Industrial CCS
Demonstrated at TCM
Michael Koch
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 2
Agenda
CCS solutions within Alstom
Why industrial CCS?
Norcem – CCS from cement production
Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery
Conclusion
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 3
Equipment & services for power generation
Alstom Thermal Power
Equipment & services for rail transport
Alstom Transport
3 main activities in 4 sectors*
Equipment & services for power transmission
Alstom Grid Alstom Renewable Power
* Organisation as of 4 July 2011
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 4
Alstom’s 3 Pillar Strategy to stabilise CO2emissions
Stabilising Power Emissions is possible ……
With solutions that are available today
1. Technology Mix
• Balancing the generation portfolio by significantly increasing the
share of Renewables and CO2 free technology
2. Production Efficiency and Energy Management (Smart Power)
• Efficiency is a key to emissions reduction
3. Carbon Capture and Storage
• With 60% of the installed base in 2030 being fossil fuels, CCS is a
must.
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 5
Efficiency: Plant
optimisation &
retrofit
CCS as part of Alstom Clean Power strategy
Wind, solar
geothermal
Nuclear*
& biomass
Power
CO2 Emissions
* Conventional islands
Hydro
First CO2 capture
demo plant in the
world
2005 BAU 2030
900 ppm
+5oC
Stabilize
emissions
550 ppm
+30C
Needed
path
450ppm
+20C max
Technology Mix
Efficiency
CCS
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 6
Technologies developed by Alstom
CO2 capture technologies pursued by Alstom
Post-combustion Oxy-combustion (New + retrofit) (New + retrofit)
• Advanced Amines
• Chilled Ammonia
• Carbonate Looping
• Oxy combustion with Air Separation Unit
• Chemical Looping Combustion
1st generation
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 7
Agenda
CCS solutions within Alstom
Why industrial CCS?
Norcem – CCS from cement production
Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery
Conclusion
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 8
World CO2 emissions by industry (2008)
Power Generation
Iron & Steel
Cement
Refineries
Petrochemicals and Fertilizer.
Other non ferrous metals (incl. Alum.)
Food & Tobacco
Pulp & Paper
0 1 2 11 12
GtCO2 / yr
Estimated emissions BAU in 2030 (GtCO2/yr)
17.4
3.0
2.6
0.9
0.75
Largest emitting sectors
Next largest sources (smaller, more fragmented)
Petrochemicals Fertilizer
CO2 emissions, Power and Industry
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 9
Direct industrial CO2 emission projections in the ETP Baseline Scenario
Source: IEA-Unido report – Sept 11 – IEA analysis
Other
industries
25%
Cement
27%
Iron and
steel 31%
Refineries
10%
High-purity
sources 7%
2008 : 7,4 GtCO2
Other industries
37%
Cement 15%
Iron and steel 19%
Refineries 6% High-purity
sources 23%
2050 : 16,4 GtCO 2
Sources of CO2 Emissions by industrial sector
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 10
Sources of CO2 Emissions Industrial CO2 Sources and Recovery Technologies Conventional CO2 Recovery
Industrial Sector I Processes CO2 Recovery Technologies
Conventional,
e.g.
- Physical Sorbents
- Pressure Swing
Absorption (PSA)
- Membrane
Separation and
- Cryogenic
Separation
High-purity CO2 Sources
H2/Syngas Production
Gasification Coal/Biomass
Partial Oxidation Natural Gas/Heavy Residue
Reforming Natural Gas / Naphtha
Natural Gas Processing
Established Technologies for Process Gases
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 11
Sources of CO2 Emissions Industrial CO2 Sources and Recovery Technologies New CO2 Recovery Technologies Industrial Sector II Processes CO2 Recovery Technologies
New CO2
Recovery
Technologies
CC from flue
gas
Low-purity CO2 Sources
Cement
Iron & Steel
Pulp & Paper
Petroleum Refining & Petrochemicals
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
Process Heaters & Utilities
Industrial Application of CCS for Flue Gas
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 12
Agenda
CCS solutions within Alstom
Why industrial CCS?
