AGE
9/,,u/4_;7D
ETDE/PUB-2
(DE90008750)
INTERNATIONALENERGYSubjectThesaurus
1990
°:
! ENERGYTECHNOLOGY
E DATA 10A EXCHANGE
Descriptor
Broader TermNarrower Term
Related Term lb..--Y
USED FORindicating multipleUSE references
Forbidden Termwith multipleUSE references
Definition
See NT1 descriptorfor narrower terms
y
r
y
DISTRICT HEATING [01] _DA January 1975BTI HeatingNTI Geothermal District HeatingRT Central Heating PlantsRT Co-GenerationRT DEUSRT Dual-Purpose Power PlantsRT Geothermal Heating SystemsRT Heat Distribution SystemsRT Ho{ WaterRT Thermal Transmission ICES
DISTRIBUTION [01](For energy distribution use -_
ENERGY SPECTRA.)UF+ Inclusive Distribution
NT1 Angular DistributionNT1 Spatial DistributionNT1 Tissue DistributionRT Allocations
RT AsymmetryRT Boltzmann StatisticsRT Gauss FunctionRT Gaussian Processes
RT IsotropyRT Particle Kinematics
RT Symmetry
,m=.._ Inclusive DistributionUSE DistributionAND Inclusive Interactions
!1,,.._
r
HELLOSDARTRTDEF
FACILITY
July 1979Carbon Dioxide LasersLaser Fusion ReactorsA 10 kJ. 8-beam. CO: laser facilityat Los Alamos for laser fusion
experiments
ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS[01]*NT1*NT1*NT1*NT1*NTI*NTI*NT1*NTI*.NTI,Nrrl*NT1*NTI*NTI*NTI*NT!
Actinium CompoundsAmericium CompoundsBerkelium .CompoundsCalifornium CompoundsCurium CompoundsEinsteinium CompoundsFermium CompoundsLawrencium CompoundsMendelevium CompoundsNeptunium CompoundsNobelium CompoundsPlutonium CompoundsProtactinium CompoundsThorium CompoundsUranium Compound_
indicates validINIS descriptor
Date enteredinto thesaurus
Scope Note
(Note italics)
11
A- 1 Reactor (Bohunice)DA December 1, 1974USE Bohunice A-1 Reactor
A-1 Reactor (CakYar Ha//)DA December 1, 1974USE Calder Hall A-1 Reactor
A-2 Reactor (Bohunice)DA December 1, 1974USE Bohunico A-2 Reactor
A-2 Reactor (Calder HaloDA December 1, 1974USE Calder Hall A-2 Reactor
--+AO-gSO MESONS [01](Prior to January 1988 this concept
was w_dexed by Delta-986Resonances.)
DA January25, 1988UF De_a-966 ResonancesBTi Scalar MesonsBT2 Mesons
91"3 BosonsBT3 Hadrons
BT4 Elementary Pandas
At- 1070 Resonances(Prior to January 1988 this was a valid
DA_o ")tuber1, 1974USE A1-1270 Mesons
--+A1-1270 MESONS [01](Prior to January 1988 this concept
was indexed by A1-1070RESONANCES.)
DA January 29, 1988UF A1-1070 ResonancesBT1 Axial Vector MesonsBT2 Mesons
BT3 SosonsBT3 HadronsBT4 Elementary Particles
A- 15 CompoundsDA May 2, 1979USE Beta-W Lattices
A2-1310 Resonances(Prior to January 1988 this was s yard
Descriptor.)DA December 1, 1974USE A2-1320 Mesons
--_A2.1320 MESONS [01](Prior to January 1988 this concept
was indexed by A2-1310RESONANCES,)
DA January 29, 1988UF A2-1810 ResonancesBT1 Tensor MesonsB'r2 Mesom
B'r3 BoronsBTS HadromBT4 Elementan] Particles
AM-1-1320 Resonances(Prior to March i998 this was a varM
USE Mesons
A2L-1280 Resonances(Prior to March 1988 this was a valid
Subject Thesaurus
DA December 1, 1974USE Mesons
---_A3-2050 MESONS [01]DA February 1, 1988BT1 Tensor Mesons
BT2 MesonsB'r3 BosonsBT3 HadronsBT4 Elementary Particles
,4,3 ResonancesDA December 1, 1974USE Pi2-1680 Mesons
A_l-1960 Resonances(Prior to February 1988 this was a
valid descnRtor.)DA March_. 197SUSE A4-2040 Mesons
---*A4.2040 MESONS [01](Prior to February 1988 this concept
was indexed by A4.1960RESONANCES.)
DA February 1, 1988UF A4-1960 ResonancesBT1 Tensor MesonsBT2 Mesons
ST3 BosonsBT3 HadronsBT4 Elementary Pa_cles
--*A6-2450 MESONS [01]DA February 1, 1988BT1 Tensor Mesons
BT2 MesonsB1"3 BosonsBT3 Hadrons
BT4 Elementary Psrfides
A 285 StealDA December 20, 1978USE Stea_ASTM-A285
A-BOMB SURVIVORS [Ol]DA December 1, 1974BT1 Human Populations
BT2 Populations _RT Delayed Radiation rr.Jtec_RT " "
fir "Rr
A CENTERS [01]DA February 6, 1975B'T1 Color Centers
BT2 VacanciesBT3 Point Defects
BT4
A CODES [01]DA December 1, 1974BT1 _er Codes "-
A Resonances(Prior to March 1988 this was a
de=riptor. For A3 resonances usePI2-1680 MESONS.)
DA I:)_<_HN_r 1, 1974USE Mesons
CYCLO ON[01]DA December 1, 1974UF Turku Cy_
12
BTI Isochronous CyclotronsBT2 Cyclotrons
BT3 Cyclic A¢caleratorsBT4 Accelerators
J_u_c [01](Australian Atomic Energy
Commission. abolished on 27 April1987 and replaced by ANSTO.)
