Infections of the pigInfections of the pig
Viral infections of the respiratory Viral infections of the respiratory tracttract
PRRSPRRS Cirkovirus (PCV2)Cirkovirus (PCV2) Aujeszky disease - PseudorabiesAujeszky disease - Pseudorabies Inclusion rhinitisInclusion rhinitis Swine influenzaSwine influenza
Porcine Reproductive and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory disease syndrome Respiratory disease syndrome
virusvirus
Affinitou to respiratory ang genital systemAffinitou to respiratory ang genital system Antigennic variability, european and Antigennic variability, european and
american genotypesamerican genotypes Strains differ in virulenceStrains differ in virulence
PRRS
PRRS
PathogenesisPathogenesis
Infection by inhalation–aerosolInfection by inhalation–aerosol Alveolar macrophage are target cells for Alveolar macrophage are target cells for
primary replicationprimary replication Respiratory signs are apparent in piglets Respiratory signs are apparent in piglets
older than 3 weeksolder than 3 weeks Antibodies can enhance virus infectionAntibodies can enhance virus infection
PRRS
PRRS
Pathological changesPathological changes
Periocullar oedema, conjunctivitis, blue Periocullar oedema, conjunctivitis, blue coloration of eyes, vulva and snoutcoloration of eyes, vulva and snout
Interstitial pneumonia, loss of cilliar epithelial Interstitial pneumonia, loss of cilliar epithelial cellscells
PRRS
PRRS
Porcine Circovirus 2Porcine Circovirus 2
PMWS (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome)
PCV-2
PCV-2
Clinical signsClinical signs
Affected age category 5 – 12 weeksAffected age category 5 – 12 weeks Respiratory signsRespiratory signs Growth retardationGrowth retardation Enlargement of lymph nodesEnlargement of lymph nodes Anemia, icterusAnemia, icterus FeverFever
PCV-2
PCV-2
PMWSPMWS (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting (Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome)Syndrome)
PDNSPDNS (Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy (Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome)Syndrome)
PCV-2
PPV PRRS
StressVirus genotype?
Immunostimulation
ImmunosupressionPMWS
Pathogenesis is still unclear !!Pathogenesis is still unclear !!
PCV-2 + immunomodulation = PCV-2 + immunomodulation = PMWSPMWS
Immunosupression in PCV2 infectionImmunosupression in PCV2 infection
Lymphoid depletionLymphoid depletion Loss of lymphatic folliclesLoss of lymphatic follicles Atrophy of lymphatic organsAtrophy of lymphatic organs Loss of circulating B and T lymphocytesLoss of circulating B and T lymphocytes
Secondary infectionSecondary infection Doesn´t produce antibodiesDoesn´t produce antibodies Doesn´t respond to vaccinationDoesn´t respond to vaccination
PRDC – PCV2PRDC – PCV2
Porcine respiratory disease complex Porcine respiratory disease complex syndromesyndrome
MultiethiologicalMultiethiological Age category 16 or more weeksAge category 16 or more weeks Virus is in the lung tissue, no PA Virus is in the lung tissue, no PA
changes in lymphonodeschanges in lymphonodes
Swine influenzaSwine influenza
Acute, febrile diseaseAcute, febrile disease Cough, fever, ocullar and nasal Cough, fever, ocullar and nasal
dischargedischarge Very short incubation periodVery short incubation period Colostral antibodies doesn´t protect Colostral antibodies doesn´t protect
agains diseaseagains disease
Aujeszky disease- Aujeszky disease- Pseudorabies Pseudorabies
Pig is the primary host and the Pig is the primary host and the reservoior for the virusreservoior for the virus
Respiratory transmissionRespiratory transmission Incubation period 2-3 daysIncubation period 2-3 days Primary replication in oropharynxPrimary replication in oropharynx Latency in g. trigeminaleLatency in g. trigeminale
Aujeszky disease- Aujeszky disease- Pseudorabies Pseudorabies
Fever, anorexia, vomiting, ataxia, Fever, anorexia, vomiting, ataxia, respiratory signs respiratory signs
