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z Based on altitude the regions of India can be divided into
different physiographic divisions.
z Topography, water, soil, climate, vegetation etc are the most
important factors that influence habitation in a place.
z The physiographic divisions of India are the great Himalayanranges, the Northern plains, the Peninsular plateau and the
coastal plains.
z Indian rivers can be classified as Himalayan Rivers and
Peninsular Rivers.
z Different types of soils are distributed in India.
z India can be divided into different regions based on the
amount of rainfall.
What you have to learn
INDIA -
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
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figure5.2
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
AndhraPradesh
KarnatakaGoa
Maharashtra
Orissa
West
Bengal
Chh
attis
garh
MadhyapradeshGujarat
Rajasthan
Punjab
Haryana
Jammu Kashmir
HimachalPradesh
Uttaranchal
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Jharkhand
Sikkim
Assam
Arunac
hal
Prades
h
Nagaland
MeghalayaManipur
MizoramTrip
ura
INDIA
States
International BoundaryState BoundaryPondicherry
Nepal Bhutan
Bangladesh
ChinaTibet
Arabian Sea
Pak
istan
Lakshadweep
Afghanistan
Bay of Bengal
Indian Ocean
Myanmar
Andamanan
d
Nico
barIsla
nds
Sri Lanka
Chandigarh
PP
Pondicherry
P
Daman and Diu
Dadra & Nagar
Haveli
vNewDelhiDelhi
72o 80o 84o76o
88o 92o
72o 80o 84o76o
88o 92o68o
92o
8o
12o
16o
20o
24o
28o
32o
36o
8o
12o
16o
20o
24o
28o
32o
36o
Indira Point
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
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Social Science II
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
{Sri Lanka
Nepal
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Myanmar
China
TibetPak
istan
Lakshadweep
INDIA
Physiography
Afghanistan
Indian Ocean
Andamanand
Nico
barIsla
nds
Northern Mountain region
Great plains of the North
Peninsular plateau
Coastal plains
figure5.3
NorthGreatPlains
Penins
ularplat
eau
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
North
ernM
ountainr
egion
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The height of the mountain ranges
gradually decrease as they approach the
eastern parts of the Northern mountainous
regions. This region with an average height of
500m to 3000m above MSL is known as the
Eastern highlands (Purvachal). The thickly
forested Khasi-Jaintia hills in this region are
the worlds rainiest (wettest) spots.
Greater/Inner Himalayas
z The highest mountain range
of the Himalayas.
z Under perpetual snow, these
ranges have an average
height of about 6000m.
z Mountain peaks with a height
of more than 8000m aresituated in this mountain
range. (Eg: Kanchenjunga-
8595m, Nangaparbat-
8126m)
z The source of Ganges and
Yamuna
Lesser/Middle Himalayas
z Situated to the south of the
Himadri
z Average height is above
3000m
z Many health resorts are situ-
ated on the southern slope of
the mountain range, eg:Shimla, Darjeeling.
Outer/Lower Himalayas
z This is the outer most range,
situated on the south of the
lesser Himalayas.
z These discontinuous ranges
join the lesser Himalayas in
the extreme east.
z Its average height is about1200m
z There are several elongated
and flat valleys running
parallel to the mountain
ranges. They are called
duns. (Eg: Dehradun)
Table5.1
figure5.4
Pamir
Karakoram
LadakhZaskerHimadri
Himachal
Siwalik
Hindukush Kunlun
KailasRage
Sulaim
an
Ranges
Khasi Garo
Jaintia hills Nag
aHill
s
Northern MountainRanges
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C H I N AP A K I S T A N
MYANMAR
BHUTAN
N
EP
AL
Indu
sNew Delhi
Jaipur
Ahmadabad
Lucknow
Nagpur
Calcutta
Pune
Hyderabad
MadrasBangalore
Madurai
Colombo
Bhopol
Indore
Agra
Cuttack
Gauhati
ImphalCha
mba
l
Yamuna
Narmad
a
W
e
s
t
e
r
n
G
h
a
t
s
E
a
s
t
e
r
n
Gh
a
t
s
In
du
s
Pl
a
i
n
Gre
atIndi
anDes
ert
S a t p u ra
R an g
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I N D I A
D e c c a n
P l a t e a u
A
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d
a
m
a
n
S
e
a
B a y
o f
B e n g a l
L
a
c
c
a
d
iv
e
S
e
aREPUPLIC
OF
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Andaman
Islands
Nicobar
Islands
Co
r
om
a
n
d
e
l
C
o
a
s
t
M
a
la
b
a
r
Co
a
s
t
Ga
ng
es
Pl
a i n
Ganga
Gan ges Rive
rD
elt a
Mahan adi
Godavari
Krishna
Coleroon
Bombay
Patna
SutlejI
ndu
s
8 8
72
72
MAP NO. 3665 UNITED NATIONSJANUA RY 1992
76 80 84 88 92
76 80 84 88 92 96
12
16
20
28
12
16
20
24
28
The boundaries and names shown on this m ap do not im ply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
Yar lung Zangbo
Brah
maput r
aThimphu
BANGLADESH24
Yam
ana
PHYSICAL FEATURES
OF INDIA
Kathmandu
H
i
m
a
la y a
s
V i n d h ya
Ra n