DA Apnl 28, 1978UF Australian Atomic Ene_/y
CommissionBT1 Australian OrganizationsBT2 National Organizations
RT ANSTO
,4AFDA September 23, 1985USE Acetylaminofluorenes
AAPSDA May 2, 1979UF Advanced Automotive
Propulsion SystemsRT Automo_va IndustryRT Electric-Powered VehiclesRT Gas Turbine EnginesRT Internal Cornbusbon EnginesRT _ E,_r_
AARR REACTOR [01]DA December 1, 1974UF A_jonne Tank Res_mh and
Tesl Reactor-AARRBT1 Research ReactorsBT2 Research and Test Reactors
BT3 ReactorsBT1 Tank Type ReactorsBT2 Reactors
ST1 Water Cooled ReactorsBT2 Reactors
BT1 Water Moderated ReactorsBT2 Reactors
ABANDONED SHAFTSDA December 22, 1977UF D_used Minesha_BT1 Mine ShaftsBT2 Shatt Excavation=
RT _ Mines/97" Mines
ABANDONED srrEs lel]DA October 23, 1978RT Land Reclamation
ABANDONED WELLSDABT1 W_esust24, 1977RT Na_u_ Ga= WdsRT Oil WeB=DEF An ol or gas well d:_andoned
becau_ _ yield ha= fallen ;
Abad_an-Booch-C, mwo E._ctDA Novamb_ 9, 11177USE ABC Elf_t
ABC EFFECT Ea_]DA November 10, 1977UF Abashdm.B_ EffectRT tmerec_onsRT _ming.Ma._ _cemaRT P'm_
RT CE EntrainedFuel Process
RT Iml_ngommSoMmmExtraorion
Enmmmert ,Separato_DA Maxch8, lg77USE kfu Extractors
DAI_OPYIDece__] 1, 1974
BT1 Thom_m_BT2 physCaiProper_es
ENTRY CONTROL SYSTEMS [01]DA July8, 1982UF Acce_ Den_ SysmmsBT1 C.,ommlSyslems
RTRT_1 _DEF Sy=tom=for ¢omrolrmg=¢¢e_
Io 9emmd and crlti_ areas ofa nucMartacilky.
/'/OUNSDA Juno 13, 1981USE Doub_ Em'okgo Build_gs
ENWRONMENT(_] .DA December 1, 1974
RT Clean A_.ActRT COrltaminl_JonRT _/Umcsph4_sRT Ea__
E,NVIRONMI:.N IAL. IcN_lrlr._n.,1_
i:)[01]Dec, mb,r I. 1974
fir
PollmionControlEquipment
ENVIRONMEN'r,Iu. EXPOSURE
OA S_p_21, 1984RT
ionizingRadiationsRT LandPolul_nRT ManRT
_ntal F_._Fx_umCtBn'C_'sDA October 20, 1977
USE F.RxmumChambem
ENVIRONMENTALEXPOSUREPATHWAY[01]
DA October1, 1975RT B_o_uus_nR'r B_ogP._Av=_jRT Biok_ica_Mad_
frRr _
ENVIRONMENTALIM_CT
DA J,unua,.y 3O, 1975BT1 Document TypesRTRT ErMn_n_ Bl_cts/:IT Er_rom_nt¢ ImpactsRT Nmkx_ ErwimnmenUdPolicy
ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS [017(1"h_d,s¢_- isto be um¢lto
d*ecrb, th, Ix_a_ ,fk_ts on xh,,nvironm,ntfrom a proposed
_4"rl Wa_er Po_cyRT" Clean AirActRT E-conon_RT Envronmsnt
RT Env_onmon_ QualityRT Naborml Envitonn_ntal Poicy
Ac_
RT PLanningRT Sw_erfund
Enwmmnen_ Prmocbon,4germyDA DecemberI, 1974USE US EPA
ENVIRONMENTALOUALITYDA ....Rpptem.ber6, 1979N'rl
RT _ Po_L--y
Enwemrm'_# Temp_atumDA March22, 1976USE AmbientTempermum
I_IYlRONMENTAL _ [O17DA November1, 1976
s_SF T_'D_'wo_r_a/)BT1 Mass Transfer
RT Air-BiesphwoIm_mcSomRT Ak-WI_" IntemclkmsRT Catoon_
/_ t:_lingEook_cal Con_o_RT _tRT Lpch_esRT Fta_oeook_cal Cor_ma_RT ,S_nksFTT Tmndmntier Conlaminll_0,n
DA March22, 1975RT _n_ E.qx_ure RT Environment,97" Enviroamer_ BI_==. B'rl t-_drotymFrT __ e'r'z L_ .
Envin:mmen¢ll Transpoct RT Nuci_r WirierRT SEEDI$
RT ironmonudPd_'y _ _y forunspecified
PoIMion mecir¢ ,Mo_m_ mmoriab.)RT P revonl_on of Significant DA _ 23, 1978 RT Peliculatil
UF Ma_ki_ (_ RT l"Mrmoe=_-x_y=es_domtion BI"I _ RT 7hk_m__m" Pr.v.m_0. M.dr.b_Radmkm _ _ Air
RT Ores.RT Th.rmaJ C,¢_t RT Rod_R7" Wld,_m _ _. ,qT
/=it"&wimrvnem_ Conc_mrm_o_ Frr Wa_rDA June 14, 1984USE Eook_l Conoon_n
EN_RONMENTAL EFFECT_
effectson _'_environmentare discumed.)
/=Ft" En_rom_mudRT Land Pdu6or,RT ThermalPc_u_nRT Wmer Poludon
ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSLABORATORY
DA A_mt 8, 1978
RT Ch_niad l:k_¢tionICxmk_
RT
mE mUU.O_AY [01]
DA ,_y_20, 1984
USE N_tumRese_e. ENZYME INDUClrlON O_DA November19, 1985
ENVIRONMENTJU.POLICY [01] B?_.I Biowrm'_mis-GPneRegulalio_DA Febrmry 14, 1978
13 =
JT_t/j33oY NASA SP-7064(Vol.1)
NASATHESAURUS
VOLUME 1HIERARCHICAL LISTING
1988 EDITION
National Aeronauticsand Space Administration
Sclentifl© and TechnicalInformation Division
1988
)4
L__.
TYPICAL HIERARCHIL;/_L L.Io __,_ =,, ....
