Overview• Health Effects of Air Pollution- Indoor & Outdooro Disease Burden- Indoor & Outdoor
• Outdoor Air Pollutiono Guidelines, Legislation & Agreementso Precautionary Principle
• Indoor Air Pollution o Disease Burdeno Energy Laddero Solutions
Health Effects of Air Pollution
Lung, nasopharyngeal,
Laryngeal CAIHD
Low birth weightAdverse pregnancy
outcomes
EU LegislationThe Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe (CAFE) Directive was transposed into Irish legislation by the Air Quality Standards Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 180 of 2011).
International: Kyoto Protocol 37 industrialized countries and the European Community have committed to reducing their
emissions by an average of 5 percent against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012.
Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) Statistics
• 3 billion people cook and heat their homes burning biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal.
• 2 million deaths annually • 41 million disability adjusted life years worldwide 2008.• 2.7 % global burden of disease• 56% of IAP deaths among children under five• 1 million people a year die from chronic obstructive respiratory
disease (COPD) due to indoor air pollution• Both women and men exposed to heavy indoor smoke are 2-3
times more likely to develop COPD.• Kills 1 person every 16 seconds
Source: World Health Organisation 2006
Disease burden (DALYs) due to indoor air pollution by level of development - 2004
Source: World Health Organisation 2004
Coming clean: modern fuels, modern stoves UN Sustainable Energy for All
3 objectives to be achieved by 2030 1. Providing universal access to modern energy
services.2. Doubling the global rate of improvement in energy
efficiency.3. Doubling the share of renewable energy in the global
energy mix.
References
• Bruce, N, Perez-Padilla, R & Albalak, R. (2000) The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000, 78:1078–1092.
• McMichael, A.J (2000)The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalisation: issues for developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 78, 1117- 11126.
• Smith, K.R (1993) Fuel Combustion Air Pollution, Exposure and Health: the Situation in Developing Countries, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 18: 529-566.
• Sovacool, B (2012) The Political economy of energy poverty: A review of key challenges, Energy for Sustainable Development, 16 (2012) 272-282.
• United Nations Development Program. (2010) Human development report 2010. New York: United Nations.
• United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (available on http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/about-us, last visited 11th November 2012)
• World Health Organization. (2002) .World Health Report 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization.
• World Health Organization (2004) Outdoor Air Pollution, Assessing the environmental Burden of Disease at National and Local level, Geneva: World Health Organization
• World Health Organization (2005) WHO air quality guidelines: global update 2005. Geneva: World Health Organization (available on: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair_aqg/en/, last visited 9th November 2012)
• World Health Organization (2012) Global Burden of Disease due to indoor air pollution. Geneva: World Health Organization( available on: http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/burden_global/en/, last visited 11th November 2012)
• World Health Organization (2006). Fuel for life: household energy and health. Geneva: World Health Organization