Health Sciences 1101
Medical Terminology
Module 6The Digestive System
General Digestive System TermsGastr/o: Pertaining to the stomach
Enter/o: Pertaining to the intestines
Gatrologist, enterologist and gastroenterologist
-pepsia: Pertaining to digestion
Dent/o: Pertaining to the teeth
Odont/o: Pertaining to the teeth
Dentist, odontist, periodontist, orthodontist
Digestive System Basics
Digestive System Organ Terms
Gingiv/o: Gums
Gloss/o or lingu/o: Tongue
Or/o or stomat/o: Mouth
Esophag/o: Esophagus
Pharyg/o: Pharynx
Maxill/o: Jaw
Digestive System Organ Terms
Gastr/o: Stomach
Duoden/o: Duodenum
Enter/o: Intestines
Jejun/o: Jejunum
Ile/o: Illeum
Digestive System Organ Terms
Append/o or appendic/o: Appendix
Col/o or colon/o: Colon
Proct/o: Anus or rectum
Rect/o: Rectum
Sigmoid/o: Sigmoid colon
Digestive System Organ Terms
Cholangi/o: Bile vessel
Cholecyst/o: Gallbladder
Choledoch/o: Bile duct
Hepat/o: Liver
Pancreat/o: Pancreas
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Products of the Digestive System
Ptyal/o: Saliva
Sial/o: Saliva or salivary gland
Bowel movement: Feces or defecation
Diarrhea: Passage of watery bowel movements
Chol/e: bile or gall
Emesis: vomit
Muc/ous: Mucus
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Digestive System Pathology
Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Borborygmus: Gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine.
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease caused by prolonged destruction of liver cells. Can lead to ineffective liver function and jaundice.
Digestive System Pathology
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver
Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas
Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix
Dysentery: Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon which can be caused by irritants, bacteria, or parasites.
Digestive System PathologyFistula: Abnormal passage from one
site to another or from a hollow organ to the surface.
Hernia: Protrusion of projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it.
Polyp: Small, tumor like, benign growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface.
Ulcer: Open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of necrotic tissue.
Digestive System Pathology
Jaundice: Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by high blood levels of bilirubin
Obesity: The accumulation of body fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards. Typically 20% above ideal body weight.
Morbid Obesity: More severe than obesity. A body mass index (BMI) over 40 which is generally more than 100 pounds above ideal body weight.
Digestive System PathologyInflammatory Bowel Disease
(IBD): Ulceration of the mucosa of the colon. Also known as ulcerative colitis.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Condition characterized by gastrointestinal discomfort, signs and symptoms including constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating. Also called spastic colon.
Crohn disease: Chronic IBD that usually affects the ileum. Also called regional colitis.
Digestive System Pathology
Gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GRD): Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter
Volvulus: Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction.
Diverticular disease: Bulging pouches or diverticula push the mucosal lining outward through the surrounding muscle.
Digestive System Diagnosis and Treatment
Barium swallow: Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate
Barium enema: Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon using barium sulfate as a contrast medium
Scopes: A number of different scope techniques can be used to observe the various organs of the digestive system.
Other imaging techniques:
Digestive System Diagnosis and Treatment
Endoscopy: Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called and endoscope.
Stool Guaiac or hemoccult test: Test performed on feces to detect the presence of blood.
Digestive System Diagnosis and Treatment
Bariatric surgery: Group of procedures to treat morbid obesity
Vertical banded gastroplasty: vertically stapling the stomach near the esophagus to reduce the size of the stomach
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Stomach is stapled and the duodenum is shortened to reduce the absorption of calories and fats. End result is a Y shaped configuration.
Lithotripsy: Crushing of stones using sound waves.
Nasogastric Intubation: Insertion of a tube into the stomach through the nose