POSTABLETERM_SN
SCOPE NOTE _ UF
USED FOR TERM_ GS
GENERIC STRUCTURE
RELATED TERMS , _ RT
FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION(200 TO 2000 ANGSTROMS)VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION• ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• . FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• .. LYMAN ALPHA RADIATION• ,. LYMAN BETA RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION• ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• • FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• " LYMAN ALPHA RADIATION..- LYMAN BETA RADIATION
" BREMSSTRAHLUNGMAGELLAN ULTRAVIOLET ASTRONOMY
SATELLITENEAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
=RADIATIONULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPESX RAYS
TYPICAL USE CROSS REFERENCE ENTRY
NONPOSTABLE TERM
POSTABLE TERM
P VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATiC)N_._-- USE FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
i
ARRAY TERM
SCOPE NOTE
RELATED TERM
TYPICAL ARRAY TERM ENTRY
= CLUSTERSSN
D RT
(USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS___EC_OM_MM_ENQED-CONSULT THE TERMSL_ISTE_D==BELOW) _=_c£u_i_s - •GALACTIC CLUSTERSGLOBULAR CLUSTERSPLEIADES CLUSTERPRAESEPE STAR CLUSTERSSTAR CLUSTERSVIRGO GALACTIC CLUSTER
]6
ENnVCOF_nM0 ATOUlC pOWCq-(CONT.)• NUCLF_ _OWER _UU_TS•. ENR¢O FERUl ATOmC POWER
PLANTNUCLEAR ELECTRICPOWER
GENERATION. NUCLEARPOWER PLANTS• . ENRICO FERMI ATOMIC POWER
pUUCrRT BREEDERREACTORS
FAST NUCLEARREACTORSLIQUID METAL COOLEDREACTORS
==POWERPLANTS
ENSKOG-CHAPMANTHEORYUSE. CHAPMANrENSKOGTHEC_IY
ENSTATITE " _ , ,G5 CHALGOGENIDES
• OXIDES•. PYROXIENES• .. ENSl"ATrtIEMAGNESIUMCOMPOUNDS• ENs'rAllrTEMINERN.S• PYROXENES• . ENSlrATITESILICON COMPOUN05• SILICATES•. PYROXENE5•.. Em=-"TAlrlTE
RT CHONDRULEIGNEOUS ROCKSREGOUTHROCKSSO_LS
USE VORTIOTY
F.mlERPmSE (O_llm-rJ_UF SPACE SHUTTLEORBITER t01GS M/V_ED SPACECRAFT
• SPACE Sh'UTTLEORBITERS•. ENTERPRISE(ORBrrER)REENTRY VEHICLES• RECOVERABLESPACECRAFT•. REUSABLESPACECRAFT• . . SPACE SHUTTLEORBITERS.... EN'f'ERI_ (O_Bn'ER)
RT MANNED SPACEFLIGHT. SPACIECRk='r
ENlrtUuJIYUF HEAT CONTENTGS HEAT
. F.NI"NN.PY•, GIBBS FREE ENERGY•, HEATOF DISSOCIATION•. HEAT OF FORMAllON.. HEAT OF SOLLrnoN.. LATENT HEAT. . . HEAT OF _•,. HEAT OF VAPORIZATIONTTtEFI_YI_U, WC PR(:XoEPTrIES. F.NtttALPt.. Gii_S FREE ENERGY•. HEAT OF BSSOOA11ON•. HEAT OF FORMAllON•. PEAT OF IOLUnON•. LATENT HEAT• .. HEATOF FUSR)N•.. NEAT OF VAPOR_.ATION
FIT /OABAllC CON0ftlEX_DRYING
a ENERGY
FREE ENERGYGleBS-HELMItOLI"ZEQuAllONSHEAT MEASUREMENTJOUI.E.1HOMS(_ EFFECTMOUJER BAGRAMSPECIFIC HEAT111ERMOOtEIaSIRY
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245
_ 9 ,'v /_32 98
NASA SP-7064
(Vol. 2)
NASATHESAURUS
VOLUME 2ACCESS VOCABULARY
1988 EDITION
National Aeronauticsand Space Administration
Scientific and TechnicalInformation Division
1988
18
ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS
Envk.onmen! E_edm_d. F.Jecuomag¢_lcUSE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT
EXPERIMENT
EmdllXlmem Intenctkml. MIllUSE MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
En_*_re_m, Lul_rUSE LUNAR ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRO4q_E.NT MANA_MIENT
EmdrWwm_USE MARS ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT MODELS
ENVaRONMENT P_)t.LUllON
ENVmONMEm" PROTECllON
ENYIRONMEIrr 9;MULAllON
USE SPAC_ ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION
ENVilROtEIENT _MtN.AI"0#B
Emtmmw_ _USE AERO6PACE ENVIRONMENTS
F.n_-m_tld Oklc_lerlUSE TEST CHAMBERS
_AL CtCEMISTRY
_AL C01¢mo¢
Im'nROmENTAL _ING
EN_nRONMENTAL INOEX
ENVlRO_IMENTAL I.ABORATORIES
USE SPACECRAFT LUBRk_.ATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITOR_
FJC/m0NMEKrJu. Cm_JlrY
ENVIRONMENTAL _ IBWELLrrlm
U_E NOESS
ENVIRONMENTAL IURVEryS
Temperam_USE AMBIENT 1T_MRERATURE
_AL TESTS
U(_0MMEN_
r,mt, m,,m_ _USE AERO6PA_E EN,vlRONMEN'I'F
Emtr_mlm_ k_¢USE _E ENV_,_E]CrS
_ la_ 0dd_USE EARTH oRBrrAL _
lm_mm_L Exmmmm_USE EXIl_TERRE_
Em_mmm, Rtcl_lmsUSE ERICTIONLESS
lmVmalm_ _U_E ENCrH ORBI"AL _
lmt_nm_ _ larlh Od_lUSE ENT/H OREn'AL ENVIRONMENTS
Emtmv,,m_ NII_ MII,_USE HIGH ALTITUDE _
USE HiGH GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS
F._m_,mts, H_h Te_=eratur_USE HiGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS
Em,trommmt_ k:eUSE K:E ENVIRONMENTS
E_w/rmlments, LEOUSE EARTH ORBITAL ENVIRONMENTS
E_ta, Low _USE EARTH ORE)TAL ENVIRONMENTS
Envklmment_ Low Tlmp_lm_USE LOW TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS
_, MadmUSE MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
USE _L=TARY E_,MR_ENTS
USE ROTATING ENV;RONMENT$
F.mmlXlmw_ Ik_:_ranUSE SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS
USE THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS
EIQ'YME Ac'nvITY
ENZYMES
F.mym_ C_USE COENZYMES
EOCRUSE I_.XPERtMENTAL ORGAN_ COOLED
REACTORS
EOOOUSE EGO
EOLE SAllELUll_
EOPAPUSE EARTH & OCEAN R_YS_CS /U_t.C_TIONS
P_OGRN_
EARTH ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS
USE _T SATELLITES
CEOS_. Ea,m cXl,.vv_ Sv_mUSE EARTH OgSERV1NG SYSTEM (B_)
