In the last month
Presentations
How many presentations were
good?
Aboubakr Elnashar
Aboubakr Elnashar
ContentSlides
Presenter
Presentation
Great Content:
bad Slides will not damage the presentation...
Bad content:
great Slides cannot improve bad Content!(Osterwalder A, 2006)
Aboubakr Elnashar
Content
Aboubakr Elnashar
Know standard of the audience.
-Do they have a background like yours?
-Don’t assume the audience will all be experts.
-Never underestimate your audience!
Time allotted to you.
Aboubakr Elnashar
New information
Novel discovery
Answers an interesting question
Describes important ideas
Concise& to the point
Aboubakr Elnashar
Slides1. Outline slide
2. Layout
3. Structure
4. Animation
5. Bullets
6. Fonts
7. Color
8. Illustrations
9. Graphs
10. Video clips
11. Audio clips12. Spelling& Grammar
13. Conclusion
14. Questions
Aboubakr Elnashar
The slides should enhance the presentation, not be the presentation (Compton
K, 2002)
Goals:
Convey the necessary information
Be readable/understandable
Be interesting (enough)
Avoid:
Over stimulation
Boring
Aboubakr Elnashar
1. Outline slide
Start with
Main points
Follow the order of your outline for the rest of the presentation
Aboubakr Elnashar
2. Layout
Simple but attractive
The same layout
Aboubakr Elnashar
Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from
Aboubakr Elnashar
3. Structure
Write in point form (Bullets). DO NOT use
sentences or paragraphs.
Avoid wordiness: use key words& phrases
Simple image on every slide.
Balance of Slide Elements: text, graphics
{You want the audience to focus on what you
present, not the way you present}.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Bad
This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.
Aboubakr Elnashar
4. Animation
Show one point at a time:
Audience concentrate on what you are saying
Prevent audience from reading ahead
keep your presentation focused
Aboubakr Elnashar
Use the “Slide show” - “animations” -”custom”-
option
Same animation
Simple "Wipe Left-to-Right" is good
Do not use:
Distracting animation
Move" or "Fly" {too tedious& slow}
(used in many presentations today).
Aboubakr Elnashar
5.Bullets
3-6 bullets/ slide
4 if large title, logo, picture
Each bullet 1 line, 2 at the most.
This is known as “cueing”
“cue” the audience in what you are going to say.
This gives the audience a “framework” to build upon.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Crowded text: audience will not read it.
Reading speed does not match listening speed:
confuse instead of reinforcing each other.
Aboubakr Elnashar
6. Fonts
Size:
Title: at least 28-point.
Text: at least 18-point
References: 14-point
Different size for main points& secondary points
Text can be read from the back of the room.
Aboubakr Elnashar
You are close to your monitor
Your audience is far from the screen
Tahoma
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
TNR
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
Courier
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
Comic
32 pt28 pt
24 pt20 pt18 pt16 pt14 pt12 pt10 pt
Lucida Sans
32 pt
28 pt
24 pt
20 pt
18 pt
16 pt
14 pt
12 pt
10 pt
Aboubakr Elnashar
-Type
Main font: same
2 complementary fonts: Arial& Arial Bold.
Serif font:
e. g. Times New Roman
Used in documents filled with lots of text.
{Easier to read at small sizes}
Aboubakr Elnashar
San-serif fonts
Arial
Avoid: Script or Old English
Use a standard font: Times New Roman or
Arial.
Roman& Gothic are easier to read
Aboubakr Elnashar
- Caps
Do not use all capital letters
Makes text hard to read
Conceals acronyms
Denies their use for emphasis
-Italics
Used to highlight thoughts or ideas
Used for:
“quotes”, book, journal, or magazine titles
Aboubakr Elnashar
Bad
If you use a small font, your audience won’t be able to read what you have written
CAPITALIZE ONLY WHEN NECESSARY. IT IS DIFFICULT TO READ
Don’t use a complicated font
Aboubakr Elnashar
7. Color
Use color to:
Reinforce the logic of your structure
Emphasize a point (occasionally)
Font color that does not contrast with the background is hard to read
Aboubakr Elnashar
Colors:
I. Cool:
blue& green
best for backgrounds {appear to recede away
from us into the background}.
II. Warm:
orange& red.
best for objects in the foreground (such as text)
{appear to be coming at us}.
Aboubakr Elnashar
The Color Wheel Harmonizing: Adjacent colors
e.g. Green& Yellow
Contrasting=Complementary:
separated by another color
Clashing: Colors that are
directly opposite
e.g. yellow on blue.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Reds& oranges :
high-energy but difficult to stay focused on.
Greens, blues, and browns :
mellower, but not as attention grabbing.
Color font that contrasts sharply with the
background
blue font on white background
Yellow font on blue background
Aboubakr Elnashar
Avoid
color for decoration {distracting& annoying}.
Different color for each point
Different color for secondary points
Red-green combinations {7 % of population are red-green colorblind}
Glaring colors
White font on Light Green, Light Blue or Pale
Yellow background
Usually can’t read this…
Aboubakr Elnashar
Dark room
white or light font on dark background
(dark blue, grey, etc.).
Good light Rooms: (which is highly
advisable)
Black or dark font on white background
Aboubakr Elnashar
Lots of people can’t read this –
and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.