Norcem – CCS from cement production
Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery
Conclusion
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 13
Chilled Ammonia - TCM Validation Pilot
• Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) for flue
gases from a catalytic cracker (refinery) and
natural gas CHP plant
• Designed to capture 80000 tons CO2/year
• Status: installation >95% complete
Cold commissioning on-going
Start-up with solution strength build up Q2-2012
Tuning summer 2012
• First Chilled Ammonia pilot on industrial
source
• “Real” industrial flue gas:
• Dedicated sulphur injection
• Dust
• Nitrous oxides
Validating the industrial application of CCS
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 14
Principle
• Ammonium carbonate solution reacts with CO2 of
cooled flue gas to form ammonium bicarbonate
• Raising the temperature reverses this reaction,
pressurized CO2 is released, the solution is recycled
Chilled Ammonia Process Technology Overview
Advantages
• High CO2 purity: potential utilization
• Tolerant to oxygen and flue gas impurities
• Stable reagent, no degradation nor emission
of trace contaminants
• Low-cost, globally available reagent
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Roadmap to Commercialization
Chilled Ammonia Development Road Map
Test Rigs Validation
Pilots
Commercial
by 2016 Industrial
Pilots
Large-scale
demonstration
Alstom Vaxjö
Sweden
0.25 MWth
We Energies Pleasant
Prairie
USA - 5 MWth, Coal
EoN Karlshamn
Sweden - 5 MWth, Oil
AEP Mountaineer
Product Validation Facility
USA - 58 MWth, Coal
TCM Mongstad
Norway - 40 MWth, Cracker &
Gas (RCC & CHP)
AEP Mountaineer
Commercial Scale Project
US - >200 MWe, Coal
Turceni Feasibility
Romania - >200 MWe, Lignite
2016 2006 2008 2009
Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding Tests completed
Targeted In operation
Under construction
Selected for Norwegian State funding
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 16
Agenda
CCS solutions within Alstom
Why industrial CCS?
Norcem – CCS from cement production
Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery
Conclusion
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Norcem study: CCS from cement production
• Alstom and Norcem/Heidelberg Cement cooperation to
study CCS from cement
• 2 technologies evaluated:
− Chilled Ammonia Process, 1st generation
− Regenerative Calcium Cycle (RCC), i.e., carbonate looping;
2nd generation
• Both highly suitable for integration with cement plant:
waste heat usage possible
• Both technologies suitable for
application in cement off-gas:
− Resistant to contaminants
− Efficient at high CO2 concentrations
(>20 vol %)
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 17
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Principle – integration with cement production
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 18
(quicklime)
Consumed limestone is used as quicklime in the cement process
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 19
Key features of RCC
• Competitive and sound post combustion capture
technology
• Heat input directly to RCC calciner: No additional
process steam consumer
• CO2 capture rate of > 80 to 90% achievable
• Consumed limestone is re-used (cement process)
• Optimization potential through integration
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 20
Agenda
CCS solutions within Alstom
Why industrial CCS?
Norcem – CCS from cement production
Chilled Ammonia at the Mongstad refinery
Conclusion
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 21
Conclusions
Alstom: a key partner in CCS!
• CO2 emissions from the industrial sector are significant and cannot be 100% substituted by renewables/nuclear
• Capturing CO2 emissions from the industrial sector is leading towards CO2 free industry
• Alstom is today developing and demonstrating CCS solutions highly suitable for industrial applications
• Alstom will demonstrate successful CO2 capture from a refinery in Norway in 2012 using CAP.
• Alstom is currently developing CO2 capture technologies and is on the good path to commercialise the technology by 2016
www.power.alstom.com
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
Carbon Capture – A Future Change or …, Messer Event - 21 Oct 2011 - P 23
Example from History Wet FGD Gypsum replaced natural Product
Will what happen on Gypsum hppen to CO2 as well?
Of the 60 million tons of gypsum produced worldwide, nearly half is made from synthetic gypsum
Natural gypsum resources are limited. Synthetic/chemical gypsum is alternative to non-renewable natural resource. Main sources: Desulfuration of flue gases, Phosphoric acid, other mineral acids (citric acid, etc.), the neutralization of acidic water (sulfuric acid) from the titanium dioxide industry.