F.O_AUSE LN_OSAT E
EO_BUSE LANOSAT F
EOemOImlLS
ERE-&USE EXPLORER t2 SATELLITE
PE4USE _ 14 SATF.UJT_
ERE-¢USE EXPLORER 15 SATELUTE
EI_-OUSE EXPLORER _ SATELUI_
EImEMERIOrdl
USE _ ER4EMB_DES
Equation, Dlophantine
EPICARDIUM
EPICYCLOIDS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDERMIS
EPILEPSY
EPINEPHRINE
EPITAXY
F.prm_. GraphoUSE GRAPHOEPITAXY
r_t,_, L_ PtmeUSE LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY
USE MOLECULAR BEAM EPfl'AXY
VAPOR _ EI_TAXY
EI_LUSE EFPEcr_ PERCEN_D NO_E LEVELS
USE TIME MEASUREMENT
EPOxlOA'fl0_
USE EPOXY COMPOUNC_
BORON-EPOXY
E__USE GP._UI_E -EPOXY COMPOSITES
EPOXY
EPOXY MATRIX
EPOXY
USE PHENOUC EPOXY RESaNS
r_u_u_ _Rcurm
_ ImlldlUSE BERNOUW THEOREM
USE BETHE-S/U.PETER EOUATION
MueUm_ mN_JetJ_E BLASIUS EOUA'nON
_ k_me,mn "rrm_lUSE EIO_TZMN4N _T EQU_I'K_
Eclultlo_ Rolmmmn-VlmavUSE BOI._VLASOV EQUATION
USE BORN APPROXIMATION
F.queU_Ik_lou_Wt_n_USE BR_J.OUIN-WIGNER EQUAI10N
E_tu_n.kqWUSE _ EQUATION
_ Chm_WNkh_CHANORASEKHAR EQUA_
E_
US_ CONllN_TY EQUATION
USE DK)PHNCm_ EOUA'nON
113
19 pl_Gf- _5
TYPICAL ACCESS VOCABULARY ENTRIES
Nonpostabte term _n natural language order.Postabte term reference.
Pseudoterms (permutations) derived from non-postable multiword term. Postable term ref-erence follows USE.
Air Density Explorer AUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE
A, Air Density ExplorerUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE
Density Explorer A, AirUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE
Explorer A, Air DensityUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE
Embedded term.
Pseudoterms (permutations) derived from em-bedded term.
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Chemistry, BiogeoUSE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Geochemistry, BioUSE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Postable multiword term.
Pseudoterms derived from multiword term.
APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT
Project, Apollo Soyuz TestUSE APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT
Soyuz Test Project, ApolloUSE APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT
Test Project, Apollo SoyuzUSE APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT
3_ ....
Typical OTHER WORD entry (abbreviation)
with postab!e term_reference.
Typical OTHER WORD entry (chemical sym-
bol) with postable term reference.
MA
USE
Zrt
USE
!
MASSACHUSETTS
ZINC
- i
2O 1I
j_//.3 5 a /NASA SP-7064
(Vol. 3)
NASATHESAURUS
VOLUME 3DEFINITIONS
1988 EDITION
21
N/L.RANational Aeronautics
and Space Administration
Scientific and TechnlcalInformatlon Divlslon
1988
INTRODUCTION
Definitions are given for most terms added to the NASA Thesaurus since 1976 as well as for manyearlier terms. Definitions of more common or general scientific terms are given a NASA slant if oneexists. Certain terms are not defined as a matter of policy: common place names, chemical ele-
ments, specific models of computers, and nontechnical terms. Other terms lack definitions becausethe NASA Thesaurus predates by a number of years the systematic effort to define terms. Neverthe-less, definitions of older terms are continually being added.
The following data are provided for each definition: term in uppercase�lowercase form, definitionper se, source, and year the term (not the definition) was added to the NASA Thesaurus. The NASAHistory Office is the authority for capitalization of NASA names. USE cross references from theNASA Thesaurus are also included in uppercase/lowercase form.
SOURCES OF DEFINITIONS
Definitions with no source given were censt'ructed by lexicographers at the NASA Scientific and
Technical Information (STI) Facility, who rely on the following sources for their information: experts
in the field, literature searches from the NASA STI database, and specialized references, includingthose listed below.
ASTM. Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions, 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA, ASTM, 1986.Copyright, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). All rights reserved. Used
with the permission of ASTM. Two ASTM sources are distinguished: standards are identified byan alphanumeric designation with no hyphen; committees are identified by an alphanumericdesignation with a hyphen. The original definitions appeared in the Annual Book of ASTMStandards.
DOE. Energy Data Base Subject Thesaurus (DOE/TIC-7000-R7). Oak Ridge, TN, Departmentof Energy, 1987.
SP-7. Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, NASA SP-7. Washington, DC, NASA,1965.
In some cases, definitions used from these sources have been subjected to editorial alterations,such as making a definition agree in number with the NASA form of the term.
TYPICAL TERM DEFINITION ENTRY
TERM : prismsTransparentbodieswithat leasttwopolishedplanefacesinclinedwithrespectto eachother,fromwhich_jht is reflectedor throughwhichlightis refracted.When lightis _fracted by a prismwhoseDEFINITION refractiveindex exceedsthat of the surroundingreed'ram,it isdeviatedorbenttowardthethickerpartof the prism.
