Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite1
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite
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Introduction Introduction Layered protocol architectureTCP/IP protocol suiteOSI reference modelInternetworking
Chapter 2 Protocols and the TCP/IP Suite3
The Need for a Protocol The Need for a Protocol ArchitectureArchitectureProcedures to exchange data between
devices can be complexHigh degree of cooperation required
between communicating systems
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Example: File transfer Example: File transfer Requires a data path to existTasks:
– Activate data communication path– Source determines that destination is ready– File transfer app destination file management
app is ready store file for user– File format conversion
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Layered Protocol ArchitectureLayered Protocol Architecture modules arranged in a vertical stackEach layer in stack:
– Performs related functions– Relies on lower layer for more primitive
functions– Provides services to next higher layer– Communicates with corresponding peer layer
of neighboring system using a protocol
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Key Features of a ProtocolKey Features of a ProtocolSet of rules or conventions to exchange
blocks of formatted dataSyntax: data formatSemantics: control information
(coordination, error handling)Timing: speed matching, sequencing
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TCP/IP LayersTCP/IP LayersPhysicalNetwork accessInternetTransport Application
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TCP and UDPTCP and UDPTCP:
– connection-oriented– Reliable packet delivery in sequence
UDP:– connectionless (datagram)– Unreliable packet delivery– Packets may arrive out of sequence or
duplicated
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Figure 2.1Figure 2.1
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Figure 2.2Figure 2.2
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Operation of TCP and IPOperation of TCP and IPIP implemented in end systems and
routers, relaying data between hostsTCP implemented only in end systems,
assuring reliable delivery of blocks of dataEach host on subnetwork has unique IP
addressEach process on each process has unique
IP port number
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Figure 2-3Figure 2-3
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Figure 2-4Figure 2-4
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TCP ApplicationsTCP ApplicationsSMTP: Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolFTP: File Transfer Protocol telnet: remote login
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OSI Reference ModelOSI Reference ModelApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkData linkphysical
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Figure 2.5Figure 2.5
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Internetworking TermsInternetworking TermsCommunication networkInternetIntranetSubnetworkEnd systemIntermediate systemBridgeRouter
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RoutersRoutersProvide link between networksAccommodate network differences:
– Addressing schemes– Maximum packet sizes– Hardware and software interfaces– Network reliability
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Figure 2-7Figure 2-7
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Figure 2-8Figure 2-8
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Figure 2-9Figure 2-9
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Figure 2-10Figure 2-10