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 24
Technology Demonstration Program
• Host facility same as Product Validation
Facility currently operating
• Larger CCS facility ~235 MW for 1.5 MtCO2 / yr
• FEED on going, scheduled mid/end 2011
• Project target: start operation in 2015
• Project selected by US DOE to receive CCPI
Round 3 funding under the American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act
– Total funding of $334
Chilled Ammonia Process Demonstration Facility at AEP Mountaineer
Selected by US DOE to receive CCPI Round 3 funding
Mountaineer Power Plant existing facility
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 25
Post-technology Large scale Facility at Keephills 3 - Canada
Project selected to receive Government fundings
Construction of Keephills 3 new coal-fired generating station
(host site)
Project Pioneer - Transalta - Alberta
• Keephills 3, new PC coal PP Edmonton - Alberta (on line in 2011)
• Phase 1: FEED 2008 –> 2011
• Targeted commissioning: 2015
• 1 Mt CO2/yr capture (>200 MWe eq). EOR storage targeted
• CAD778 million awarded in federal and provincial funding
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 26
Source: Vattenfall
Main features
• Existing plant, oxy on 250 MWe eq.
Gross per unit
• Location: 100 km SE of Berlin
• Lignite fuel
• Selected under EEPR programme
• Feasibility study completed by Alstom
on April 2009 for oxy-boiler and
subsequent FG cleaning.
Oxy-Combustion Process Potential for large demo Vattenfall - Jaenschwalde
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 27
CO2 transport and storage Storage basins
Storage prospectivity
Highly prospective
Prospective
Non-prospective
Onshore storage: Weyburn, Canada (2 Mt/y since
2000)
Transport:>5000km of CO2 pipelines (mainly US)
Offshore storage:Sleipner, Norway (1Mt/y
since 1996)
Snovit, Norway (0.7 Mt/y since 2007)
Onshore storage: In Salah, Algeria
(1.1Mt/y since 2004)
Storage potential shows good promises
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 28
Emissions CO2
(Gt/y)
2005 Ref 2030
1000 ppm
+6oC
Stabilize
emissions
550 ppm
+30C
Needed
path
450ppm
+20C max
Technology Mix
Efficiency
CCS
Efficiency: Plant
optimisation & retrofit
Wind and geothermal
N° 1 nuclear
(conventional islands)
& biomass
N° 1 hydro
Tidal
First CO2 capture demo
plant in the world
Alstom offers a portfolio of clean integrated solutions
Power sector-related CO2 emissions
Alstom’s answer to CO2 challenges
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 29
Coal, Gas, Hydro, Nuclear, Wind = Full
Power Systems Portfolio
TOTAL ORDER 2008/09
24.6 €bn
Power 16.5 €bn
67,1%
Transport 8.1 €bn
48,4%
Systems 11.9 €bn
48,4%
Service 4.6 €bn 18,7%
The Alstom Group: Power sector: a worldwide leader in its activities
N°1 in air quality
control systems
N°1 in services for electric utilities
N°1 in integrated
power plants
N°1 in hydro
power
N°1 in conventional
nuclear power island
Recent acquisition
of wind power
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 30
0
5
10
15
20
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Overview of CCS market potential Power CO2 reduction options
Depending scenarios, 0,5 to 2 GtCO2 avoided is needed
through CCS to reduce substantially emissions by 2030
Source: Alstom, adapted from IEA WEO 2009 scenario
Power generation CO2 emissions
GT CO2
Reduced demand
Nuclear, renewable
Needed
path:Scientific
community target
450 ppm / +2°C
max
Reference scenario
CCS (Retrofit and New) More efficient fossil plants
© ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.
- Friday, 18 May 2012 - P 31
Capture
Transport
Storage
Several projects are
operational (e.g.,
Weyburn (Canada)).
EU has limited EOR
potential
US has existing
CO2 pipeline
network of more
than 5000
kilometers
Potential future
breakthrough
technologies
Component
technologies are
mature; integrated
platform to be
proven
Sleipner (Norway)
field has been
operational for
around 10 years
Have been used
for seasonal gas
storage for
decades
First projects
are coming
online now
Chemical looping Chilled Ammonia
Saline
aquifers
CO2-
EOR
Transport
Off-shore
Transport
On-shore
Membranes Advanced Amine
CO2- EGR Depleted oil
and gas fields
Concept Lab testing Demonstration Commercial
refinements needed
Commercial
Antisublimation Oxy
High surface solids,
enzyme,algae, solid absorbent
Status of CCS development
Ca
ptu
re
Tra
ns
po
rt &
Sto
rag
e
Source: Adapted from McKinsey