HOW TO FILL THE GAPSBETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITY
Community based disaster management
Dorotea Agnes Rampisela
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITYMakassar - Indonesia
CSEAS Kyoto University
STRENGTHENING and SUSTAINABILITY of THE COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Study CaseWARNING System at Jeneberang Watershed South Sulawesi Indonesia
Salo
Ka n
ipa
JE NE
Sa lo Ma na p a
B E RANG
Sal o
A hu
w a
J ENE B ER A NG
Sa lo Mal in
o
Salo Ma
lin o
Sal
o Bu
lang
P ar an g
T a ka pa laS a
lo
Salo
Ka us isi
Sa lo B
e ng o
S al o
Sa lo A
n gasi a
Sal o
P ate
ne
B al an g
K amp al a
Je ne
Bina ng
a
J E NE B E RA NG
R ak ikan g
Be
ngo
Sap ay
a
K alu a
ra ng
Bi na ng
a Patt e
t ea ng
Bi na ng a
Bin a
n ga J a
ja ng
Tok
ka
Bi na ng a
Do ta r a
Bi na
n ga
Je n e
JENE
B E RA NG
B an t
imur
un g
Je ne
T et eb at u
Salo
B on t
o rea
Sa lo
105
kilometers
0∗
Ta malateTa malateTa malateTamalateTamalateTama la teTama la teTama la teTamalate
P allang gaP allang gaP allang gaPallang gaPallang gaPa llan ggaPa llan ggaPa llan ggaPallang ga
Baje ngBaje ngBaje ngBa jengBa jengBajen gBajen gBajen gBa jeng Bon tomara nnuBon tomara nnuBon tomara nnuBo ntoma rann uBo ntoma rann uBonto maran nuBonto maran nuBonto maran nuBo ntoma rann uPa rang lo ePa rang lo ePa rang lo eP aran gloeP aran gloePara ngloePara ngloePara ngloeP aran gloe
Bun gayaBun gayaBun gayaBu nga yaBu nga yaBung ayaBung ayaBung ayaBu nga ya
Ting gimonco ngTing gimonco ngTing gimonco ngTin ggimon congTin ggimon congT in ggimo ncon gT in ggimo ncon gT in ggimo ncon gTin ggimon cong
KotaKotaKotaKot aKot aKotaKotaKotaKot aMakassarMakassarMakassarMakass arMakass arMakas sarMakas sarMakas sarMakass ar
TakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalar GowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowa
5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 2 5' S5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 2 5' S
5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20 ' S5° 20 ' S5° 20 ' S5° 20' S
5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 1 5' S5° 1 5' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 1 5' S
5 1 0 S5 1 0 S5 1 0 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S
Po lomba ngk eng U taraPo lomba ngk eng U taraPo lomba ngk eng U taraP olomb angk eng Utar aP olomb angk eng Utar aPolomb ang ken g Uta raPolomb ang ken g Uta raPolomb ang ken g Uta raP olomb angk eng Utar a
S omba OpuS omba OpuS omba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuSomb a Op uSomb a Op uSomb a Op uSomba Opu
Ma majan gMa majan gMa majan gMamaja ngMamaja ngMama ja ngMama ja ngMama ja ngMamaja ng
12 6 01 20 1 241220 0 0011 8
ST UD YLO C AT IO N
)M ak ass ar
60
∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗
Gowa
Takalar
Takalar
Gow a
Sinjai
Bulukumba
JENEBERANG WATERSHEDGOWA REGENCY SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
Salo
Kan
i pa
JE NE
Salo M anapa
BERANG
Salo
Ahuw
a
JENE BERANG
S alo Malino
Sa lo M alino
Sal o
Bul
ang
Parang
TakapalaSalo
S alo
Ka usisi
S alo Beng o
Salo
Sa lo A ng asia
Salo
Pate
ne
Ba lang
Kampala
Jene
Binanga
JENE BERANG
Rakikang
Ben
go
S apay a
Kalu ara ng
B in an ga Pa tte tea ng
Binanga
Bina ng a Ja jan g
Tokk
a
Binanga
Dot ara
Bi nan
ga
J ene
JENE
BERANG
Bantim
urung
Je ne
Tetebatu
Sa lo
Bonto re a
S alo
105
kilometers
0
∗
TamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalateTamalate
PallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallanggaPallangga
BajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajengBajeng BontomarannuBontomarannuBontomarannuB ontomarannuB ontomarannuBontomarannuBontomarannuBontomarannuB ontomarannuParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloeParangloe
BungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungayaBungaya
TinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncongTinggimoncong
KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassarMakassar
TakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalarTakalar GowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowaGowa
5° 25 ' S5° 25 ' S5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 25' S5° 25' S
5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S5° 20' S
5° 15 ' S5° 15 ' S5° 15 ' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S5° 15' S
5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S5 10 S
Polom bangk eng Uta raPolom bangk eng Uta raPolom bangk eng Uta raPolombang k eng Uta raPolombang k eng Uta raPolombang keng U taraPolombang keng U taraPolombang keng U taraPolombang k eng Uta ra
Somba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuSomba OpuS om ba OpuS om ba OpuS om ba OpuSomba Opu
MamajangMamajangMamajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajangMam ajang
126 01 20 1241220 0 001 18
ST U DYLOC AT ION
)
6 0
∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗∗
Gowa
Takalar
Takalar
Gowa
Sinjai
BulukumbaSediment material
Approximately 235 million m3
THE DISASTER: Mountain Collapsed
THE DISASTER : Victims and damages
10 died, 23 missing
1500 ha agriculture land covered by sediment material
635 cows
6,333 persons immediately evacuated
Juli
2002
April
2004
THE DISASTER : What happened
THE DISASTER : Post Event Threats
Profile
0
20 0
40 0
60 0
80 0
1 ,00 0
1 ,20 0
1 ,40 0
1 ,60 0
0 .0 5 .0 1 0.0 1 5.0 2 0.0 25. 0 30. 0 35. 0
Distance from End of Bili-Bili Reservoir (km)
Ele
vati
on
(E
L.
