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Three critics at The Times discuss thisyear’s most argued-about movie, whichwas criticized even before any ticketshad been sold. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-8

The ‘Ghostbusters’ DebateThe highest-ranking police officercharged in the death of Freddie Graywas found not guilty, the fourth unsuc-cessful prosecution in the case. PAGE A17

NATIONAL A17-20

Baltimore Officer Acquitted

The day after five Dallas policeofficers were killed in an ambush,Montrell Jackson, a black policeofficer in Baton Rouge, La., took toFacebook to voice his frustration.

“I’m tired physically and emo-tionally,” he wrote, questioningthe “nasty hateful looks” he re-ceived as a police officer and the“threat” he felt when he was not inuniform. “When people you knowbegin to question your integrityyou realize that they don’t reallyknow you at all.”

But he was hopeful: “I’m work-ing these streets so any pro-testers, officers, friends, family, orwhoever, if you see me and need ahug or want to say a prayer. I gotyou.”

Less than two weeks later, hewas dead, along with two other of-ficers, killed by another gunmantargeting police officers. In each ofthe attacks on officers, the assail-ant was black, seemingly intent onavenging the recent deaths ofcivilians killed by police officers inBaton Rouge and Falcon Heights,Minn.

Officer Jackson’s haunting re-flections before he died echo theparticular strain of anguish facingblack police officers around thecountry as the nation wrestleswith the aftermath of killings in-volving the police.

The deaths, the ensuingprotests and the fatal attacks onpolice officers in Dallas and Baton

Black Officers

Feel Inner Tug

Of a Dual Role

By NIKITA STEWART

Continued on Page A18

CLEVELAND — Rancor andhard-edged attacks dominatedthe start of the Republican Na-tional Convention on Monday asspeakers branded Hillary Clintonas a liar who deserved to be inprison and two African-AmericanRepublicans ridiculed the BlackLives Matter movement.

The divisive day even swept upthe presumptive nominee, DonaldJ. Trump. Renegade delegatesforced a floor fight in an effort toembarrass him, and his top aidecalled Ohio’s governor “petulant”for not endorsing Mr. Trump.

The House speaker, Paul D.Ryan, who is the chairman of theconvention, also distanced him-self from Mr. Trump’s approach toracial unrest and from one of hissignature proposals.

The unusual jousting amongRepublicans at their own conven-tion gave way to more traditional,fiery speeches aimed at Demo-cratic leaders, Mrs. Clinton andPresident Obama. The most im-passioned remarks came from for-

G.O.P. Is OffTo Fiery StartAt Convention

By JONATHAN MARTINand PATRICK HEALY

Continued on Page A14

Donald J. Trump with his wife, Melania, who took the stage in Cleveland on Monday night to attest to his “simple goodness.”

DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES

ISTANBUL — The Turkish gov-ernment’s crackdown after a mili-tary coup attempt widened into asweeping purge on Monday, cut-ting a swath through the securityservices and reaching deeply intothe government bureaucracy andthe political and business classes.

The sheer numbers being de-tained or dismissed were stun-ning: nearly 18,000 in all, includ-ing 6,000 members of the military,almost 9,000 police officers, asmany as 3,000 judges, 30 gover-nors and one-third of all generalsand admirals, as well as PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdogan’s own mili-tary attaché.

The magnitude of the backlashby Mr. Erdogan suggested that

the depth of support for the coupwas far greater than it initially ap-peared, or that the president wasusing the opportunity to root outall perceived adversaries, or both.

As hopes faded that Mr. Erdo-gan would try to use the momentto unite the country, insteadtaking a security-first approach,Western allies began to express

Vast Purge in Turkey as Thousands Are Detained

This article is by Tim Arango, Cey-lan Yeginsu and Ben Hubbard.

Continued on Page A8

VILLE DE NICE, VIA AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

A moment of silence on Monday in Nice, France, for victims of the truck attack last week. Page A6.

Paying Respects, Together

BATON ROUGE, La. — Hejoined the Marines, served in Iraqand earned a Good Conduct Med-al. He was an entrepreneur, a self-published author, a nutrition andfitness counselor, a proponent ofthe American gospel of self-im-provement. He considered him-self a lifestyle coach, even thoughhe had failed in marriage, ne-glected to pay his taxes and was,at one point, living on $500 permonth. He had also embarked on aspiritual quest to find his roots asa black man, traveling around Af-rica for two years.

But Gavin Long’s life also be-came a web of paranoid ideas, aprofessed allegiance to an anti-government “sovereign citizen”group and a belief that bloodshedwas a better tool than peacefulprotest in the fight against oppres-sion.

On Sunday, Mr. Long died in aparking lot just off a commercialstreet here in a shootout with thepolice. It was his 29th birthday. Hekilled three law enforcement offi-cers and wounded three others.On Monday, law enforcement offi-cials said Mr. Long had targetedofficers, though his motives other-wise remained murky.

Mr. Long had been a resident ofKansas City, Mo., and it is unclearwhat he was doing in BatonRouge, though a video that ap-pears to have been posted by himshows him in the Louisiana capitaldiscussing the July 5 fatal policeshooting of a fellow African-Amer-ican man, Alton B. Sterling, here.

Though the police here have re-

leased little information about Mr.Long, a deeper portrait is begin-ning to emerge, based on a largetrail left online.

