History of the Earth, Oceans and Life~4.7 billion years ago (bya)- Earth forms~4.2 bya- Oceans form~3.6 bya- Life begins~2.0 bya- Oxygen rich atmosphere~570 million years ago (mya)- First animals~65 mya- Dinosaurs go extinct~1 mya- First hominids~230 years ago- U.S.A is formed ~29 years ago- Woody was formed
Early Earth
How Life Started
to vacuum pump
boiling water
sparkdischarge
liquid water in trap
water containingorganic compounds
water droplets
water in
condenser
electrodes
water out
CH4
NH3
H2OH2
gases
spontaneous formation of lipids,carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins,nucleotides under abiotic conditions
livingcells
self-replicating system enclosed in aselectively permeable, protective lipid sphere
DNA RNA enzymes andother proteins
formation ofprotein-RNA systems,
evolution of DNA
formation oflipid spheres
membrane-bound proto-cells
3.8 3.2 2.5
Cyclic pathway ofphotosynthesis
Noncyclic pathwayof photosynthesis
Aerobic respiration
Origin ofProkaryotes
Eubacterial Lineage
Ancestors of Eukaryotes
ArchaebacterialLineage
billion years ago
origins of eukaryotes
origins of animals
origins of fungi
origin of mitosis, meiosis
endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria
endosymbiotic origins of chloroplasts
1.2billion years
ago
900million years
ago
435million years
ago
ARCHAEBACTERIAExtreme halophilesMethanogensExtreme thermophiles
EUKARYOTESAnimals
Heterotrophic protistans
Fungi
Photosynthetic protistans
Plants
EUBACTERIAOxygen-producing
photosynthetic eubacteria
Other photosynthetic
eubacteria
Heterotrophic and
chemoautotrophic eubacteria
origins of plants
Photosynthetic protistans