m)
Confuluence ofMarino River(Sand Pocket 5)
Sabo Dam No. 4
End of B ili-BiliReservoir
Out le t ofCalder a
1/100
1/ 27
1/ 12
1/ 10
Confuluence ofKusisi River(Sand Pocket 5)
1/60
ACTIVITIES:Community Based Warning System
1. Identification of people and community lived in disaster prone area
2. Participatory mapping 3. Daily monitoring of rainfall rate and sediment
movement and debris flow4. Facilitator training collaborate with Sabo Technical
Center Yogyakarta5. Workshop on warning system development6. Socialization and dissemination of defined warning
system7. Community empowerment
•Participatory Needs Assessment
•Formulation of Action Plan
•Implementation of Action Plan for Recovery of property loss and regional development
•Capacity Building for Livelihood Improvement
•Establishment of Sabo Community
•Development of Participatory Monitoring System
•Development of Warning and Evacuation System
•Community Empowerment
Outcome so far Further Tasks
•Mitigation of Sediment Related Disaster
•Improvement of Regional Economy and Living Standard
ACTIVITIES: OUTCOME
LESSONS LEARNEDVillage People needs information and willing to participate in activitiesObstacles: Formal Recognition from Local Government (District Level)
There was no clear authority (officers in charge)
Coordination of involving NGOsLack of Scientific Based Researches
U
S
T B
± 500
20º Kemiringan
20º 35º
15º
DENAH
PETA SITUASI SUNGAI JENEBERANG
ACTIVITY 1:
Identification of people and community lived in disaster
prone area
ACTIVITY 2: Participatory mapping
•Community to understand that disaster is closely related rainfall and sediment movement.
•Community to understand what is going on the possibility and threats of the disaster
•Feeling of involvement in and giving hand to the mitigation of the disaster.
Purpose:
ACTIVITY 2:
Participatory mapping
Mosque is one of effective places for socialization
ACTIVITY 3:
Daily monitoring of rainfall rate and sediment movement and
SABO DAMNO. 4
A
B
B
1
2
3
4
567
8
9
11
12
13
10
MONITORING OF SEDIMENT MOVEMENT
c
c
Development of Gully
April 8, 2004
June 20, 2004
September 27, 2004
December 9, 2004
January 22, 2005
February 14, 2005
Necessity of Establishing Sabo Community
•To establish effective information system
•Necessity of Institutional Building
•Strengthening collaboration for saving life and mitigation of disaster
Offical Establishment of Sabo Community on 23rd June, 2004
8. Commencement of Sabo Community group in front of JICA Mission
Sabo-2: ManimbahoiSabo-1: Panaikang
Sabo-3:PutepalaSabo-4:
Gantung
Sabo-5: Bulo
Sabo-6: Tanete
Sabo-7: LimbuaSabo-8: Poncodde
MALINOCentral Office
1922
21
18
17
1516 14
9
10
1112 32
1
4
5
6
8
7
20
13
Location of Sabo Community
KOMUNITAS SABO JENEBERANGNama Kelompok : BULO Alamat : RK BULO DUSUN PANGGAJIANG / PARIGIKetua Kelompok: JAMALISekretaris : SYARIFUDDIN L
Jumlah Anggota: 46 ORANG :
13.Jama Tarima14.Sija15.Sule Sija16.Rumallang Tibu17.Tojeng Caca18.Amir Bado19.Ali Sakka20.Jai Manna21.Sinring22.Dado Sinring23.Maharuddin24.Joha Sorong25.Ancu Sulaeman
1. Minggu Katti2. Cala Malle3. SembangTayang4. Baso Malle5. Coni Ca’go6. Serang Ni’ga7. Sakri Lallo8. Nai Baco9. Raba Laco10.Kamaruddin D11.Kuba12.Ali Rumallang
26.Sawala bado27.Ma’ja Saka28.Mansyur29. Safaruddin30. jumadang31.Muhtar Bangko32.Sawala33.Paru34.Baco Dassa35. Ibrahim36.Se’re Panri37. Making N38.Sampe Kawali
39.Tika40.Taco’41.Nyampa Libbo42.Kammisi M43.Rahman B44.Cudding Jama45.Joha Sorong46.Maharuddin
List of Sabo Community
No. Name of Sabo Community Leader Establishment Date Number of Member Monitoring Post
1 Parangkeke Suleman June, 2004 43 Posko-1
2 Bangkeng Sisang Nurliung C. June, 2004 52 Posko-1
3 Tobanda Samuddin June, 2004 27 Posko-1
4 Janna Usman June, 2004 32 Posko-1
5 Batu Menteng Muhamad Edi May, 2004 36 Posko-1
6 Bontote’ne Junaid June, 2004 47 Not clear
7 Tassala Kahar June, 2004 11 Posko-2
8 Tumbu Riwata Alimin June, 2004 29 Posko-2
