Bibliometrics
Concussion, trauma2c brain injury and long term impacts
Learning objec2ves
• Recognize that science in the news comes from science research.
• Peer reviewed ar2cles vs. popular for biomedical topics.
• Iden2fy parts of peer reviewed/primary source literature in the sciences.
• Recognize parts of the peer review process.
David Howell’s presenta2on
Q3: Read the introduc2on (NOT the abstract). What is the big ques)on?
A. Does monitoring a person's gait while administering single and duel func2on Stroop tests the best way to judge recovery from a concussion?
B. Are high school students playing sports geSng more concussions each year and aren't studied enough?
C. How long does it take adolescents to recover their ability to control balance while walking and comple2ng a simultaneous cogni2ve task in comparison to healthy control subjects?
Q4: What are the authors trying to answer specifically in this ar2cle?
A. Mental and motor skills are impared for up to 2 months aXer a sports related concussion in young people.
B. Quan2fies the degree of gait balance control disturbances in different condi2ons from the 2me of injury and through the following two months of recovery.
C. Gait balance in adolescents recovering from concussions should be studied.
D. None of these.
Q5: What do the authors think the results mean?
A. Adolescents recovering from a concussion have greater difficulty with their balance while walking and doing other tasks for several months or more. This can be used to diagnose and treat the pa2ents.
B. Adolescents recover quickly aXer concussions and should be cleared to return to play as soon as possible.
C. Dual task tests in adolescents are difficult to do and it's impossible to account for all of the variables.
D. Something else.
Q7-‐9: The Associated Press. Congressmen Chide College Conferences’ Concussion Policies. The New York
Times. hbp://www.ny2mes.com/2010/02/02/sports/football/02concussions.html. Published February 2, 2010.
Who is the intended audience?, Who are the authors?, What is the big ques2on?, Specific ques2on? A. An educated person, reading the newspaper; wriben by
reporters; generally it's about who should protect young athletes who get concussions; specifically about what regula2ons should be used.
B. For medical researchers; wriben by medical doctors; concussions; regula2ons.
C. Only intended to be understandable for specialists with years of experience on concussions; wriben by leading doctors in the field; trauma2c brain injuries in young people; long term health impacts on college athletes.
Legisla2on about concussions
4 1
2 3
Event happens
Arrange on the cycle A. Newspapers/
magazines B. Books/movies C. Legisla2on D. Blogs/twiber/FB/tv/
radio E. Journal ar2cles
You found the perfect criteria for showing that a student-‐athlete was fully recovered from a concussion, how would you let the world know?
4 1
2 3
Research
Arrange in order A. news –
( twiber,TV, blogs, newspapers)
B. chapter/book/textbook
C. journal ar2cle D. peer-‐review
process E. Poster/
conference talk
WHAT IS A SCHOLARLY ARTICLE?
hbp://vimeo.com/27119325
Name all the parts of a scholarly ar2cle
h
hbp://www.lib.ncsu.edu/tutorials/scholarly-‐ar2cles/
Professor Karduna discusses the peer review journal ar2cle process
Peer Review Process Manuscript (poten2al ar2cle)
Sent to journal editor
Blind review Blind review Blind review
Sent to three to five experts in the field
Manuscript (poten2al ar2cle)
1. Accept 2. Revise 3. Reject
Scholarly peer reviewed ar)cles Popular newspaper or magazine ar)cles
Can an ar2cle be both scholarly and popular?
Hierarchy of Evidence or
levels of evidence q Meta-‐analyses
q Review q Scien2fic studies (e.g., cross-‐sec2onal vs longitudinal, randomised controlled trials)
q Case reports
Hierarchy of Evidence –
Meta-‐analyses
Scien)fic studies
Case studies
Reviews
Case Reports • chief complaint • Diagnosis • treatment, and • devia)on from the expected
Observa)ons , not planned studies
Scien)fic studies
includes: randomized controlled trials
cross-‐sec2onal and/or longitudinal studies
In addi2on to the parts of a scholarly ar2cle this ar2cle describes how the authors
Test a hypothesis
Systema2c Reviews Reviews
Went through literature and found all ar2cles on a topic. Similar to what you might do for a really well researched term paper. Bibliographies of these papers are a goldmine.
Meta-‐analysis
• Single focused ques2on or overview of several related ques2ons
• + data sources, study selec2on, data extrac2on, data synthesis
• An analysis of the data.
Suggested reading -‐ hierarchy of evidence
Greenhalgh, T. (1997). How to read a paper. GeSng your bearings (deciding what the paper is about). BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 315(7102), 243–6. Retrieved from hbp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ar2cles/PMC2127173/pdf/9253275.pdf
Understanding and using the Hierarchy of Evidence hbps://hive.library.uwa.edu.au/hive/cache/202902/hive.cgi/zip/202902/LO2ACQ_FBE/html/understand.html