Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
1/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Internet usage inPortuguese Prisional Establishments.
Reality or an Utopia?
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
2/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
In which way can access to the Internet by Portuguese inmates become a reality?
Which implications the usage of Internet in Portuguese Prisional Establishments would have in inmates lifes?
Reseach questions
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates in Portuguese Prisional Establishments
Portuguese Prisional System (social workers, teachers, etc.)
Participants/Objects of study
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
4/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
«the essential of punishment that we, judges, inflict don’t believe it consists in punishing; the essential is aiming to correct, reeducate, “cure“» (Foucault, 1975)
Prison
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
5/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
«reclusion is “invariable and inevitably an interruption, a reality between parenthesis.”» (Cunha, 2004)
Prison
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
6/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
«The notion of reintegration is based on the preservation of social bonds, family and marital relations.» (Cunha & Bastos, 2007)
Prison
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
7/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
«After the Portuguese Revolution in 1974 (April 25th), the inmate started being recognized as a citizen with the same rights as the common citizen, with the same duties and social rights.»
Portuguese Penal Legislation
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
8/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
« The 265/79 law of August 1st (1979), enunciates in the second article, under the theme “Purposes of the execution” that:
- the execution of penal measures must be oriented toward the inmates reintegration in society, preparing the inmate to, in future, lead his/her life in a responsible and crimeless way.»
Portuguese Penal Legislation
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
9/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
«In the same law, Definition of Execution of Freedom Measures parameters are determined.
“Life in prison should be as similar as life in freedom as it is possible, avoiding the negative consequences of life in prison.”;
Portuguese Penal Legislation
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
10/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
“Execution must, as much as possible, stimulate inmates participation in his/her own social reintegration (…)”»
Portuguese Penal Legislation
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
11/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
«The Technological Plan is a plan of promotion, development and competitive reinforcement of Portugal. The strategy of this plan is based upon three axis: knowledge, technology, and innovation.»
Portuguese Technological Society
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
12/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
“Evolution of computer and broad band Internet usage in portuguese homes”and “Usage of local and mobile broad band”.Source: Plano Tecnológico e Novas Oportunidades para o Sector, Rui Grilo, 2009.
Portuguese Technological Society
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
13/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Why don’t these two “worlds” become one?
Here’s a thought
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
14/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
And some questions
What would that do for inmates reintegration?
How would it contribute for a crimeless life?
In which way would it benefit Portuguese society?
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
15/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
The Inmates
Field work
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
16/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates sample
Note: Total of 206 participating inmates. (Aveiro inmates questionaries not included due to delay in data treatement.)
26.
0.
18.
28.
28.
Distribution of Inquired Inmates by Prisional Establishment (%)
Porto (#54)
Aveiro (#0)
Leiria (#38)
Coimbra (#57)
Tires (#57)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
17/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates sample
8.
92.
Distribution of Inquired Inmates by Gender (%)
FEMININE
MASCULINE
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
18/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
27
36
16
10
01
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
18to28yearsold 29to39yearsold 40to49yearsold 50to59yearsold 60to69yearsold 70to79yearsold Noanswer
Inmates Distribution by Age (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
19/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
2
14
19
43
15
5
2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Don't know how to read or write
1st Degree - 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years, or Old 4th Portuguese Degree
2nd Degree - 5th and 6th years
3º Degree - 7th, 8th e 9th years
High School - 10th, 11th e 12th years
Other Graduation - Profissional Degree Course
University
No answer
Education (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
20/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
50
14
18
14
3 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Single Married Living together Divorced Widower No answer
Marital Status (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
21/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
5
11
19
25
13
8
5
3
1 2
0 0
2
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Living
alone
Living
with 1
person
Living
with 2
people
Living
with 3
people
Living
with 4
people
Living
with 5
people
Living
with 6
people
Living
with 7
people
Living
with 8
people
Living
with 9
people
Living
with 10
people
Living
with 11
people
Living
with 12
people
No
answer
Family Units Dimension (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
22/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
3
31
25
8
17
4
0,25 1 0,25 0,25 1 0,25
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Non
e (0
)
Few (1
to 5
)
Some
(6 to
15)
Man
y (1
6 to
50)
Num
erou
s (5
1 to
99)
Hun
dreds
(mor
e th
an 1
00)
1000
Doe
sn't
know
Kno
wing
man
y peo
ple
Enoug
h
Sever
al
Innu
mer
able
No
answ
er
Friends Network Dimension (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
23/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
8
11
20
7 9
8
17
14
11
8 7
5 3
1 2
1
4 3
2 2 1 1
2 0
2 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0
5
10
15
20
25 1 t
o 6
mo
nth
s
7 m
onth
s t
o 1
year
Mo
re t
han 1
year
Mo
re t
han 2
year
Mo
re t
han 3
year
Mo
re t
han 4
year
Mo
re t
han 5
year
Mo
re t
han 6
year
Mo
re t
han 7
year
Mo
re t
han 8
year
Mo
re t
han 9
year
Mo
re t
han 1
0 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
1 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
2 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
3 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
4 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
5 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
6 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
7 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
8 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 1
9 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
0 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
1 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
2 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
3 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
4 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
5 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
6 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
7 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
8 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 2
9 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 3
0 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 3
1 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 3
2 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 3
3 y
ear
Mo
re t
han 3
4 y
ear
Reclusion Time Conviction (#)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
24/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
41
35
31
20 17
15
7
1
6
2 5
1 1 0 2 2
0 1 0 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 to
6 m
onth
s
7 m
onth
s to
1 yea
r
Mor
e th
an 1
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 2
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 3
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 4
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 5
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 6
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 7
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 8
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 9
yea
r
Mor
e th
an 1
0 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
1 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
2 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
3 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
4 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
5 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
6 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
7 ye
ar
Mor
e th
an 1
8 ye
ar
Time in Prison (#)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
25/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates personal profile
58
35
6
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
This is the first Between 1 and 3
times
4 or more times No answer
Number of Convictions (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
26/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user profile
90.
