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HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
By
Engr. M.Asadullah Siddiqui
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Hydraulic Turbine
• A mechanical device that converts Potential
Energy stored in water at a height to useful
shaft work.
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Classification of Hydraulic Turbines
• According to the water head: Low Head Hydraulic Turbine (2-
15m), Medium Head Hydraulic Turbine (16-70m), High Head
Hydraulic Turbine (71-500m), Very High Head Hydraulic
Turbine (> 500 m)
• According to the placement of the turbine’s shaft: Horizontal
Shaft & Vertical Shaft turbines.
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Classification of Hydraulic Turbines
• According to the turbine’s Specific Speed
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Classification of Hydraulic Turbines
• According to the name of the inventor/ patent holder of the
turbine: Kaplan Turbines & Francis Turbines are named after
their inventors, namely, James. B. Francis and Dr. Victor
Kaplan.
• According to the nature of water jet acting on the turbine:
Based on this classification there are two types of turbines;
Impulse Turbines & Reaction Turbines.
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PELTON WHEEL
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PELTON WHEEL
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PELTON WHEEL
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Nozzle Bucket
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Multi-jet PELTON WHEEL
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Velocity of Water-jet
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K.E of Water-jet
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FRANCIS TURBINE
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A Francis Turbine
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FRANCIS TURBINE
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FRANCIS TURBINE Characteristics
• Reaction Turbine
• Vertical Shaft Turbine
•
Water flows in a closed conduit
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Example Problem
Q . In a hydroelectric power station, water isavailable at the flow rate of 175 meters cubed/second under a head of 18 m. If the available
turbines run at a speed of 150 rpm with overallefficiency of 82 percent, find the number ofturbines required if
(a) Francis turbines with maximum specific speed of
460 are used.(b) Pelton wheels with maximum specific speed of
350 are used.
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