ASTM (E I75. E-25J 1968 w
_'_SOURCE OF
DEFINITION
YEARTERM ENTERED
22
ENTROPY
entropy
A measure of the exlent to which the energy of a system isunavailable. SP-7 1968
entropy (statistics)
A factor or quantity that is a function of a mechanical system and
is equal to the logarithm of the probability of the particular
arrangement in that state. 1980
entry guidance (STS)
The precise steering commands for trajectory from initial
penetration of the earth's atmosphere until the terminal area
guidance is activated at an earth-relative speed (about 2500 fps).1980
environmental chambers
Use test chambers
environmental chemistry
Collective term comprising the complex chemical relationships
involving the atmosphere, climatology, air and water pollution, fuels,
pesticides, energy, biochemistry, geochemistry, etc. 1980
environmental temperature
Use ambient temperature
environments
External conditions or the sum of such conditions, in which pieces
of equipment, living organisms, or systems operate as in
temperature environment, vibration environment, or space
environment. Environments are usually specified by a range of
values, and may be either natural or artificial. SP-7 1968
eoslnophlls
A type of white blood cell or leukocyte which stains a red color
with eosin stain; normally about 2 to 3 percent of white cells in
the blood but tending to decrease during stressful situations and
thus usable as an index for stress. SP-7 1968
ephemerides
Periodical publications tabulating the predicted positions of celestial
bodies at regular intervals, such as daily, and containing other
data of interest to astronomers. A publication giving similar
information useful to a navigator is called an almanac. SP-7 1968
ephemeris time
The uniform measure of time defined by the laws of dynamics
and determined in principle from the orbital motions of the planets,
specifically the orbital motion of the earth as represented by
Newcomb's Tables of the Sun. SP-7 1968
epitaxy
The oriented growth of a crystalline substance on a substrate of
the same or c=;,'fferent cystalline substance.
ASTM (F 127, F-I) 1968
epoxy matrix composites
High strength compositions consisting of epoxy resin and a
reinforcing matrix of filaments or fibers of glass, metal, or other
materials. 1980
epoxy resins
Viscous liquids or brittle solids containing el)Oxide groups thai can
be crosslinked into final form by means of a chemical reaction
with a variety of setting agents used with or without heat.
ASTM (C 904, C-3) 1968
42
equations of motion
A set of equations which give information regarding the motion of
a body or of a point in space as a function of time when initial
position and initial velocity are known. Used for motion equations.
SP-7 I968
equations of state
Equations relating temperature, pressure, and volume of a system
in thermodynamic equillibrium. Used for state equations.
SP-7 1968
equatorial atmosphere
The composition and characteristics of the earth's atmosphere at
and/or near the equator. 1978
equatorial regions
Areas on or near the earth's equator; regions between the Tropic
of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn (23 degrees 27 minutes
North or South of the Equator). 1980
equators
The primary great circle of a sphere or spheroid, such as the
earth, perpendicular to the polar axis; or a line resembling or
approximating such a circle. SP-7 1968
equilibrium
A state of dynamic balance between the opposing actions,
reactions, or velocities of a reversible process.
ASTM (E 7, E-4) 1968
equilibrium flow
Gas flow in which energy is constant along streamlines and the
composition of the gas at any point is not time dependent. Used
for steady state flow. SP-7 1968
equinoxes
One of two points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial
equator occupied by the sun when its declination is zero degrees.SP-7 1968
ERBE
Use earth radiation budget experiment
ergometers
Instruments for measuring muscular work. SP-7 1968
.e.rgonomica
Use human factors engineering
erosion
Progressive loss of original matedal from a solid surface due to
mechanical interaction between that surface end a fluid, a
multicomponent fluid, or impinging liquid or soJid particles, Used
for scars (geology). ASTM (G 76, G-2) 1968
erosive burning
Combustion of solid propellants accompanied with nonsteady, high
velocity flows of product gases across burning propellant
surfaces. 1980
error band
Use accuracy
error signals
Voltages the magnitude of which are proportional to the difference
between an actual and a desired position. SP-7 1968
NASAISTIF FRAME NUMBER 42 23
ISSN: O l.t J-:3, l i
National Library of Medicine
MEDICAL SUBJECTHEADINGS--- ..
ANNOTATEDALPHABETICLIST
1993
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health ServiceNational Insdtutes of Health
National 1 ibraD, of MedicineLibrary. OperationsMedical Subject HeadingsBethesda, MD 211894 24
I
!
SAMPLE ENTRrES
Below are sample entries for one MeSH Heading and one Topical Subheading. Further explanation
may be found in the following introductory sections.