g
e
C h o t a N a g p u r
P l a t e a u
(Ganges)
Dhaka
Kanpur
0
0
100 200 300
100 200 300 mi
500 km400SRI LANKA
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Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
Indian Ocean
Sri Lanka
Nepal Bhutan
Bangladeshv
Myanmar
China
Tibet
Paki
stan
Lakshadweep
Andama
nand
Nico
bar
Islands
Afghanistan
figure5.5
Indus
Jhelum
Chenab
Ravi Beas
Satlej
GangaYam
una
Chambal
Ken
Son
GomathyGhaghara
Gandak K
osi
Damodar
Betw
aBr
ahma
putra
Hoogly
Tista ManasSubansiri
Luhith
Mahanadi
Krishna
Godavari
Cauvery
Narmada
Tapi
INDIA
Rivers
Periya
r
Tungab
hadra
Godavari
Penganga
Luni
Wula
rlake
Gangothri
lakeManasarovarTsangpo
Ganga
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
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Social Science II
Figure5.6
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
Sri Lanka
Nepal
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Myanmar
ChinaTibetPak
istan
Lakshadweep
Afghanistan
Indian Ocean
INDIAPeninsular Plateau
Andaman
and
NicobarIs
lands
Araval
liRang
e
Malwa plateau
Vindhyarange
Satpurarange
SatmalaAjantha hills
Mahadevh
ills
Maikalr
ange
Rajmahal
hillsBundelkhand
Baghelkhand
BalaghatrangeMah
arasht
rap
lateau
Telan
gana
plateau
Karnat
akaplatea
u
Deccan
plateau
NilgirihillsAnamudiWesternghats
Easternghats
Chhattis
garhpl
ateau
Kachchhpenin
sula
Kathiawar
Peninsula
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
Chota Nagpurplateau
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Figure5.7
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
{Sri Lanka
Nepal
Bhutan
BangladeshMyanmar
China
TibetPa
kistan
Lakshadweep
INDIA
South West MonsoonSeason
Afghanistan
Indian Ocean
Andamana
nd
Nico
barIsla
nds
June1
June5
June10
June15
July1
July15
July15July 1
June15
June10
June5
June1
South
west
monsoon
South
west
mon
soon
Thiruvananthapuram
ChennaiBangalore
Hyderabad
Goa
Mumbai
Nagpur
BhopalAhmedabad
Bhubaneswar
Jaipur Lucknow
Patna
Kolkata
Delhi
Chandigarh
Dacca
Shillong
Imphal
Srinagar
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
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Figure5.8
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
Sri Lanka
N
epal Bhutan
Bangladesh
Myanmar
ChinaTibet
Paki
stan
Lakshadweep
Afghanistan
Indian Ocean
Andamana
nd
Nico
barIsla
nds
INDIA
North East MonsoonSeason
Thiruvananthapuram
Chennai
Bangalore
Hyderabad
Goa
Mumbai
Nagpur
Bhopal
Ahmedabad
Bhubaneswar
JaipurLucknow
Patna
Kolkata
Delhi
Chandigarh
Dacca
Shillong
Imphal
Srinagar
December15
Decemb
er1
Novem
ber15Nove
mbe
r1
Octob
er15
October1
Septem
ber15
Septem
ber1
Sep
tember1
Septem
ber1
5
Octo
ber1
October15November1
November15December1
North
East
Monsoon
North
East
Monsoon
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
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Figure5.9
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
Sri Lanka
Nepal
`qm
Bangladesh
Myanmar
China
Tibet
Paki
stan
Lakshadweep
Afghanistan
Indian Ocean
INDIADistribution of
Rainfall
Andaman
and
NicobarIs
lands
Bhutan
More than 200cm100-200cm60-100 cmLess than 60cm
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003
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Struttura delleconomia indiana
DATI PRINCIPALI
Superficie 3.287.263 Kmq
Popolazione 1.027.015.000 ultimo censimento Marzo ' 01, ma la stimaa luglio 2006 era di 1.095.000.000
Forma istituzionale Repubblica federale di 29 stati e 6 territori dellUnione
Unita monetaria Rupia Indiana (la convertibilit limitata alle partite correntieccezion fatta per gli investitori stranieri)
Anno fiscale 1 aprile 31 marzo
Misure Sistema metrico decimale. Numeri frequentemente espressiinLAKHS(100.000) e CRORES(10 mln)
Lingua Sono diffusi 18 principali idiomi. LHINDI il pi diffusoparlato dal 38% della popolazione, mentre linglese comunemente usato nel mondo economico.
Religione Induisti (82%), Musulmani (12.1%), Cristiani (2.3%),Sikh (1.9%), alter (1.7%)
Sede di governo New Delhi
FONTE: EIU, Indian Economic Survey 2002-2003
QUADRO ECONOMICO DI BASE, INDICATORI GENERALI 1999-2003
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004*
PIL a prezzi correnti(mld Rupie) 19.369 20.589 22.821 24.695 26.525
PIL a prezzi correnti (mldUS$) 444,4 450,7 478,5 510,2 571,4
Variazione annuale del PILreale (%) 7,1 3,9 5,1 4,6 8,1 7,3
Inflazione media prezzi
al consumo ( %) 4,7 4 3,8 4,3 3,8 4,4Popolazione (mln) 997,9 1,014,00 1.030,00 1.045,80 1.061,60
Riserve valutarie esclusooro (mln US$) 32.667 37.902 45.871 67.666 98.903
Debito estero totale (mldUS$) 98,3 99,1 97,3 98 101,3 106,6
Tasso di cambio medioRs:US$ 43,06 44,94 47,19 48,61 46,58 45,51
Fonte: EIU Economist Intelligence Unit 2004* previsioni EIU