H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC1
TThe engineer of the 21st century:a renaissance engineer?
H.De ManEm.Prof. K.U.Leuven
Em. Senior Fellow [email protected]
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC2
Outline
1. The industry and the role of the Ph.D.
2. The 21st Century: a renaissance century?– Extreme changes in society-technology-science
3. The renaissance engineer of the 21st century– Profile– Skills and attitudes
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC3
1.‘The’ industry and role of engineer
Society
Market
Concept
ProductService=system
opportunity
Specify Design Manufacture
Technology, MethodologyBasic science
Social skills
What? How?
Sales
Time
Time =money, time to market = win or lose! Good enough > best
Bridge of innovation: knowledge -> know-how -> €€$$
€
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC4
Many Engineering profiles…
Society
Marketopportunity
Concept SystemSpecify Design Manufacture
R&D. Eng
Market analyst
System Eng
Design Eng
one team
Process Eng
Service/application Eng
What? How?
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC5
System?
Natural Technical
“Set of interacting (sub)systems perceived as a whole, performing a useful function by interaction with human
or other environment.”
System System
Whole,Function
StructureArchitectureA-Levels
HierarchySynthesis
Abstract
Specific
Top-DownBottom-UpImplementation
MIM
Subsystem = component
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC6
Engineer ¹ Scientist!
Engineer Scientist
DesignsDiscovers
= analysisof
Natural Systems
Laws of NatureKnowledge
= synthesis of
Technical Systems
Product, Service,Process
CreativeMultiple Solutions
Contemplative Single valued
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC7
Synthesis: from abstract to specific (Top-down design)
Environment
System
Method to master complexity!
Boundary Conditions
1
2
3
1 2
3
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC9
Designing a Chip Designing a Bacterium
genoom DNA Design!
IN OUT
IN OUT
A remarkable parallel…
gaattcgcgg…10011000..
E-Engineer Bio-Engineer
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC10
Organizing System Engineering
System Architect (senior)– Tall-Thin person, fought in all trenches, technical leadership– Generalist in technology, master in complexity and people
mgmt. & planning & system integration, non-tech comm. skills
Engineering teams (junior)– Short and Fat. Technical experts at AL. – Team and communication skills
Process design:– System level design: process architects– Process integration– Process engineering teams- > process flow, PERT planning – Communication and reporting protocol
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC11
Of projects,teams and testing
Project(Architecture)
Task at givenAbstraction level
Design trajectory#1 2 3 4
Vertical Design team (Waterfall)
ConcurrentDesign teams(ConcurrentEngineering)
SequentialDesign
Tv
T1
T2T3
Precedence 1 project, n teams Parallel teams
T1
T4
TEST
integrationtest
testtest test
CAE!
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC12
Industrial eco-system: also a system!
Ph.D. friendlySupport industry
CAE Parts
Materials
Design offices Research Institutes
Machines
Companies interact in a hierarchical ind. “eco-system”
Society
Market
Concept SystemSpecify Design Produce
What? How?
Outsourcing
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC14
Globalising Industrial Eco-systeem
SystemAssembly
CHIPfoundry
NetworkOperators
€€€
Internet Providers
InternetCommerce
SoftwareServices
Infotainment Industry
IP
Telecom Parts
Fabless Design
EmbeddedSoftware...
Consumer Products IP
Network of agile KNOWLEDGE intensive companies
Smart Fab. MechatronicsProcess Dev.
IP
IP=intellectual propertyTowards ‘open innovation’
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC15
virtual company 1
USB PRODUCT
=>Young entrepreneurship in virtual companies...
The industry of the 21st century = dynamic networkof knowledge based companies
that design and produce globally
agile Hi-Tech SME Core competence
ITCL
CHIPEXPRESS
INTEL
MICROSOFT
virtual company 2
Telecomswitch EASICSEASICS
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC16
Apple as a virtual global company
http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPad-Wi-Fi-Teardown/2183/2
Samsung (Korea) ARM (UK) APSemi(US)TI (US)NXP (NL)Compeq (Taiwan)LG (Korea)Qualcomm (US-NL)Assembly/Battery (China)Touch screen(D, China)
System=Apple Calif.
AppsMediaLocationGamesWeatherLifestyle…WORLD
Ipad
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC17
Want to be a manager? Which one?