Many of these digital breadcrumbs — web posts, YouTubevideos and podcasts — are tied toMr. Long’s given name, or someversion of a new name, CosmoAusar Setepenra, which he filedcourt documents in Missouri toadopt in May 2015. (He never peti-tioned the court, so the namechange was not legally binding,officials said.) Some of these postsand videos included biographicaland personal information thataligned with the information re-leased by the authorities.

In an interview with a podcasthost in March, Mr. Long identifiedhimself as a member of the onlinecommunity of so-called targetedindividuals, people who believethey are being harassed with

ONLINE FOOTPRINT

BUILDS PORTRAIT

OF GUNMAN’S LIFE

Killer of 3 Officers in Baton Rouge Professed

a Belief in Bloodshed Over Protest

This article is by Richard Fausset,Frances Robles and John Eligon.

Gavin Long in a YouTube vid-eo that was posted on July 10.

GAVIN LONG/YOUTUBE, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS

Continued on Page A19

CLEVELAND — Let Trump beTrump, his aides have alwaysinsisted. And let his conventionserve as an unapologetic tributeto his singular, erratic, untamedpersona.

“I want,” the candidate hasoften said, “to be myself.”

But on the opening night of theRepublican National Conventionhere on Monday, Donald J.Trump was conspicuously tryingto conjure somebody else: Rich-ard M. Nixon.

In an evening of severespeeches evoking the tone andthemes of Nixon’s successful 1968campaign, Mr. Trump’s allies andaides proudly portrayed him asthe heir to the disgraced formerpresident’s law-and-order mes-sage, his mastery of politicalself-reinvention and his rebukesof overreaching liberal govern-ment.

It was a remarkable embrace— open and unhesitating — ofNixon’s polarizing campaigntactics, and of his overt appealsto Americans frightened by achaotic stew of war, massprotests and racial unrest.

And it demonstrated that Mr.

Trump sees the path to victorythis fall as the exploitation of thecountry’s anxieties about race,its fears of terrorism and itsmood of disaffection, especiallyamong white, working-classAmericans.

In a startling disclosure on thefirst day of the convention, Mr.Trump’s campaign chairman,Paul Manafort, declared that thecandidate was using, as thetemplate for his own prime-timespeech accepting the Republican

nomination, Nixon’s conventionaddress 48 years ago in MiamiBeach. “If you go back and read,”Mr. Manafort said at a Bloom-berg News breakfast, “thatspeech is pretty much on linewith a lot of the issues that aregoing on today.”

Mr. Trump himself, in an inter-view, drew explicit comparisonsbetween his candidacy andNixon’s, and between the currentpolitical climate and that of the

In Trump’s Voice, It’s a New New Nixon

NEWS ANALYSIS

By MICHAEL BARBAROand ALEXANDER BURNS

Continued on Page A13

TORONTO — The world’s lead-ing antidoping officials on Mon-day called for Russia to be barredfrom this summer’s Rio Games af-ter a damning report confirmed aRussian whistle-blower’s claimsof government-ordered cheatingat the 2014 Sochi Olympics.

The request by antidoping offi-cials was extraordinary, if not un-precedented, in the history of theOlympics. President Vladimir V.Putin responded defiantly as thepossibility emerged that the Rus-sian flag would not appear at theopening ceremony on Aug. 5 inRio de Janeiro.

While announcing that the Rus-

sian sports officials named in thereport would be “temporarily sus-pended,” Mr. Putin on Mondayasked for “fuller, more objectiveinformation that is based onfacts.”

“Today we see a dangerous re-lapse of politics intruding intosports,” he said in a statement.

Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, Rus-sia’s former antidoping lab direc-tor, told The New York Times inMay that he covered up the use ofperformance-enhancing drugs byRussian Olympians at the SochiGames, and that he did so under

Rio Without Russians? Perhaps

By REBECCA R. RUIZ

Continued on Page B11

A new study comes closest so far toexplaining to scientists two ways inwhich the virus may be able to crossfrom the bloodstream through theplacenta. PAGE A9

Zika’s Journey to the Womb

Prime Minister Theresa May secured aparliamentary vote to update Britain’snuclear arsenal, a move aimed atstressing a commitment to remaining aglobal power despite a decision to leavethe European Union. PAGE A10

INTERNATIONAL A4-10

May Succeeds on Nuclear VoteIt’s not always the weather that holdsyou up. Airlines check even a brokencoffee maker to make sure it’s not asign of bigger trouble. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-6

Flight Delay? It’s Complicated

Above the surface, synchronized swim-ming resembles a ballet; below it, thesport is full of kicks and crashes thatcan lead to concussions. PAGE B7

SPORTSTUESDAY B7-11

Elegant Sport’s Hidden Danger

David Brooks PAGE A27

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27

Algal blooms, including the recentdisaster in Florida, are occurring withincreasing frequency. PAGE D1

SCIENCE TIMES D1-6

A Growing, Toxic Mess

The assailant, a 17-year-old Afghanyouth who entered Germany as a mi-grant last year, was killed by the policeafter four passengers were wounded.Others were treated for shock. PAGE A7

Ax Attack on German Train

VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,298 + © 2016 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, TUESDAY, JULY 19, 2016

Late Edition

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Today, sunshine, a few clouds, lesshumid, high 86. Tonight, clear,moonlit, low 66. Tomorrow, plenty ofsunshine, low humidity, high 83.Weather map appears on Page A24.