Herbicide Control ofLygodium microphyllum
Jeff Hutchinson and Dr. Ken LangelandUniversity of Florida, Department of Agronomy
Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants
EISS 2007
Recommended Herbicides
Site Dependent• Wet (water present)
1) Glyphosate
2) Triclopyr
• Dry (no water present)
1) Metsulfuron methyl
2) Imazapic
NOTES:1) Refer to label prior to herbicide application
2) Use 0.5% non-ionic surfactant (v/v) with all herbicides and mixtures
RATES
Ground Aerial
High Volume Low Volume
Glyphosate 1-3% product 3.75-7.5 pt / 20 gal
Triclopyr 1-2% product N/A
Imazapic 0.75-1.5 % product N/A
Metsulfuron 2 oz / 100 gal 2 oz / 20 gal
Tank Mixes
• Combinations of:
1) Glyphosate
2) Metsulfuron methyl
3) Triclopyr 4) Imazapic
Tank Mixes
• For heavy infestations, tank mixes should not exceed 4% total products.
• For light to medium infestations, tank mixes should not exceed 2% total products.
• Need to take into account ca. density of native plants at treatment site.
Rotation and Tank Mixes of Herbicides
Resistance prevention
MetsulfuronImazapicImazapyrImazamox
MetsulfuronImazapicImazapyrImazamox
GlyphosateGlyphosate
TriclopyrTriclopyr
Non-Target Damage• Expect non-target damage
- Depends on Lygodium density
• Native ferns
• Rare plants
InitialTreatment
Follow-up Treatments
Cut or not cut?• Poodle-cut / Spray • No poodle-cut / Spray
Monitoring / Re-treatment
1. Re-growth occurs quickly following treatment
2. Treated sites need to be re-visited every 6 months (minimum)
3. Treat all re-growth
Average Treatment Cost / Ha
$400 $600 $800 $1000 $1200 $1400
Cut andSpray
(Rodeo)
Aerial(Rodeo)
Aerial(Escort)
Ground Treatments(ca. $1600+)
or $630/acre
Aerial Treatments(ca. $185)or $73/acre
$1600$200$100
Research
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Cut/S
pra
y
Basa
l
Folia
r 25%
Folia
r 50%
Folia
r 100%
Cut/S
pra
y
Basa
l
Folia
r 25%
Folia
r 50%
Folia
r 100%
Cut/S
pra
y
Basa
l
Folia
r 25%
Folia
r 50%
Folia
r 100%
Glyphosate Mesulfuron Triclopyr
Herbicide and Treatment
% T
ran
slo
cate
d
Rhiozomes
Bottom 50%
Top 50%
14C Herbicide Translocation Results
**
** ****
**
**
Metsulfuron
methyl
Triclopyr
Greenhouse Herbicide ScreeningDry Weight Biomass (post-treatment)
Herbicide Dry Weight (g)
Glyphosate 0.13
Metsulfuron methyl 0.61
Imazapyr 4.07
Imazapic 3.58
Quinclorac 8.01
Penoxsulam 7.71
Imazamox 10.37
Triclopyr 0.00
Control 9.68
Herbicide Rate (kg a.e.) Dry Weight (g)
Imazamox 0.06 2.27
0.12 0.35
0.24 0.03
0.48 0.01
Fluroxypyr 5.25 6.34
10.5 8.63
21.0 3.51
42.0 1.00
Aminopyralid 0.015 2.09
0.03 5.35
0.06 0.48
0.12 3.84
Dry Weight Biomass
Herbicide
% ChangeL. microphyllum
% ChangeNative Plants
% ChangeSpecies Richness
Glyphosate 2% - 84.1 - 56.9 + 2.8
Metsulfuron 2 oz - 74.6 - 31.6 + 2.5
Triclopyr 2% - 91.5 - 31.4 - 5.1
Imazapic 1.5% - 82.8 - 71.5 - 48.5
Metsulfuron +
Glyphosate
- 89.1 - 53.8 - 27.3
Metsulfuron +
Triclopyr
- 91.5 - 43.6 - 24.3
Glyphosate +
Imazapic
- 92.4 - 55.3 - 30.1
Field Trial Results (6 months)
Aerial Application - Loxahatchee NWRLygodium microphyllum
Pre-treatment 1 Year Post Trt
Treatment Mean S.E. Mean S.E. % Change
Escort 2 oz 67.33 4.40 0.38 0.14 - 99.44
Escort 4 oz 59.46 2.62 1.47 0.48 - 97.53
Rodeo 3.75 pt. 66.50 3.64 7.00 1.62 - 89.47
Rodeo 7.50 pt. 69.72 2.35 8.07 1.31 - 88.43
Control 46.01 5.14 56.97 4.79 + 23.82
Swamp fern
Cinnamon fern
Virginia chain fern Royal fern
Wild grape
Green brier
Escort
(2 oz)
Pre 22.4 1.1 0.4 0.8 8.6 10.4
1 Yr 1.5 0.1 <0.1 0.0 21.2 0.9
% Change -93.5 -90.2 -94.8 -100.0 +147.4 -91.7
Escort
(4 oz)
Pre 26.3 0.7 0.5 1.3 9.3 14.4
1 Yr 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 23.0 0.5
% Change -88.4 -45.1 -44.3 -77.3 +148.5 -96.5
Glyphos
(3.75 pt)
Pre 32.7 0.8 0.2 1.8 11.1 19.0
1 Yr 6.3 2.9 2.4 0.4 12.8 0.5
% Change -80.6 +280.5 +1523.3 -78.2 +15.0 -97.6
Glyphos
(7.5 pt)
Pre 25.8 1.1 0.8 1.8 10.8 14.1
1 Yr 2.3 4.3 2.4 0.4 22.1 0.3
% Change -90.9 +291.9 +183.0 -80.7 +105.8 -98.2
Control
Pre 33.3 1.3 1.8 0.4 7.2 12.0
1 Yr 38.3 9.5 0.2 0.9 2.6 4.9
% Change +15.0 +635.7 -88.1 +112.6 -63.8 -56.5
Ground Cover
% Survival
Swamp bay
Dahoon holly
Wax myrtle Myrsine
Metsulfuron (2 oz) 80.8 82.4 71.2 6.7
Metsulfuron (4 oz) 89.7 79.1 80.5 0.0
Glyphosate 3.75 pt 54.0 85.4 32.0 100.0
Glyphosate 7.5 pt 24.5 52.2 20.8 66.7
Control 100.0 100.0 70.4 100.0
Shrubs / Trees
Conclusions
1. Herbicides (glyphosate, metsulfuron methyl, triclopyr, and imazapic) are effective
2. Tank mixes of these herbicides are acceptable, but lower rates should be used in areas of lower infestations
3. Non-target damage will be unavoidable
4. Regardless of the herbicide or herbicides used, re-treatment will likely be required
QuestionQuestionss