9 Daraha M Dg. Nusu June, 2004 33 None
10 Lantebung Putepala Mudu Gaso June, 2004 28 Posko-3
11 Biring Tumbua Muhamad Daud June, 2004 27 Posko-3
12 Liku Labua Abd. Rajab June, 2004 25 Posko-3
13 Bangkeng Popoang Rahman Talla June, 2004 18 Posko-3
14 Bulo Karisa Muhamad May, 2004 27 Posko-4
15 Gamissang M. Nurdin May, 2004 27 Posko-4
16 Salu Dg. Labbiri May, 2004 27 Posko-4
17 Bulo Jamali June, 2004 67 Posko-5
18 Tanete Rusmin June, 2004 80 Posko-6
19 Limbua Najamuddin Bella June, 2004 80 Posko-7
20 Poncodde Dg. Ronrong June, 2004 >20 Posko-8
21 Appokang Rama Ranca August, 2004 42 Posko-8
22 Borong Sapiria Dg. Sat tu June, 2004 approx. 40 Posko-7
- - approx. 820 8 PoskoTotal (22 Communities)
Location of 8 Monitoring Post (Posko)
Posko-2: Manimbahoi
Posko-1: Panaikang
Posko-3: PutepalaPosko-4: Gantung
Posko-5: BuloPosko-6: Tanete
Posko-7: Limbua
Posko-8: Poncodde
FOKUS
River flow condition is monitored from Posko
Posko-3 : Putepala
View from Posko-3 (Putepala)
May 07, ‘05
Before Collapse
April 17, ‘05
Daraha BridgeDaraha Bridge was flushed out by debris flow on 14 April 2005. Trans 13,000 village People has been affected.
Damages –River Structures
Discussing the form, size and colors of Warning signs
Installing the flags and signs
Rainfall MonitoringStation
Evaculation Stationfrom hazard area
Posko 1
Posko 2
Posko 3
Posko 8
:
:Camat
FOKUS(Sabo Community Forum)
Villagers
Villagers
VillagersRadio Communication
Kentongan
ACTIVITY 5 AND 6:
Workshop on warning system developmentSocialization and dissemination of defined warning system
Installing the Kentongan, signaling the warning
Discussing and analyzing local version hazard map
Emergency drill of warning and evacuation
Learn how to make paving block:
Make use of sand and sediment material
Utilize paving block for evacuation road
NEXT STEPUtilize paving block for village road cooperate with local government programSelling paving block
Fabrication Factory
EVACUATION PATH
Activity 4 :Facilitator training collaborate with Sabo Technical Center Yogyakarta
gaps
Lack of data base and Coordination at Local GovernmentNo support from Scientific Base organizationLevel of knowledge on disaster and experience of the community
HOW to fill the gapsStrengthening
LOCAL Government ( District Level)Support from National Level: assignment of Acting Coordinator at Provincial Level ( Academician is preferable)Clear Job Description of Officers in ChargeTraining for CoordinatorsTraining for NGOs on Disaster Management
Community LevelParticipatory Action researchTraining for Local leadersInformation Center managed by communityRecognition of activities by the authority
Chairman : Minister Coordinator of Public Welfare
Members :Minister of Internal Affair Minister of Forestry and PlantationMinister of Security and Defence State Minister of EnvironmentalMinister of Social Affairs State Minister of Research and TechMinister of Health Minister of InformationMinister of Public Works Armed Forces CommanderMinister of Transportation State Minister of NationalMinister of Agriculture Development Planning
Local Governor
Chairman of the Working Group
Chairman : GovernorVice Chairman I : Arm Forces Commander
Vice Chairman II : Police CommanderExecutive Chairman : Deputy Governor
Secretary :Civil Defence Commander
MembersVertical Gov. OfficerProvinsial Officers
Territorial Commander
Red CrossScout Organization
Non-Government OrganizationBusinessmen
Team in Charge Team in Charge:
Team in Charge Team in Charge
Chairman : Head of District/MayorVice Chairman I : District Arm Forces Commander
Vice Chairman II : District Police CommanderExecutive Chairman : Head of Civil Defence Office
Secretary :Assistant District Secretary
District Disaster Relief
Members :Vertical Gov. OfficerProvinsial Officers
Territorial Commander
Red CrossScout Organization
Non-Government OrganizationBusinessmen
Task ForceSATGAS
Task ForceSATGAS
Task ForceSATGAS