Koen Vanthournout, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)
Jan Van Ooteghem, Ghent University / iMinds
208/11/12
LINEAR
“Local Intelligent Networks and Energy Active Regions”
1. Flemish Government decision ‘dd. 8 mei 2009 VR 2009 0805 DOC.0671’
2. Official start: May 2009. Project runs until December 2014.
3. Total budget of 40M€: – Flemish government: 10M€– Industry: 30M€ (personnel, hardware, ...)
www.linear-smartgrid.be
308/11/12
Linear situated
• Increased share of intermittent renewables• Electrification of transport and heating• Stabilization/decrease classical production portfolio
⇒ Energy excesses and shortages⇒ Grid capacity issues
⇒ storage⇒ “consumption follows production” (i.e., demand response)
Classical control paradigm“production follows consumption”
no longer holds
Linear focuses onResidential Demand Response
408/11/12
Research Partners
Industrial Partners
Additional Members Steering Committee
Flemish Government
Partners
508/11/12
Core: large scale residential DR pilot
1. Focus on automated ‘smart’ devices.
2. Keep technical targets and BCs hidden for the user.
3. Keep interaction simple and stimulate good behavior financially.
Residential demand response with as little impact on the user comfort as possible
608/11/12
Linear Smart Devices
• Washing machines• Dishwashers• Tumble dryers• Electric hot water buffers• (Electrical vehicles)• (Heat pumps)
708/11/12
ServerFifthplay
TouchDisplay
Energy meas.
PlugsNetwork
…
Linear Server
VITO DHW buffer
GW GW GW GW
Mieledish
washer
BSH dish
washer
Mielewash.
machine
Mieletumble dryer
BSH wash mach
VITO controller
MieleGW
Smart Meter
Transformer measurements Historic
BC data
EV
Linear Control architecture
• One business case at the time • # aggregators with # control technology• Generic interfaces for smart devices• P1 smart meter interface definition• Interface definition between aggregator and user flexibility
Integration tests in lab ongoing, tests started at friendly users
Smart plug
GWINTERNETHOME
808/11/12
250 participating families
3 groups Friendly users Geographically dispersed
Geographically concentrated
Focus Technical testing BRP cases DSO cases, link with smart meter projects
Target 30 100 120Contract signed 33 81 13
Smart devices installed
25 203 25
Status Integration tests started
• Installed• Reference measurements ongoing• 15 HP owners in recruitment pipeline
Recruitment and installation ongoing in Hombeek& Leest (Eandis) and Genk (Infrax)
908/11/12
Use DEMAND RESPONSE for:
1. Portfolio Management Shift consumption in function of the day ahead market (corrected for 2020
production mix)
2. (Wind) Intraday balancing Shift consumption in function of the quarter hour unbalance of a BRP portfolio
3. Transformer aging Shift consumption to avoid accelerated aging due to high transformer temperatures
4. Voltage control for LV distribution feeders Shift consumption based on local voltage measurements to ameliorate voltage line
deviation
BRP/Retailer
BRP/Retailer
DSO
DSO
Linear Business Cases
1008/11/12
Linear - business cases
LV transformer loadFuture distribution grid:• More residential consumption
=> higher offtake peaks on LV transformers• More intermittent (renewable) generation
=> injection peaks on LV transformersÞ Aging of transformer will be accelerated during
these peak periods (increase of temperature)Þ If DSOs succeed in controlling temperature of LV transformer,
they are able to allow a higher share of local generation and extra demand without the need for new network investments
Objective: control the temperature on a transformer by the application of automated active demand to defer/decrease network (transformer) investments
Lifetime
Peakload
P1
Peakloadreduction due to DR
Deferrel ofInvestment
t1 t2
P2
1108/11/12
Linear - business cases
LV feeder voltage profileFuture distribution grid:• More residential consumption
=> voltage drops in feeders• More intermittent (renewable) generation
=> voltage increases in feedersÞ Predictability of the voltage profile of a feeder
decreasesÞ Situations can occur where the voltage levels
either become too high or too low
Objective: keep the voltage profile of the different LV lines within permitted limits by the application of automated AD (no coordinated local control at household level) to defer/decrease network (new lines / transformers) investments
Voltage profile with and without DG (Source: EELAB)
1208/11/12
Linear - business cases
Portfolio managementDynamic tariffs can be used to incentivize consumers to reschedule their consumptionTariffs used:• 6 time blocks a day• Based on Belpex DAM +
prediction sun/wind (scenario 2020)
• Communicated DA for the next day
Objective: coincide as much as possible periods with low generation costs (based on high availability of renewable generation by wind and/or sun) with consumption by applying dynamic tariffs to residential consumers
Dynamic Energy componentDistribution fee
Fixed Transmission feeCharges
1308/11/12
Linear - business cases
Wind balancing• BRP = responsible for the balance of
injection + offtake in their perimeter on a quarter-hourly basis
• TSO manages the instantaneous imbalances (that the BRPs are not able to control), by making use of power reserves
Þ Costs involved for making use of power reserves are transferred to the BRPs
Þ BRP with wind production in its portfolio: higher imbalance risk + higher imbalance cost
Objective: decrease the imbalance cost of the BRP by decreasing the unpredicted imbalance caused by wind production (intraday) in its portfolio by aggregating flexibility available at residential consumers’ premises (flexible cluster)
Balancing mechanism(Source: Elia)
1408/11/12
Linear - business cases
Control mechanism
DSO
LV transformer
load
LV feeder voltage profile
BRP/retailer
Portfolio management
Wind balancing
Automated active demand
Dynamic tariffs
Questions?Koen Vanthournout, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)
Jan Van Ooteghem, Ghent University / iMinds
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