Colour - Bad
Aboubakr Elnashar
8. Illustrations
Diagrams are great communicators
(Well-drawn) pictures easier to
understand
Use only when needed, otherwise they
become distracters instead of
communicators
They should relate to the message&
help make a point
Aboubakr Elnashar
9. Graphs
Use graphs:
Data in graphs is easier to comprehend &
retain than is raw data
Trends are easier to visualize in graphs
Graphs& figures:
large
Title
High-quality
Aboubakr Elnashar
Types
Pie Charts.
Used to show percentages.
Limit the slices to 4-6
contrast the most important slice either with color
or by exploding the slice.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Vertical Bar Charts.
Used to show changes in quantity over time.
Limit the bars to 4-8
Horizontal Bar Charts.
Used to compare quantities.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Line Charts.
Used to demonstrate trends.
Tables
Good for side-by-side comparisons of
quantitative data.
lacks impact on a visceral level.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Graphs - Good
0102030405060708090
100
January February March April
Items Sold in First Quarter of 2002
Blue Balls
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Graphs - Bad
20.4
27.4
90
20.4
30.6
38.6
34.6
31.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
January February March April
Blue Balls
Red Balls
Aboubakr Elnashar
Graphs - Bad
Minor gridlines are unnecessary
Font is too small
Colors are illogical
Title is missing
Shading is distracting
Aboubakr Elnashar
Aboubakr Elnashar
Pick A Line, Any Line
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Series1
Series2
Aboubakr Elnashar
10. Video clips To show concrete examples
promote active cognitive processing,
{this natural way people learn}.
Illustrate your point better
Increase the interest of audience.
Aboubakr Elnashar
11. Audio clipsAs interviews.
Avoid
-Cheesy sound effects (sound of a horn or
clapping when transitioning slides).
-Extra sound effects attached to animations
{lose credibility with your audience}.
Aboubakr Elnashar
12. Spelling& Grammar
Checked
If English is not your first language:
pls have someone else check your
presentation
Aboubakr Elnashar
13. Conclusion
Effective& strong
Your audience is likely to remember your last
words
Conclusion slides:
Bring people back if they zoned out
Summarize the main points of presentation
Suggest future research
Aboubakr Elnashar
14. Questions??
Avoid ending presentation abruptly
End with a simple question slide to:
Invite audience to ask questions
Provide a visual aid during question period
Aboubakr Elnashar
PresenterBefore
At the start
During
At the end
Aboubakr Elnashar
Before the talk: Practice in front of friends or using a video
camera& timer
Take criticism as constructive, not personally
Make changes well in advance
Know Your Location
Check the podium& AV equipment
How far is audience from screen?
Do you need a laser pointer?
Aboubakr Elnashar
At the start of the talk:
Thank the sponsor, panel
Start using an emotionally competent stimulus
Story
Question
Anecdote
Application
Aboubakr Elnashar
During the Talk: Do not read your notes word for
word!-It’s called a “presentation” & not “a reading” of
your work -Reading a slide is annoying-Do not read your slides like a script-You should not simply be a text-to-speech
converter.
Aboubakr Elnashar
Do not use the media to hide you
Face the audience, not the screen
Make eye contact
Don’t pace up& down but also don’t
stand rigid
Aboubakr Elnashar
Are you hiding behind the podium?
Are your hands/face motionless?
Are you staring…
at your advisor/boss?
at your laptop?
at the screen?
at the ceiling?
Is your back to the audience?
IF SO… you’re probably BORING!
Dead Man Talking
Aboubakr Elnashar
Spend between 30sec- 2min/slide
Sometimes nerves make for fast talking
Calm down.
[It’s not a race
People need time to absorb information}
Aboubakr Elnashar
Not exceed your allotted time
You were poorly prepared
Have bad manners
If you’re running late:
skip
Don’t just talk faster!
Aboubakr Elnashar
Do be enthusiastic
Are you interested in your topic?
If no, get a different one!
If yes, act like it
If you aren’t excited…
Can’t expect other people to be!
Aboubakr Elnashar
Vary the tone of your voice, Vary your
tempo, volume, gestures
Microphone at middle of your chest
Not 2mm from your mouth
Modulate your voice evenly
If not using a mic – project your voice!
Aboubakr Elnashar
Don’t wave your pointer all over the slide
Do not point at everything
{Not everything is equally important}
Don’t point with your middle finger
Aboubakr Elnashar
Orient the audience:
Don’t take lots of drinks {distracting&
unprofessional}
Spend time on
graphs, charts, anatomy
Memorize the outline
Memorize the concluding sentence
Be able to recover from interruptions
Aboubakr Elnashar
Careful use of pause
When starting a major result
Raising a question
Showing a complicated fig
Avoid annoying mannerisms
Use of OK
Interrupting yourself with I mean or you know
Aboubakr Elnashar
At the end of the talk
Be prepared to get questions!
Move towards the person who asked it
Repeat or rephrase
“What if I don’t know the answer?”
Know when to say “I don’t know”
Know how to say “I don’t know”
Don’t be uncomfortabl
Aboubakr Elnashar
Close by thanking your audience
Plan to stay a while after talk
Audience may want to talk with you
Aboubakr Elnashar
Conclusion
Good presentation= Good
content, slides& presenter
Aboubakr Elnashar
Questions??
Aboubakr Elnashar
Aboubakr Elnashar