Hydrogen InfrastructureHydrogen Infrastructure
Nick MitticaAir Products and ChemicalsAir Products and ChemicalsJanuary 8, 2009
© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2008
Agenda
Who is Air Products? Who is Air Products? Hydrogen Infrastructure Today The Future of Hydrogen Infrastructure Key MessagesKey Messages
2 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Air Products Air Products Sales into Diverse MarketsSales into Diverse Markets $10.4 billion company $10.4 billion company Diverse markets and geographies
P i i d f i d l l i Positioned for continued long-term value creationFY’08 Geographic SalesFY’08 Business Segment Sales
United States
Asia(18%) ROW (2%)Tonnage
(35%)Merchant
(40%)
States(41%)
Europe(34%) Canada/Latin
A i (5%)
Electronics & Performance
Materials(21%)
Equipment & Energy
(4%)
3 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 20093
America (5%)(21%)
December 2008
Leadership in Hydrogen Fuel Infrastructure
Active since 1993 Active since 1993 – >90 hydrogen fueling projects – Stations installed in
15 t i15 countries– Have exceeded 78,000
Safe Fills Major role in hydrogen fuel
safety codes and standards Broad technology base and
intellectual property position H l i th f f t Helping pave the way for a future
hydrogen economy
4 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Tonnage GasesMarket Leader in Refinery HydrogenMarket Leader in Refinery Hydrogen
H2 Plant Operating YearsGlobal #1 HyCO Position
APD . . .
On-stream 2007
Widening Gap
APD(1940 MMscfd)
Comp X Comp Y
APD Comp. X Comp. Y Others
1995 2000 2005 Comp Z
5 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
4,600 Million SCFD
Hydrogen Facts
AP total capacity could support 7-8 million vehicles if used l f hi l f lionly for vehicle fueling.
– Excess capacity in CA and TX could support 100,000+ vehicles
AP’s daily production equals:– 4.6 million kg/day
1 316 li id H2 t il /d– 1,316 liquid H2 trailers/day– 11,335 gaseous H2 tube trailers/day
AP continues to build plants: AP continues to build plants:– 2006, 6 plants, 450 MM scfd– 2008, 1 plant, 100 MM scf
• 236,000 kg/day, 68 LHY trailers, 584 tube trailers Hydrogen is also used in glass, steel, foods,
pharmaceuticals and electronics We touch it everyday !
6 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
pharmaceuticals and electronics. We touch it everyday !
Hydrogen Production Methods
Reforming – several types different feed stocks Reforming several types, different feed stocks– Central production or onsite generation
Offgas/Waste stream clean up Offgas/Waste stream clean-up Electrolysis Air Products operates all technologies Objective: Supply Customer with lowest cost Objective: Supply Customer with lowest cost
molecule
7 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Steam Methane ReformerCH4 + 2 H2O + Heat 4 H2 + CO2
8 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Industrial Gas Hydrogen Supply Integration
HYDROCARBON FEED
(CH4, C2, C3, C4, Naphtha,
Offgas Fuel)
SMRPOX
CUSTOMER(S)STEAM / POWEROffgas Fuel)
REFORMING
PSA GASEOUS PIPELINEPSAMEMBRANE
PURIFICATION
GASEOUS PIPELINE
TUBE TRAILER
MERCHANT CRYOGENIC
LIQUEFACTION
TUBE TRAILER
abc
MARKET
LIQUID STORAGE
CYLINDERS
CRYOGENIC TANKER
abc
9 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
CRYOGENIC TANKER
40
SarniaCanadaHydrogen Pipelines Exist!
Plaquemine
Geismar
Geismar
LouisianaBaton Rouge
16
Edmonton,Canada
40Suncor
Shell Refinery
40
Air Products Canada
Lake Pontchartrain
Convent
Cosmar
Taft
10
NolaNew Orleans
16
2121SherwoodPark
Petro-CanadaImperial Oil
16
Corunna
ST.CLAIR RIVER
Chalmette14 630630
14
Europoort
Rotterdam
DominguezChannel
91
190th
St.710
405
SouthernCalifornia Zwijndrecht
To Moerdijk
Pernis
Botlek
SF BayRefineries
TarragonaRefinery
BPCarson
ShellWilmingtonConoco Phillips
Carson
VAN NESSAVE.
SepulvedaBlvd
LongBeachArpt.