DESCRIPTOR
PRE-EXPLOSION SYMBOL \\
TREE NUMBER _ • NEOPLASMS
(*INDICATES INDENTEDHEADINGS IN MESH TREE
STRUCTURES AT
THIS NUMBER) _
INDEXINGANNOTATION
CATALOGING
ANNOTATION
HISTORY
NOTE
CONSIDER ALSOCROSS-REFERENCE
TO OTHER TERMS
conddcralso_J at CANCER,CARCTNO-,ONCO-,a_lTUMOR
C4 •
avoid: too Seaenl; l_v-fer specifics; poUcy: Manual secdo_ 24; Jch¢_ ind permitted but _ also
CARCI"NOOENS;/class: consider also NEOPLASM STAOINO (see nocc Ilum=) but "IF'_ ° -/psthol;/¢tioI;
¢ormdcr also ONCOOENIC VIRUSES;/vet: Manual 24.32-..t6 e¢ TN 136; TN 135: MeSH te=_m for neopbmm
cLtmed by tim_¢;/drug thor: coodder also ANTI3qlEOPt.A.RTIC AOENTS & its Rmcifics; lie=mr: ¢mm/d_ abe
GENES,SUPPRESSOR,TUMOR;/mummohconddex=boANTIGENS,NEOPLASM& ANTIBODrFJ,NEOPLASM;/mic=obiol:¢omkle¢arm ONCOOENICVIRUSES;/pm_.cor_dcraboANTICARC_IO(3_CAGENTS;_. ¢ond&_alsoBRACIP/'rI-[ERAPY;doao( u_/second( - NEOPLASMMETAb'rA$1_;
f_ailLtl: ¢oru_l_ Lbo NEOPLASTICSYNDROMES,_ITARY; mctas_ _ of _ odlp_: Index
under NEOPLASMMETASTASIS;TumorKey:"INSuppl _ CATALOG:form quaY"p_nadcmd
idiaip_osiswasNEOPLASMDIAGNOSIS1964-65;/etioiolwwasNEOPLASMETIOLOOY 1964-65;/ummmolofyNEOPLASM II_v[UNOLOQY 1964-65;/mdiodv_py _ NEOPLASM RADIO_ 1964-65;/dmml_
was NEOPLASM THERAPY 1964-65; NEOPLASM STATISTICS was Imadin$1964-6._; CARCXNOOENE_S was
he._din s 19T7
BACKWARD SEECROSS-REFERENCESFROM ENTRY TERMS
u._ NEOPLASMS/CI or NEOPLASMS/ET Io sea_b CARCINOGI_,'ESIS 1977
ONUNE
Rbl_ NOTE/_NTmODIES, NEOPLASMANTICARCENOGI_'IC AQENTS'=-'"-"_AN'r/oENS, NEOPLASMANTINEOPLAffrIc AGENTSCARCINOGENSDNA, NEOPLASMGENES,SUPPRESSOR,TUMORONCOGENICVIRUSES
EFFUSION,MA,UONANTPRECANCEROUS CONDrrIONS
RNA, NEOPLASM
FORWARD SEE RELATED
CROSS-REFERENCESTO OTHER DESCRIPTORS
x C.ANC2m BACKWARD SEE RELATEDx TUMORS CROSS-REFERENCE
FROM OTHER DESCRIPTORXR MEDICAL ONCOLOOY
SUBHEADIr_"BINATION
RENCE
NEOPLASMS/r,e¢o_ see NEOPLASM METASTASIS
PRE-EXPLOSlON SYMBOL , INDEXING ANNOTATION
TOPICAL SUBHEADINGj_ I_WetioloiD' j
_blm_ _ blcludes "pud_olmeds" & "causes'; sm MeSH Lope M/e in l_oductio¢ b_.xb_l polk'}':
HISTORY NOTE _ M===d 19.1..12;DR/etiol or/El"
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imvmommmrAL Am mu.m'+mmmme'Ami,_m+u.,T_u+J_.I_NUt_.
_I01.1434.
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my w my mt mult is s di,mm_ mind Ild s_th spm:iffc mlmmme (Ild)
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All POLJATYANTS, I_rvII_ALEHVI]tOHIdENTAL MOHrtOnJNOOCOJPATIOHAL EXPOStmJE
+ INDICA'rI_ THEltE ARE INDENTED D_lllq'OitS IN MESH _ b'rltUCIlJll.r_ AT TIUS NUMIIEIt,
26
I ISSN: 1045-2338
National Library of Medicine
PERMUTEDMEDICAL SUBJECTHEADINGS
1993
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health ServiceNational Imdtute, of Health
National Library of MedicineLibrary Operations
Medical Subject HeadingsBethesda, MD 20894
July 1993
27
EN'rEROTOXEMIAE_'TEROTOXEMIA
E_TEROTOXTNSENT1DIOTOXINS
ENTEROVIRUSENTEROVlXUS INFECTIONSI_'IT3tOVDtUS 7Ome _Vl_tUSES
ENTEROVIRUSESI_TlmOVIRU_SE_tOVmUSm. Pona_
E3qT_OV_tUSES Jee ERITIOVl]RUSE_ PORC_E
ENTERPRISEPIUVATE _ me PRIVATE SECTORPUBLIC _ see PUBMC SECTOR
ENTOMOLOGY15<TOMOLOGY
ENTOMOPHTHORAI_qTOMOPRFIIORA
ENTOPTICERroPrlc vision me VL_ON, ENTOPTICVISION. ENTOPTIC
ENTRXPM]_TENTIAPMID_ NEUROPATHY _ NEIVE COMPRESSION
SYNDIOMZS
ENTROPIONEbPrEoPION
ENUCLEATIONEYE ENUCIXA71ON
ENURESIS_UItESlS
ENVENV GENE PRODUCTS me GIDqZ i_tODUC_ l_VENV GI_ES me GIDq_, I_VENV-ONC Im_lON _ u= O_ _ FUSIONENV POLYIqt_ _ _ _l_qV PROTEIN .-- GENE _ ENV]D.'V PROT1U_ GP41. IDV me IDV ENVELOPE PItOTIDN 6_!
PROTEIN GPim, HIV me mY IDqVI_OPE _ GPLWI'_L_ON PIOTID]_ ENV-ONC tee ONODGID_ PItOTEINS. FUS3ONClare PUODUC_ ID_V.C:_T_ ZZ_TV
ENVELOPEENVELOPE GLY(X)PROTIUN G'PI]IL HJV see HIV ENVID.DPE
PROTIDN GPlmENVELOPE PROTI[_ G1MX,_ me my ENVELOPE PROTEIN GN!ENVELOPE PROTEINS, VIRAL me VIRAL I_qWELOPE PJtOT'E13_
.HIV ENVID,OPE PROTEIN GP4!my ]_WIU,OPE PRUI'Em GPU0my-I ENVELOPEPItOTI_N GI_I s_ HIV IDqVELOPEPROTEIN GI_IHlV-I ENVELOPE PitOTIDN GIPtlS m= mY IDqVELOPEPROTEIN
NUCLEAi ID;VlDDI_ ,_ NUC[XAli MIMBIANEriP.A/. ENVELOPE PItOTIDlqS
ENVIOMYCINENV1OMYClN
ENVIRONMENTENVIi_NMENTENVIRONMENT AND PtmlJC HEALTH (NON MESH)ID.'_DtONM]_'r. CONTltOL/J_IDND_NM_NT DESIGNEX11A_ I_rVgtONM_'THEALTH FACILITY ENVIRONM_ffSOCIAL ENVmO_/]Drr
ENVIRONMENTALAm POr.L_ANTS. _vmOZ_f]DVrAL_D4s. D_VIIONMENTAL_.'VI_ONML'_AL AIR POLLUTAN13 .ec ABI POLLL_.O.'rS.