PneumoniaPneumonia Necrotizing tonsilitisNecrotizing tonsilitis KeratoconjunktivitisKeratoconjunktivitis
Bacterial infections in the Bacterial infections in the respiratory systemrespiratory system
The upper respiratory tract I.The upper respiratory tract I. Non progresive rhinitis atrophicans Non progresive rhinitis atrophicans
(bordetelosis)(bordetelosis)– Bordetella bronchisepticaBordetella bronchiseptica
progresive rhinitis atrophicans progresive rhinitis atrophicans (toxinogennic pasteurellosis)(toxinogennic pasteurellosis)– Pasteurella multocidaPasteurella multocida
(dermonecrotoxin- positive strains)(dermonecrotoxin- positive strains)
The lower respiratory tract II. - The lower respiratory tract II. - pneumonia pneumonia
enzootic pneumoniaenzootic pneumonia– Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaeMycoplasma hyopneumoniae – M.hyorhinisM.hyorhinis
(acute pasteurellosis)(acute pasteurellosis)– P. multocidaP. multocida type A, D,. type A, D,.– Bordetella bronchisepticaBordetella bronchiseptica
(piglets older than 3 or 4 days) (piglets older than 3 or 4 days)
– Arcanobacterium pyogenesArcanobacterium pyogenes – Streptococcus suisStreptococcus suis (serovars 2,1, 7) (serovars 2,1, 7)
The lower respiratory tract III.The lower respiratory tract III.
Pleuropneumonia (peracute or acute)Pleuropneumonia (peracute or acute)– A.pleuropneumoniaeA.pleuropneumoniae (serovars 7,9,11) (serovars 7,9,11)
chronic pleuropneumonia chronic pleuropneumonia – A.pleuropneumoniaeA.pleuropneumoniae (serovar 2) (serovar 2)
PleuritisPleuritis– Haemophilus parasuisHaemophilus parasuis
Viral diseases of the urogenital Viral diseases of the urogenital systemsystem
Porcine ParvovirusPorcine Parvovirus PRRSPRRS PseudorabiesPseudorabies Porcine Circovirus 2Porcine Circovirus 2 La piedad virusLa piedad virus
PRRSPRRS
Abortions, premature delivery, weak Abortions, premature delivery, weak piglets, agalactiapiglets, agalactia
Late pregnancyLate pregnancy Virus is disseminated by infected Virus is disseminated by infected
macrophagesmacrophages Placenta is not permeabile till the ½ Placenta is not permeabile till the ½
of the pregnancyof the pregnancy No macroscopic changes on aborted No macroscopic changes on aborted
pigletspiglets
PathogenesisPathogenesis
Incubation period 7 – 10 daysIncubation period 7 – 10 days
Maximal virus shedding 3. – 13. days Maximal virus shedding 3. – 13. days
p.i.p.i.
Length of shedding 10 – 35 days, Length of shedding 10 – 35 days,
urine, feces, semen, nasal secretionsurine, feces, semen, nasal secretions
PCV-2
PCV-2
Circovirus diseasesCircovirus diseases
Virus is present in the semen of Virus is present in the semen of boarsboars
Transplacental infectionTransplacental infection– AbortionsAbortions– MumificationMumification– Dead pigletsDead piglets
Affected age categoriesAffected age categories
PigletsPiglets– PMWSPMWS– PDNSPDNS– PRDCPRDC– Secondary infectionSecondary infection
SowsSows– Reproductive signsReproductive signs
PigletsPiglets– PneumoniaPneumonia– PRDCPRDC– Secondary infectionSecondary infection
SowsSows– Reproductive signsReproductive signs
BoarsBoars
Virus sheddingVirus shedding
Respiratory routeRespiratory route ContactContact Orofecal transmissionOrofecal transmission
Transplacental Transplacental infectioninfection
Shedding in the semenShedding in the semen
Respiratory routeRespiratory route ContactContact
Transplacental Transplacental infectioninfection
Shedding in the semenShedding in the semen
DiagnosticsDiagnostics
Virus quantificationVirus quantification Detection of Detection of
antobodies - antobodies - senslesssensless
Virus detection (RT-Virus detection (RT-PCR)PCR)
Detection of Detection of antibodiesantibodies
Porcine ParvovirusPorcine Parvovirus EnzooticEnzootic
Infection by oronasal route, shedding in feces last Infection by oronasal route, shedding in feces last for at least 14 daysfor at least 14 days