Carson H2
405
110
1
APD HyCO facilitiesH2 pipeline
Mont BelvieuBattlegroundCity of Houston
Lake CharlesBeaumont
73
6910
To Moerdijk
Texas
Conoco PhillipsWilmington
Anaheim Street
Wilmington H2110
CO pipelineSyngas pipeline
Port Arthur
BayportPasadena
Clear Lake
Baytown 2
LaPorte
10
45
610
225
ValeroWilmington
10 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Clear LakeTexas City
Delivered HydrogenLiquid Tank Trailer
Gas Pipeline
Gas Cylinders
Gas Tube Trailer
11 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Gas Tube Trailer
Waste Gas Clean-up Offgas of chemical plants
have H2have H2– Chlor-alkali, ethylene,
acetaldehyde, acetyleney , y Offgas streams often vented
or burned for fuel value Pressure Swing Adsorption
used to produce H2PSA at Chlor-alkali plant
(83,000 kg/day)p 2 ( , g y)
12 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Simple System - Many Design Variablesp y y gH2 Product
FuelFuel
Feed
DESIGN:PROCESS: Feed Pressure, Temp, Composition,
Variability Product Purity Specs
DESIGN: Cycle Chart Number of Beds, Vessel Size Adsorbent Type & Split Product Purity Specs
Off gas Pressure, Mixing Requirements H2 Recovery Capacity, Turndown
Number of Equalizations Purge Quantity Blowdown / Purge Split F d & P G t
13 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Reliability Feed & Purge G-rates Flow Distribution
Hydrocarbon Reforming – Onsite G tiGeneration
W tWater
180,000 kg/dayAir
Desulphurizer Water Furnace/ TreatmentReactor
PSA
100 kg/daySyngas
Shift
HydrogenNatural
Gas Feed Compressor
14 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Onsite Reforming Fossil Fuel Feed Stock Various Technologies, SMR, ATR, POX Various Technologies, SMR, ATR, POX 100 to 1000 kg /day Need to match supply with demand
– Want high utilization to maximize efficiency– Excess supply results in venting or extra storage ($$$)
Onsite Generation impacts downstream fueling station Onsite Generation impacts downstream fueling station– Gaseous compression vs. liquid pumps (liquid more
efficient)– Extra high pressure storage to minimize ventingg p g g– Footprint of storage may be an issue
Back-up system may be required for reliabilityi i d d l d T h l li bili d Limited deployments to date. Technology, reliability and
economics still being evaluated
15 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Fuel Station Evolution – Onsite Generation
From This
To This
16 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Electrolysis Limited deployment in North America P d i t t 300 3/h i Chi Predominant to 300 nm3/hr in China Common in Latin and South America where bulk
product is unavailableproduct is unavailable Common in the Middle East Strong Position throughout Asia Strong Position throughout Asia 100 cc/min to 3000 nm3/hr systems
– Larger systems are used to make ammonia andLarger systems are used to make ammonia and fertilizers
– Hydropower typically used for large systemsM t t 10 3/h 30 3/h– Most systems are 10 nm3/hr-30 nm3/hr
– Most electrolysis volume contributed by 5-10 huge systems
17 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
g y Pathway to Renewables
H2 Sourcing for Fueling StationsFeedstocks Fueling Station Vehicles
StorageH2
Compression
NGStorage
PSARef.
H2 G t
Electrolysis
H2 Generator
18 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
y
Selection Criteria
Capital Cost Capital Cost Operating Cost Cost of Hydrogen Hydrogen RequirementHydrogen Requirement
– Demand– Load Variation– Purity– Use Pattern
Renewable
19 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Hydrogen Fuel Infrastructurefor the Future
Turnkey Systems for safety Turnkey Systems for safety Existing generation methods
– Methane conversionMethane conversion technologies
– Gas clean-up technologiesGasification– Gasification
– Electrolysis– Renewables
Need continued efforts in generation
Nuclear– Nuclear– Coal
Supply of the most cost effective
20 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
Supply of the most cost effective molecule to the marketplace may be regional
Key Messages Hydrogen is here today. Thousands of
customers purchase hydrogen via pipelinescustomers purchase hydrogen via pipelines, trucks, cylinders and onsite generation.
Air Products objective is to supply its Air Products objective is to supply its customers with the lowest cost hydrogen molecule, regardless of the production and , g pdelivery method.
A variety of factors are evaluated when ydetermining the lowest cost supply of hydrogen to a customer
Hydrogen will likely come from a variety of feedstocks in the future, including cost competitive renewable methods of production
21 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009
competitive, renewable methods of production.
tell me moretell me morewww airproducts com/h2energywww.airproducts.com/h2energy