ENVlRON3_D.'rALENVIRONMENTALID_WIRONME3_AL HF.ALTHL'MVIRONMENTALMJC_OBIOLO_YE_'VIRONM_qTAL MONrTOIUNGE%'VIRO_AL POLLUTAN_E'_'VlRO_WlD.'I"ALPOLLUTANTS. PESTICIDES (NON MESH)_%'V1_ONME_'rAL POLLUTION "_ONME_'rAL POLLUTION, TOBACCO SMOI_ _ TOIA_CO
SMOKE POLLUTIONENVIRONMI_'YAL PROTECTION AGENCYflJ.S.)see UNITEDSTATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGIE_CYMONITORING, ENVllONMENTAL me I_n_RONMENTAL
MONITORING ....TOXIC SUB_A._iCES, ENVmONMENTAL _e HAZARDOUS
SIJ_ST_2ESUNITED STATES I_MVII_AL PItOTEC_ON AGi_CY
ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSISEN'ZOOTIC_'_C_EPHALO._fYT..LITISVIRUS _ BORNA DISEASE
VIRUS
ENZYMATICE_ZYMAT/C ZON-c_LOLYSL5
ENZYMEACETYLACTi_AT_G ENZYME see Ac_'rYL COENZY_4UEA
SYNTHErASEI,_-ALPHA-GLUCAN B_AN_ ENZYMEAJ_YLOPECTI_ BR.4_CI'U_G ENZYME see 1,4-.ALPHA..G_
B_G__ I-ODNVERTING ID_YME INH_ITOR see
1"EI'iOTIDEA/_IOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME me 13_NINASE UANG3_NVERIIN_ ENZYME INH1_rroRsAN__POItMIN_ ENZYME _eeANTIBODY ENZYM_ _QUE, UNLABELED
IMMUNOmqZ_M_ I"_C_NIOU'ESB_ _ _ 1,4-XLJ51A-GLL_AN lJ_
(:3 CLEAVING _ see _ 3 CO_flUPFASECAT _ see C3U.O_COL ACXTYL_a.IOLESTI_OL SiD£..CHA._ CLEAVAGE _ Jee
C3TOL2:S'FEROLDE_vfOLASEcrrlLATE CLEAVAGE E2qZYMEsee ATP C_ATE LYASEDNA PHOTO_I_ACTIVATINGENZYME me DNA PHOTOLYASEDNA ILESTIUCTIONENZYI_ BAMHI seeDEOX'YIUDONUCI.EASE
BAMHIDNA RESTRICTION ENZYME EODIU see DEOXYRIBO_
ECOR!DNA _CTIONIE_ZI'N_ _m .,_ DEOXY1U]JO_
H]NDm_ODES, ENZYME me III_
AcrrVATIONIMMUNOA_AY see IMMUNOENZYI_ TECHNIQUES_ON
ENZYM_ INH_rroRsANT/_DY T/_FINIQUE see IMMUNOi_FM_
T_U_IQUES_qZYM_L/NKI_ IMMUNOSO_J_t ASSAY
_ itl_STIUCTION s_ II_TiUCTION MAPPINGMTJLTDS.IEDD4MU_OASSAY _OUE
_U_YME _RSENZIrN_ REACI_ATOISENZYME ItE151_ONI_EY_E STAMIJTYENZYI_ TIm_ENZYMES, COI=qZYMI_ ENZ_7_ D4marrols 0qON MESH)GLYCOGE_ _ ]D_YME see 1.4-ALPHA-GI.UCAN
BICOK3m_ ID_YMEGLYCOGEN _ ]gqZYM_ ,ee GLYCOCIDi
DEB_ ENZYME SYSTD4GLYOOGI_ DEBRANC3DT_ ENZYME DU_IC_E2qCTsee GLYCOG]_
STOP.ACE DISEAS_ TYPE mGLYODGID_DI_itANOUNG IDIZYM_ _Y_J'JD_
__ _ seeG'rP CYCLOHYDROI.ASEIMMUNOASSA¥, _ me IMMUNOENZ2ME _QUESLY_OSOMAL _ DISOIU)I_S seeLYSO_OMAL STORAGE
DISEASESMALATE CONDID_D_ _ see MALATE SYRTHASEMALIC IDqZYMEsee MALATE DEHYDROGENA_OLD YELLOW ID_YMZ see NADPH DIDIYDR_PHOTOREACTIVATINGJ2_YME see DNA PHOTOLYASEPR-ID4ZYM_ ..- PHO_PHORYLASE PHOSPHATAS_Q-ID_YMZ see _-AU'HA-Q.UC_ _ ENZYME
CLEAVING ENZYME see SP_PH(_PHODIESl"JmA_
ADDITION _ see DNA" N1LJ_LI_OT_IrLEX_
ENZYM]_AMINO ACID ACTIVATINGDt_Nd]_S see AMINO ACYL T RNA
S't'NTH_ASESQ)kOSJD4ERY ACTIVATINGD/ZYM_SDNA IEI.AXING EN_/M_ see DNA UNTWlSTING PItOT1DNSDNA IEPAII EIqZYMZS see POLYDIDDXYP,/BO_E
SYNTHETASES :'. '--DNA R_rRlCrlO_ ENZYMES
DNA___C TYPE I me DF.O__DNA RESTiUCTIONEqZYMES, TYPE D see DEO
TYPE/I SITE-_PEC1F/CDNA iI_STPJCrlON DIZYMIS, _ ITI see
DEO TYPE m SlTE-SPEOq_DNA liI,_'rI_CrlON-MODIFICATION I_MZYMESD_A _ _ seeDNA _C I_tOT_INS
_OBIMZ_D ENZYMES seeENZYMES, IMMOBrUZ_DMt_rW_zrio_A_ ENZYMES _e__ZYME CO_U_3_PROTF,OL_llC ENZYMES _ PEM'IDE I'_DNOI,XS_ : ::TYPE ! RESTIUCTION_ see DEOXYRIBOh'_£ASI_ TYPE
TYPE !1 _ICTION ENZYMES see DEOXYitIDO_11 SIT_SPECIlqC : , -
TY_ m IU_rlUCI'ION _ see DEOXYltilIO_RX_C_X_TYPE m _-,$PEQIMC
28
|
i.
