I. North v. South
Malaria, dysentery, typhoid took 10 years off Southern lifespan - 50 years
NE settlers added 10 years to their life – 70 yr. life span; “grandparents.”
Family life
South - 6x as many men; lots of teen pregnancy
North – stable families, divorce only for abandonment or adultery, Scarlett Letter and the city on the hill
economics
South – first families/tutors, headright system – 50 acres to bring someone here, tobacco overproduction
North – more equality, farming and something else, public ed, 50% literacy and Harvard
review
Name top 3 diseases. Contrast Life expectancy in North
and South. Contrast family structure in North
and South. What was the headright system? Contrast economic and education
system in North and South
II. Struggling servants
Land became more scarce and harder to acquire for freemen.
Gov. Berkeley took away franchise and made land promises to Natives.
Bacon’s rebellion
When Gov. Berkeley wouldn’t retaliate for frontier attacks, Bacon and his followers did
Bacon, a 29 year old planter, led “the rabble” in burning Jamestown and chasing Berkeley out.
What to do?
Bacon died ended, 20 hung; Planters feared frontiersmen, needed an easier to control labor force.
1680s rising wages in England ==more black than white arrivals
review
What was getting harder for freemen?
What did Gov. Berkeley do that angered freemen?
Who led the rebellion? What conclusion was reached?
III. slavery
10 million came over 300 years; 400,000 to N. America
Triangular /transatlantic trade – Europe Africa Americas; slaves came on Middle Passage; North involved (RI)
New slave trade
10,000 slaves brought 1700-1710; half Va population 1750, 2/3 SC population
More slaves==less assimilation; smaller numbers == more assimilation
Quality of slave life
Only imports could replace slaves on rice and indigo plantations of South Carolina.
Closer together Tobacco plantations allowed family life, natural reproduction.
Slave culture
Mixed African/American language, music , religion
Slave rebellions –NY; Stono Rebellion in South Carolina, 1739, attempt to march to Florida - not as serious as Bacon’s Rebellion.
review
How many slaves? What’s the triangular trade and the
Middle Passage? How did the number of slaves impact
culture? How did slaves impact society? What slave rebellions were there?
IV. Halfway covenant, Salem witch trials Jeremiad – angry
sermons concerning whether the next generation of Puritans was devout enough.
Number of conversions declining
½ way Covenant
Halfway Covenant gave partial church membership to the young.
Weakens distinction between elect and others; eventually ended it, and women became church majority
Salem witch trials
1693 Salem 19 hung 1 pressed; younger girls accused older women.
Hysteria ended when governor’s wife was accused; role of economics?
review
What was the concern about the next generation?
What was a jeremiad? What was the Halfway Covenant? What was its effect? Who accused whom in Salem? How did the hysteria end?
I. 13 colonies
There were 32 colonies; Population doubling every 25 years.
Biggest Colonies: Va, Mass, PA, NC, MD; Cities: Philly, NY, Boston, Charleston
Immigrant groups
Germans/Lutherans in Pennsylvania – 1/3 of pop.; kept customs
Scotch-Irish left Scotland, failed in Ireland, came to PA , squatted west then came South.
diversity
20% African-American; mostly English in NE, over half non-English in middle colonies
Crevocoeur: “What then is the American, this new man?” – Fr. Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, Scots Highlanders
review
How many colonies? Biggest colony? Biggest city? What were top 3 foreign groups? What other groups? Where was the most and least
diversity?