Viremia – transplacental infectionViremia – transplacental infection
abortions, mumificationabortions, mumification
Only one piglets from the litter can be affectedOnly one piglets from the litter can be affected
Infection in adult animals in inapparentInfection in adult animals in inapparent
Aujeszkyho disease - Aujeszkyho disease - PseudorabiesPseudorabies
Abortions in sows, stillbirth or Abortions in sows, stillbirth or mumificationmumification
Infection is followed by infections in Infection is followed by infections in 10 days10 days
Periorchitis in boarsPeriorchitis in boars
Porcine EnterovirusPorcine Enterovirus
SMEDI syndromeSMEDI syndrome
THE URINARY SYSTEMTHE URINARY SYSTEM
cystitiscystitis– E.coli E.coli
cyto-pyelonephritiscyto-pyelonephritis– Actinobaculum suisActinobaculum suis – E.coliE.coli
THE REPRODUCTIVE THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMSYSTEM
abortionsabortions– Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiaeLeptospira icterohaemorrhagiae
– Haemophilus parasuisHaemophilus parasuis endometritis/metritisendometritis/metritis
– co-infection with G- bacteria co-infection with G- bacteria – E.coli, Pasteurella sppE.coli, Pasteurella spp., .,
Viral infections of enteric tractViral infections of enteric tract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virus Swine RotavirusSwine Rotavirus Classical swine fever virus Classical swine fever virus Vesicular stomatitis virus Vesicular stomatitis virus
Transmissible gastroenteritis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virus
Enzootic diseaseEnzootic disease Coronavirus with tropism to mature Coronavirus with tropism to mature
enterocytesenterocytes Oral infectionOral infection Sudden onset, incubation period 2-3 daysSudden onset, incubation period 2-3 days Malabsorption syndrome, watery diarrhoeaMalabsorption syndrome, watery diarrhoea High mortality (2-3 days p.i.) decrease High mortality (2-3 days p.i.) decrease
with age (till 14 days - almost 100%)with age (till 14 days - almost 100%)
Transmissible gastroenteritis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virus
Systemic antibodies doesn´t protectSystemic antibodies doesn´t protect Lactogennic immunity (IgA) is Lactogennic immunity (IgA) is
necessarynecessary
Porcine RotavirusPorcine Rotavirus
Ubikvitous virusUbikvitous virus Host specificity, cross reactivityHost specificity, cross reactivity Critical period:Critical period:
1 – 3 weeks1 – 3 weeks 2-7 days post weaning2-7 days post weaning
White, yellow watery diarrhoeaWhite, yellow watery diarrhoea Pathogenesis is similar to TGEPathogenesis is similar to TGE
Bacterial infections in Bacterial infections in THE ALIMENTARY TRACTTHE ALIMENTARY TRACT
THE ALIMENTARY TRACT I.THE ALIMENTARY TRACT I.
necrotic stomatitisnecrotic stomatitis– Fusobacterium necroforum, Fusobacterium necroforum, – Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus
gastritis gastritis – Helicobacter suisHelicobacter suis ?? ??
THE ALIMENTARY TRACT II.THE ALIMENTARY TRACT II. Enteritis /enterotoxicosis/enterotoxemia/Enteritis /enterotoxicosis/enterotoxemia/ colibacillosis:colibacillosis:
– neonatal diarrhoea, neonatal diarrhoea, E.coliE.coli : F4, F5, F6, ST, LT positive : F4, F5, F6, ST, LT positive– E.coli (ETEC,ETEEC) postweaning diarrhoea: E.coli (ETEC,ETEEC) postweaning diarrhoea: E. coliE. coli F18, F18,
F4F4 Oedema diseases, Oedema diseases, E. coliE. coli : VT positive (VTEC) : VT positive (VTEC)
isolatesisolates necrotic enteritis in piglets necrotic enteritis in piglets C. perfringens type C. perfringens type
AA , , cpb2+cpb2+ Haemorrhagic enetritisHaemorrhagic enetritis
– C. perfringens typ CC. perfringens typ C– Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella Typhimurium – Salmonella CholeraesuisSalmonella Choleraesuis
THE ALIMENTARY TARCT III.THE ALIMENTARY TARCT III.– Bacillus cereus, enterotoxines positive strains (ET+).Bacillus cereus, enterotoxines positive strains (ET+).
