HYSPLIT Glenn Gehring, Technology Specialist III Tribal Air
Monitoring Support Center [email protected] 541-612-0899
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Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model
WHAT??
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I think Ill call it HYSPLIT What??
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Who Provides it? The Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) provides
products related to atmospheric dispersion and air quality
including the HYSPLIT model ARL was mandated by Congress shortly
after WWII to address concerns about pollution transport (nuclear
fallout was among the initial concerns) ARL is now within the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which also
houses the National Weather Service
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What HYSPLIT Does HYSPLIT is a modeling tool used for computing
both wind trajectories in three dimensions and complex pollutant
dispersion, as well as deposition patterns It can be used on-line
or downloaded and used on your computer It can provide short term
forecasts for pollutant dispersion, or wind trajectories, using
National Weather Service forecast meteorological data It can help
us predict air quality and explore existing pollution episodes in
near-real-time, as well as increase our understanding of past
pollution episodes
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Why Do We Use it? To forecast smoke impacts from proscribed
burns, wildfires or other releases To assess what might be
contributing to high pollutant concentrations observed on our
monitors To assess transport patterns To assess day/night/seasonal
differences To assess monitoring networks And, more But Mainly
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To Find Out Where is it Going Proscribed burn
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And Where it Came From
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How Does it Work? Some day Ill tell you. But right now my name
isnt Dr. Glenn and I dont have a clue. Lets focus on how it is
used. (Okay, maybe I have a clue but not detailed knowledge of the
algorithms and such)
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If You Want Details, Theyre There
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html
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Some Examples
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Ely Shoshone August 2002 Backward Trajectories (Michael Daltons
work monthly trajectory patterns)
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Where did that high concentration come from? Gas Analyzer Rack
Data Logger Calibrator Continuous Particulate Monitor Control Units
Zero Air Generator NOy NOx SO2 Ozone Toxics Flow Controller
Continuous Particulate Sensor Unit Vertical manifold Tubing for NOy
EPA Protocol Gas 316 Stainless Steel 1/8 inch tubing connects
regulator to calibrator CGA 660? Fitting must match bottle
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First, Some ozone considerations Source:
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/greenhouse/http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/greenhouse/
We typically work here and ozone is bad here
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Ozone precursors, such as NOx and VOCs are emitted from sources
(can be natural sources) and in the presence of sunlight ozone can
be generated Ozone can transport long distances (insert hot rod
beetle emitting leaves)
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Very important chemical reactions related to ozone:
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Ozone Diurnal (daily) Patterns
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Cherokee Nation Stilwell Site 90ppb 8-hour ozone Quapaw Nation
83ppb 8-hour ozone Backward trajectories from two ozone sites on
4/12/2003 Coal fired power plant
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Highest Passive Ozone (24-hour sample) NOx point sources in
tons per year emissions
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Quapaw Site on July 22, 2004 Sites highest 8-hr Ozone 93 ppb as
an 8-hour average NOx = NO + NO 2 Notice NO is flat near zero. This
indicates source is probably farther away (NOx is typically mostly
NO out the stack).
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Area 8-hr Ozone on July 22, 2004 Saint Louis Memphis Quapaw
Site Tulsa Kansas City Little Rock Oklahoma City
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July 22, 2004, 24-hour Backward Trajectories (NOAA Air Resource
Laboratory HYSPLIT Model) proportional NOx point source emissions
2002 EI Quapaw Site
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Oologah Power Plant 48-hr dispersion (NOAA Air Resource
Laboratory HYSPLIT Model) Quapaw Site
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GRDA Power Plant 48-hr dispersion (NOAA Air Resource Laboratory
HYSPLIT Model) Quapaw Site
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Muskogee Power Plant 48-hr dispersion (NOAA Air Resource
Laboratory HYSPLIT Model) Quapaw Site
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Combined 48-hr dispersion (NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT
Model) Quapaw Site
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Forward Trajectory from 3 Coal-Fired Power Plants on July 22,
2004 (only includes endpoints that are less than 10 meters
AGL)
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Forward Trajectory from 3 Coal-Fired Power Plants on July 22,
2004 (only includes endpoints that are less than 20 meters
AGL)
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NE Oklahoma Coal-Fired Power Plant NOx Emissions Source: EPA
AirData (1999 EI) 26.5% of Oklahoma facility NOx emissions are from
Muskogee, Mayes and Rogers Counties (1999) 22.9% of Oklahoma
facility NOx emissions are from three NE Oklahoma coal-fired power
plants (1999) Tulsa Ozone Season Wind Rose, Lines Indicate the
Direction the Wind Came FROM, and Colors Indicate Wind Speed
(1984-1992, March 1 to October 31, from 8 AM to 6 PM) S N E W 2003
Ozone Monitoring Locations (Red Dots) Most Relevant Winds for Ozone
What if you live here?
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Date/Time is UTC (same as Greenwich Mean Time) and NOT local
time Choose forward or backward The met database and location (lat
long) are chosen in previous screens In general, a smaller
resolution dataset is better (12km is better than 40 km) Set total
run time to 24 hours, or more in some instances In a 8-hour ozone
BT example you might want to set the UTC time to the end of the
8-hour concentration (remember to convert time), then have it start
a new trajectory every hour and stop after 8 trajectories. It will
then make a trajectory for each hour in the 8-hour ozone average.
You can start the height of a backward trajectory from the monitor
height, say 4-meters agl. For a forward trajectory from a point
source you would set the height slightly above the sources stack,
if it has one. Most of these settings can stay at their default
settings Decide if you want a GIS shapefile, and/or a Google Earth
file. The trajectory endpoints file will still be there. If you are
using the endpoints file, you can have it dump meteorological data
such as mixing height, temp, solar radiation, etc., along the
trajectory path for additional analysis. Save the endpoints file as
a text file from your browser Beside each option there is a Help
button. Please use it.
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Backward trajectories Elevations of trajectories
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Save text file for GIS integration
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Open Text File in Excel and Modify Then create feature class in
GIS software
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GIS for Air Quality (a TAMS/ITEP Course) Anyone can learn to
use HYSPLIT Just start And, feel free to contact me if you want
assistance