Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Heavy attacks of yellow rust in southern Sweden for the last
seven years
Louise Aldén and Gunilla Berg Swedish Board of Agriculture
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Helsingör 5-8 July 2015
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Outline
• Background Sweden • Monitoring data • Several different races during a short period • Race investigation, inoculation field trials
cooperation with Aarhus University • Yield losses • Conclusion
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Sweden - arable land 2,6 million hectare
Cereals Hectare average 2010-2014
Total Scania Winter wheat 310 000 100 000 Spring wheat 81 800 8 800 Triticale 29 000 4 600 Spring barley 331 000 76 600 Oats 181 400 9 000
Source: Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
- Monitoring system - Pest and disease prognosis - Early warning - Diagnosis - Information
Plant protection centre, 5 regions in Sweden
Stockholm
Göteborg
Malmö
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Winter wheat - Yellow rust - monitoring southern Sweden – Scania, Blekinge, Halland Source: Jordbruksverket, Växtskyddscentralen, Alnarp Monitoring 70-80 plots /year in farmers fields, different varieties
0
20
40
60
80
100
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
% a.acked leaves
Year
Winter wheat -‐ assessment GS 73-‐75
Yellow rust
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
2008 - severe yellow rust in former resistent varieties Tulsa and SW Gnejs
Tulsa 4th May 2008
• New race?? • Which varieties can be susceptible?
• Cooperation agreement with MS Hovmøller, Aarhus University • Investigate yellow rust races • Test “swedish” varieties for YR susceptibility to recent
races in inoculated field trials
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Yellow rust races 2008 Source: www.wheatrust.org
Tulsa race
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Middle of % severity Variety Robigus race Tulsa race Lynx race Akteur 22,2 19,7 20 Audi 0,0 0,0 0,0 Cubus 0,0 0,0 0,0 Ellvis 0,0 0,0 0,0 Hereford 0,8 0,0 0,0 IG Kerubino 21,4 4,8 (2,2) Kranich 0,0 0,0 0,1 Mariboss 0,0 0,0 0,0 Oakley 0,1 1.3* 0,6 Olivin 6,3 13,3 17,8 Opus 1,7 2,1 2,4 Skalmeje 6,4 0,0 (0,9) SW Gnejs 31,7 10,5 (1,6) Tulsa 25,3 36,4 28,6 Anja, control 25,3 36,4 28,6 Sleipner, control 67,5 (29,7) 60,6
Source: MS Hovmøller Aarhus University
Yellow rust susceptibility to recent races in inoculated field trial 2009
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
2011 severe yellow rust in former resistent varieties Kranich and Audi – new race again?
November 2011
Teliospores May 2012
November 2011
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Very YR susceptible winter wheat varieties – Sweden total (%) of approved seed acreage
Scania 2008 – susceptible varieties Tulsa and SW Gnejs > 50 % wheat area
0
5
10
15
20
25
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Kranich Audi Cumulus Tulsa SW Gnejs
source: Swedish Board of Agriculturell
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Yellow rust races Sweden 2008-2014 Source: www.wheatrust.org
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Triticale - Yellow rust – monitoring East ern part of Sweden - Östergötland, Södermanland, Närke Source: Jordbruksverket, Växtskyddscentralen, Linköping
0
20
40
60
80
100
94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
A.acked leaves, %
Year
TriJcale -‐ assesment GS 65-‐ 75
Predominating varieties 2009-2010 Dinaro and Cando very suspectible to aggressive triticale race
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Triticale – increased problems 2015
Ear attack common
Picture from western part of Sweden, June 2015
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Spring wheat - yellow rust monitoring south ern Sweden Source: Jordbruksverket, Växtskyddscentralen, Alnarp All grown varieties susceptible , Monitoring 10-15 plots /year
0
20
40
60
80
100
20 22 31 33 39 43 47 55 61 65 71 75
Atta
cked
leav
es ,
%
Growth stage , GS
Development of yellow rust during seasons 2011-2015
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Winter wheat - variety trial – severe yellow rust
Söder-köping 2012
Kalmar 2012
Scania 5 trials 2014
Variety Yield increase
tonnes/ha
Yield increase
tonnes/ha
Yield increase
tonnes/ha
Kranich 2,67 3,16 2,95
Audi 5,35 5,76 7,06
Cumulus 7,22 7,19 7.17
Treatment: GS 31 Flexity 0,25 + Tilt Top 0,25
GS 39 Proline 0,4 + Comet 0,25 + Sportak 0,5 GS 59 Proline 0,4
Söderköping
Kalmar
Scania
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Approved fungicides in cereal, Sweden 2015
Frac code
Mode of action Active substance Product name Mixtures product
11 Strobilurins (Qol) Azoxystrobin Picoxystrobin Pyraclostrobin
Amistar/Mirador Acanto Comet/Comet Pro
3 DMI-fungicides
Difenoconazole Propiconazole Prothioconazole Prochloraz
Tilt/Bumper/Bolt XL Proline Sportak
Armure Stereo, Armure
5 Morpholines Fenpropidin Fenpropimorph
Tern Forbel
9 Anilino-pyrimidines Cyprodinil Kayak Stereo
1 MBC-fungicides Thiophanate-methyl Topsin
U8 Benzophenone Metrafenone Flexity U6 Phenylacetamide Cyflufenamid Upstream
7 SDHI No SDHI approved in cereals
Plant Protection Centre Alnarp
Yellow rust - Conclusions
• Resistant varieties most efficient way to control the disease
• New yellow rust race can appear quickly, important to follow development
• Monitor crops regulary
• Under very favourable circumstances can disease appear also in less susceptible varieties (2015 e.g. Hereford, Julius, Praktik)
• Control of susceptible varieties needs several fungicide treatments (GS 30-59).
• Established attacks of yellow rust are very difficult to control