10.
0.
Knowing Internet (%)
Yes
No
No answer
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
27/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user profile
20
9
6
11
17
30
7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Every day,
several times a
day
Every day 3 to 5 times a
week
1 to 2 times a
week
Rarely Never No answer
Internet Usage Frequency (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
28/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user profile
Note: Question of multiple response.
36
22
12
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Leisure Study / Research Professional No answer
Internet Context Usage (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
29/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user profile
Note: Question of multiple response.
19
11
16
12
7
5
10
3
17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Talk with friends /
Family / Other
people
Participate in
Social Networks
(hi5, facebook,
twitter, etc.)
Have fun / Watch
videos, pictures,
etc.
Informe myself of
what's
happening in the
world
Look for a job Do services
(payments,
shopping,
subscribing, etc.)
Study / Research Other. Which? No answer
Type of Internet Usage (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
30/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user opinions
59. 18.
23.
Internet in Prison (%)
Possible
Impossible
No answer
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
31/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user opinions
61.
2.
37.
Internet in Prison (%)
Adjusted
Unadjusted
No answer
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
32/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user opinions
79.
0.
21.
Internet in Prison (%)
Usefull
Useless
No answer
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
33/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user opinions
Note: Question of multiple response.
22
0
12
18
14
10
7
16
1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Talk
with f
riend
s /
Fam
ily /
Oth
er
peo
ple
Part
icip
ate
in S
ocia
l
Netw
ork
s (hi5
, fa
ceb
oo
k,
twitte
r, e
tc.)
Have f
un /
Watc
h v
ideo
s,
pic
ture
s, etc
.
Info
rme m
yself o
f w
hat'
s
hap
penin
g in t
he w
orld
Lo
ok f
or
a jo
b
Have a
n o
nlin
e jo
b
Do
serv
ices (p
aym
ents
,
sho
pp
ing
, sub
scrib
ing
, etc
.)
Stu
dy /
Researc
h
Oth
er. W
hic
h?
Internet Usage in Prison (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
34/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Inmates Internet user opinions
Note: Question of multiple response.
26
24 24 23
2 1
0
It would
improve the
relationship
with my family
It would
improve my
knowledge of
the "outside
world"
It would
increase my
capability to
have a job after
reclusion
It would
improve my
education and
formation
Other. Which? I don't have an
opinion
It wouldn't
change
anything
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Internet Usage in Prison as an Improvement (%)
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
35/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
The Professionals
Field work
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
36/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Prison professionals view
“Internet is important for inmates emotional balance.”
“Having Internet in prisons it’s just a problem of security.”
“Internet it’s essential for education. It’s a gradual process.”
“Access to Internet is crucial for education in prisons.”
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
37/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
Prison professionals view
“Every prison should have a room with computers where inmates could access the Internet, with no access to certain
websites, limited time of access and contact control.”
“Sooner or later it will become a reality.”
“It only takes will.”
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
38/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
In a scenario where new technologies occupy a space of which it is not able to abdicate, where technology, globalization and security work as master guides on the construction of sociological and communication reality, it appears necessary to question, analyse, and even reformulate the models of inmates communication with the “exterior world”.
Conclusion
Department of Communication and Art, CETAC.MEDIA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
39/39
Internet usage in Portuguese Prisional Establishments. Reality or an Utopia? • Daniela Graça · [email protected] • Lídia Oliveira · [email protected]
THANK YOU!
investigation blogdanielagraca.blogs.ua.sapo.pt/