proliferative enteropathy ("ileitis") proliferative enteropathy ("ileitis") – Lawsonia intracellularisLawsonia intracellularis
swine dysenteryswine dysentery– Brachyspira hyodysenteriaeBrachyspira hyodysenteriae
colonic spirochaetosiscolonic spirochaetosis– Brachyspira pilosicoliBrachyspira pilosicoli
polyserositis and peritonitispolyserositis and peritonitis– H.parasuis H.parasuis – M.hyopneumoniaeM.hyopneumoniae
Viral infections of CNSViral infections of CNS
PseudorabiesPseudorabies Porcine Enterovirus (Teschovirus)Porcine Enterovirus (Teschovirus) Nipah virusNipah virus
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMSYSTEM
meningo-encephalitismeningo-encephalitis– Streptococcus suis type 2 Streptococcus suis type 2 – Haemophilus parasuis Haemophilus parasuis – Salmonella Choleraesuis Salmonella Choleraesuis – Listeria monocytogenesListeria monocytogenes
Porcine TeschovirusPorcine Teschovirus
PicornavirusPicornavirus Polioencephalomyelitis, frequent Polioencephalomyelitis, frequent
inapparent infectionsinapparent infections Highly virulen strains are causing Highly virulen strains are causing
(serotype 1) Teschen disease with high (serotype 1) Teschen disease with high mortalitymortality
Replication in the gut and mononuclear Replication in the gut and mononuclear cells of Lamina propria, hematogenous cells of Lamina propria, hematogenous spread to CNSspread to CNS
Fever, ataxia, convulsions, paralysisFever, ataxia, convulsions, paralysis
PseudorabiesPseudorabies
In piglets onlyIn piglets only Depression, ataxia, tremor, Depression, ataxia, tremor,
convulsion, pruritusconvulsion, pruritus Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis
and ganglioneuritisand ganglioneuritis
THE BLOODTHE BLOOD SEPTICEMIASEPTICEMIA
– Salmonella Choleraesuis Salmonella Choleraesuis – E.rhusiopathiae E.rhusiopathiae – Streptococcus suis type 1,2Streptococcus suis type 1,2– S. equi subsp. equisimilis, S. porcinus S. equi subsp. equisimilis, S. porcinus – Actinobacillus suis, Actinobacillus suis, – A.pleuropneumoniae, A.pleuropneumoniae, – H.parasuisH.parasuis– E.coliE.coli
endocarditisendocarditis– Streptococcus suis ,Streptococcus suis , – A.pleuropneumoniaeA.pleuropneumoniae– E.rhusiopathiaeE.rhusiopathiae
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM
artritis-polyartritisartritis-polyartritis– Streptococcus suis, type 1Streptococcus suis, type 1– S.dysgalactiae, S.dysgalactiae, – H.parasuis H.parasuis – Mycoplasma hyosinoviae, Mycoplasma hyosinoviae, – M.hyorhinis M.hyorhinis – Actinobacillus suis Actinobacillus suis – Arcanobacterium pyogenes, E.rhusiopathiaeArcanobacterium pyogenes, E.rhusiopathiae
Virus infections of the skinVirus infections of the skin
Porcine Circovirus 2 Porcine Circovirus 2 Porcine poxvirusPorcine poxvirus Foot and mouth disease virusFoot and mouth disease virus Vesicular exanthema virusVesicular exanthema virus Porcine Vesicular diseasePorcine Vesicular disease
THE SKINTHE SKIN
Exudative epidermitis Exudative epidermitis – Staphylococcus hyicusStaphylococcus hyicus
Pustular dermatitis Pustular dermatitis – Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus
ErysipelasErysipelas– E. rhusiopathiae E. rhusiopathiae
abscesesabsceses– Actinomyces pyogenes, Actinomyces pyogenes, – S.porcinus, F.necroforumS.porcinus, F.necroforum