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Learning in early stages of life provides a better foundation for learning later in life. Investment in the earlier stages of childhood increases the productivity for the rest of your life.

The rate of return to a dollar of investment made while a person is younger is higher than the rate of return for the same dollar made later in life.

A bright start

Early childhood education increases the likelihood of graduating from high school and higher lifetime earnings

A Breakdown of Early Childhood Education from around the World

Source: www.wcif.org

Source: http://www.babycenter.com/0_choosing-to-stay-home_453.bc, http://www.babycenter.com/0_staying-at-home-pros-and-cons_6025.bc http://www.wikihow.com/Enjoy-Being-a-Stay-at-Home-Mom, http://www.census.gov/hhes/fertility/data/cps/2010.html,

http://www.oprah.com/money/Flexible-Jobs-for-Women/1, http://www.careerpath.com/career-advice/5-family-friendly-careershttp://www.careerpath.com/career-advice/how-mothers-can-balance-work-and-family

The braingrows most during

the first 3 years of life.Pruning of nerve

connections beginsafter 12 months,

when synapses thataren’t used disconnect

and wither.

This means that much of the e�ort in nurturing

and education must be put forth before children reach

their fourth birthday.

When they are awake and with their parents,1- and 2-year-old American children

hear an average of:

Rates of return on investing in human capital through education and training

During these early years, a parent should to talk to their children on a regular basis.

Adults (at age 40) who participated in a pre-school program when they were young have higher earnings and are more likely to hold a good job.

The study was conducted over four decades by David P. Weikart and Larry Schweinhart.

The staff studied the same groups of children every year from age 3 to age 11, and again at ages 14, 15, 19 and 27.

The effects of high quality programs were strongest for low-income familiesand for children whose parents did not havea college degree.

The return to societyis more than $16 for every tax dollar invested in the earlychild care and education program.

RATE OF RETURNTO INVESTMENT

IN HUMANCAPITAL

0

Pre-school programs

Schooling

Job training

AGE

Pre-school School Post-school

Children who get the attention they need early in life do better in school, and are likely to have higher long-term earnings, a better social status, and a happier life.

THE IMPORTANCE OF

340UTTERANCES

PER HOUR

1,440WORDS

PER HOUR

90QUESTIONSPER HOUR

7REPRIMANDS

PER HOUR

...

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apple

Babies grow, learn, and develop rapidly when they receive

love, attention, encouragement, and mental stimulation, as well as nutrition

meals and good health

care.

Two studies from 2003, one conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the other by the Institute of Child Development of the University of Minnesota, found that:

55%

Mothers witha recent birth

(less than 1 year)who were

in the labor forcein 2010.

72%

Mothers withchildren over 1 year

old who werein the labor force

in 2010.About the same as childless women,but they were 39% in 1976

Family day care,health andfamily services

AGE OF CHILDREN

Australia Accredited centers and family day care cover up to 61.5% of 4 year olds and ≈ 24.6% of 0-3 year olds

Kindergarten or reception class enrolls 17% of 4 year olds; 84% of 5 year olds

Compulsoryschoolbeginsat 6

France Family day care for 18% of 0-3 year olds, day cares 8% and other licensed arrangements provide for 6%of children

The pre-school enrols 35%2 year olds and almost all3 year olds. The entitlementis free since 2003


Italy Day care cover 18.7% of 0-3 year olds.Most children either in family or other informalsettings

The pre-schoolcovers 70-90% of childrenfrom age 3 (dependson region)


Finland Family day care and municipal early development centerstogether cover 27.5% of 1-2 year olds, 44% of 2-3 year olds, and 73% by age 5, with 54% in family day care and 46% in centers

Pre-school:enrols 96% of 6-7 year olds


Germany Day care centers cover 37% in formerE. Germany, and ≈ 3%of 0-3 year olds in formerW. Germany (8.6% of 0-3 year olds nationally)

Kindergarten covers 90%of 3-6 year olds, generallyfull-day in formerE. Germany


Canada Lack of precise data on 0-4 year olds.Excepting Quebec (enrolling 38% of 0-4 year olds), state support is weak, many private and unsupervised arrangements.