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm ApprOved
OM8 NO 0704.0188
Permuted Medical Subject Headings, 1993
6. AUTHOR{S)
National Library of Medicine
Medical Subject Headings Section
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND AOORESS(ES)
Same as No. 7_
3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER
NLM-MED 93-03
10. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER
PB93-I00055
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Supersedes PB92-100056; Supplements Medical Subject Headings, Annotated Alphabetic
List, 1993 (PB93-I00030) and Medical Subject Headings, Tree Structures, 1993
(PB93-IOOO48).
12a, DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 wo_s)
Permuted Medical Subject Headings,
12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
i
1993 is a computer-generated display of all
terms; i.e., descriptors and cross-references, in the alphabetic list of the
National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MESH) for 1993, as well
as all check tag and geographic descriptors in the Annotated Alphabetic MESH,
1993. The Permuted MeSH takes each significant word that appears in each MeSH
term and then lists all the MeSH terms (both descriptors and cross-references)
in which that word appears. The Permuted MeSH also takes selected word roots and
lists all the MeSH terms in which that root appears.
ii
14. SUBJECTTERMS
Descriptors: Index Terms, Information Retrieval, Subject
Index Terms
Identifiers: MeSHp MEDLARS_ MEDLINE17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE
UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED
NSN 7540-0_-280-5500
19 SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONOF ABSTRACT
29
UNCLASSIFIED
15. NUMBER OF PAGES
16. PRICE CODE
20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
UNLIMITED
Stanoar_ Form 298 _:tev ._-89)n,escr_Deo _, -_N¢._ Sta Z]9-'g
ISSN: 0147-099X
National Library of Medicine
MEDICAL SUBJECTHEADINGS--
TRI ESTRUCTURES
1993!
g
U.S. DF_.PARTMENrr OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health ServiceNadonal Institutes of Health
Nadonal Library of Medicine
Libra," OperationsMedical Subject HeadingsBethe_la. MD ".>0894
3O
G3 - ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH (NON MESH)
ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH (NONMESH)
ENVIRONMENTALTITUDECONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCESDISASTERS
DISASTER PLANNINGEXPLOSIONSFIRES • _
FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMSNATURAL DISASTERSRELIEF WORK
ENERGY-GENERATING RESOURCYSELECTRICITYFOSSIL FUELS
COALCOKE
PETROLEUM
FUEL OILSGASOLINEKEROSINE
NUCLEAR ENERGYNUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FUSION
SOLAR ENERGYENVIRONMENT, CONTROLLED
AIR CONDITIONINGDIVINGHEATINGHOUSING
HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLYHOUSING, ANIMAL
HOSPITALS, ANIMALPUBLIC HOUSING
HUMIDITYLIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMSLIGHTINGSEALED CABIN ECOLOGYTEMPERATUREVENTILATION
ENVIRONMENT DESIGNEXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTMETEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
ATMOSPHEREAIR
AIR IONIZATIONAIR MOVEMENTS
WINDATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
AIR PRESSUREVACUUM
CLIMATECOLD CLIMATEDESERT CLIMATEMICROCLIMATETROPICAL CLIMATE
COSMIC RADIATIONWEATHER
HUMIDITYLIGHTNINGRAIN
G3G3.230G3.230.58G3.230.80G3.230.80.78G3.230.100G3.230.100.35G3.230.100.90G3.230.100.120G3.230.100.120.110G3.230.100.200(;3.230.100.300G3.230.132(33.230.132.200G3.230.132.258G3.230.132.258.108G3.230.132.258.108.U0G3.230.132.258.630
G3.230.132.258.630.500G3.230.132.258.630.540G3.230.132.258.630.600G3.230.132.580(33.230.132.580.500G3.230.132.580.520(33.230.132.708G3.230.150G3.230.150..50G3.230.1,50.150G3.230.150.300G3.230.150.360G3.230.150.360.12,5G3.230.150.360.250G3.230.150.360.2S0.200G3.230.150.360.650G3.230.150.372G3.,7.30.150.391G3.230.150.410G3.230.150.430G3.230.150.450G3.230.150.520G3.230.200G3.230.230G3.230.300G3.230.300.100G3.230.300.100.150G3.230.300.100.1,50.100G3.230.300.100.1.50.185G3.230.300.100.1,50.185.200G3.230.300.100.185(33.230.300.100.185.100(33.230.300.100.185.902G3.230.300.100.2_G3.230.300.100.2,q).275G3.230.300.100.250.325G3.7.30.300.100.250.450G3.230.300.100.2_.600G3.230.300.100.300G3.230.300.100.725(33.230.300.100.725.310G3.230.300.100.725.375(33.230.300.100.725.450
I1.1_.787.
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45
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Taave blaak)
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
2.REPORT DATE
April1903
Coordinating Council, Tenth Meeting:Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies
Z
6. AUTHOR(S)
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(F.S)
NASA Headquarters
9. SPONSOP-JNG/MONTI'OP.JNG AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDEF..SS(E3)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Washington, DC 20546
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188
3.REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
Technical Memorandum
5.FUNDING NUMBERS
8.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
I0.SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY
REPORT NUMBER
TM-108764
12=.DISTRIBUTION/AVAIIA_iLITY STATEMENT
Unclassified - Unlimited
Subject Category 82
12b. DISTP.JBUTION CODE
13. ABSTRACT (maximum2OOworda)
The theme of this NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Coordinating Council meeting
was the role of controlled vocabularies (thesauri) in information retrieval. Included are
summaries of the presentations and the accompanying visuals. Dr. Raya Fidel spoke on
Retrieval: Free Text, Full Text, and Controlled Vocabularies. Dr. Balla Hass Weinberg spoke on
Controlled Vocabularies and Thesaurus Standards. The presentations were followed by a
panel discussion with participation from NASA, NLM, DTIC, and DOE; this discussion, however,
is not summarized in any detail here.
141SUBJECT TERMS •
information retrieval, standards, thesauri, nomenclatures, databases
17. sEcURITY CLASSIFICATION
OF REPORT
UNCLASS
1& SECURITY CLASSIHCATION
OF THIS PAGE
UNCLASS
19.SECURITY CLASSIRCATION
OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASS
15. NU]v_I_ OF PAGES
16. I_C_ CODE
UNLIMITEDAvailable from NASA Center for AeroSpace Information
800 Elkridgc Landing RoadLinthicum Heights, MD 21090