Junior K: 40% of 4-5 year olds in Ontario; 50%+ in Quebec

Kindergarten:95% of 5-6year oldsenrolled


birth1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pre-school and other services, provided by the government

Compulsory primaryor pre-schooleducation services

Mix of services, some provided by the government

Predominantly private child carecenters and family day care centersprovide for 50% of 0-3 year olds, but under gov’t responsibility

40% of 3-4 year olds and 70% of 4-5 year olds enrolled in educational programs, including pre-K, private kindergarten, Head Start, and others

Over 80%are enrolledinstate-fundedkindergarten


UnitedStates

Predominantly private nurseries carefor 26% of 0-3 year olds,but under gov’t responsibility

Nurseriescovers 95%of 3-4 year olds

Receptionclass enrolls ≈ 100% of 4-5 year olds


UnitedKingdom

Family day care for 8% of childrenFull-day kindergarten enrolls 45% of 1-2 year olds; 86% of 2-3 year olds; 91% of 4-5 year olds;96% of 5-6 year olds

Compulsoryschoolat 7

Sweden

Some expertsin early childhooddevelopment believethere's no substitute forthe nurturing in�uenceof a mother, especiallyif the alternative isan unstructured daycare environment.

Developand implementa schedulethat includes yourdaily routines.

Connect witha local mom's groupfor mothers with childrenof similar ages.

DELAWARE

Stop trying to doeverything.Pursuing an impossiblede�nition of “perfection” isexhausting.

Refuel. Schedule"mom time" on thecalendar at least oncea week. If you are a stay-at-home mom, you arein "give" mode the majority of the time, and this can be di�cult to sustain.

States with higherthan average (10%)levels of newmotherswho wereunemployed, 2008

Children area lot of work,but they are also loadsof fun. Don't allowyourself to getso overwhelmedby the work that you forget to enjoy your children.

What the experts say

Kids who spentall dayin daycarehad higher levelsof stress and moreaggression than kidscared for at home.

Follow-upresearch in 2010con�rmed theseresults, showing thecontinued negativeimpact of low-qualitydaycare on youngchildren, even after theyreached adolescence.

Flexible schedules make it possible for women to work from home on a full-time or part-time basis. In many cases, this can improve the quality of both a women’s home and work life.

Many companiesallow their employeesto work from home oneor more days per week,through telecommuting.

As more babyboomers retire anda worker shortageensues, �exibleschedules will becomemore common in American companies.

Finding Balance for Your Children and Yourself

Working Moms and Unemployed Moms

Stay-at-Home Moms: Nurturing and Developing Young Minds

Making a Family-Friendly Career Work for You

Stay-at-Home Moms in the U.S.

Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),www.highscope.org

Source: Survey of Income and ProgramParticipation, unpublished tabulations

Source: America's Familiesand Living Arrangements Table SHP-1

Source: America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2007

Compared with other moms, stay-at-home moms in 2007 were more likely:

Estimated numberof mothersin the United Statesin 2009.

Estimated numberof Stay-at-Home Momsin the United Statesin 2011.

They were...5.3 million in 2008

5.1 million in 2009

23%

of marriedcouple

family groupswith children

under 15had a stay-

at-home motherin 2011

Younger Hispanic Foreign-born Living with achild under age 5

44% were underage 35

comparedwith 38% of mothers

in the labor force

27% comparedwith 16%

of mothersin the labor force





NHVR

ALABAMA

ARKANSAS

ALASKA HAWAII

MICHIGAN

NORTH DAKOTA

SOUTHCAROLINA

65%

In the group who receivedhigh-quality early education

of participantsgraduated from high school

graduatedfrom high school

... while in thenon-program group

... the di�erences were most dramatic for female participants

only 45%

85.4million

5 million

84% 32%vs.

43%

of working momsare willing to take

a pay cut if it allowsthem to spend more

time with theirchildren.

34%

Of those willing to take the pay cutare willing to give up

10% or more of their salaries.

of working moms takeadvantage of �exiblework arrangementsat their organizations

55%

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