ProductMarket
Concept SystemSpecify Design Produce
timecost
CEO
Board of Directors
Share Holders
CTO
COO
CFOBDO HRM
Ph.D. Eng
CTOCOOCEOBDOCFOHRMCLO
Mgmteam
BOD
€
General assembly
Stock Market
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC18
Where does the Ph.D. fit into this?
• Profile best suited for research oriented companies and research institutes
a) Research intensity of Belgian companies?
b) Hi-tech start-ups for the entrepreneurially minded
c) Research institutes offer career or a bridge to the industrial (hi tech) R&D world
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC19
a) Research intensity per sector (B)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Land
bouw
- en
voed
ing
Texti
el- e
n kle
ding
Lede
r- en
scho
enen
Hout
Papier
- en
karto
n
Verco
oksin
g, ra
ffinag
e en
nuc
leaire
Chemie
farm
aceu
tisch
e in
dustrie
Rubbe
r- en
plas
tics
Produ
ctie
van
over
ige n
iet-m
etale
n m
inera
len
Met
aalin
dustr
ie
Produ
ctie
van
mac
hines
Elekt
rote
chnie
k en
ICT
Produ
ctie
van
trans
portm
ater
ieel
Ander
e ve
rwer
kend
e ind
ustri
eën
Econ. Weight
R&D-SpendingR&D-Personnel
http://www.pharma.be/assets/files/2177/2177_129356773597856484.pdf
13
2
456
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC20
10% Ind. R&D personnel = Ph.D.
10%
48%
26%
16%
Ph.D.
Master Univ.
Master Hogeschool
Technici-Admin
http://www.belspo.be/belspo/home/publ/pub_ostc/ind/ind9_nl.pdf
R&D teamleader = CTOSystem architectExpert team member
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC21
R&D share vs. size of company
SME Country!
R&D share
http://www.belspo.be/belspo/home/publ/pub_ostc/ind/ind9_nl.pdf
+10%-9%
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC23
Eindhoven-Leuven-AachenHi-Tech Area
http://www.elat.org/
Open Innovation concept NIHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_innovation
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC24
R&D Cluster 2: Leuven Bio-Incubator: innovation shift!
Roche CHAthersys USA
J&J, Bayer, BASF…
R&D
Univ
€
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC25
Flanders Bio Cluster3
http://flandersbio.be/files/Activity_Report_FlandersBio_LowRes.pdf
http://flandersbio.be/files/BIOTECH_WEB.pdf
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC26
b) Start your own Hi-Tech SME?
Do you have a good concept with market value?Are you creative, entrepreneurial, flexible? Then:
• International Market study
• Business plan
• Financial plan
• Search for venture capital provider(s)
• Team : CEO, (COO), CTO, marketing, R&D team
Make use of starter’s coaching!!!TEST YOURSELF! www.sokwadraat.be/Page-online_START_UP_ready_tes-NL.htm
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC27
Starter’s coaching
lrd.kuleuven.be/spinoff/index
ACCO 10€
www.sokwadraat.be/
… …http://www.robtv.be/nieuws/leuven/so-kwadraat-wil-10000-jobs-creeren
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC28
Venture Capital Providers
www.allegroinvestmentfund.com lrd.kuleuven.be/spinoff/gff-informatie
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC29
Test your creativity and innovation skills…
www.flandersdc.be/view/nl/1397131
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC30
c) Research Institutes (RI)• Bridge between university and industry (worldwide)• From knowledge->know-how and transfer to industry• System oriented/multidisciplinary (demonstrators!)• Creation of industrial leadership (system thinking) • Generator, incubator and coaching of spin-offs
IMEC (micro-nano-neuro-solar energy tech)VIB (bio-tech)VITO (energy, environment)IBBT (societal apps for broadband communication)ENERGYVILLE (smart grids)FMTC (mechatronics)SCK (nuclear tech, 4th gen nuclear)
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC31
Universities
Role of research institutes…
Industry
System levelIntegrative R&D
Exploratory Research
0
5
10
Time Fram
e (years)
2010
2020
Ph.D
Society
Transfer-Spin-off
R&D teams
Demonstrators
Integrating research into solutions…
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC32
RI: Meeting place of academy and industry
professor Ph.D.M.Sc
AffiliatedUniversities
AffiliatedCompanies Thematic ‘vertical’
system projects
Start-ups
ValorisationCoachingContracting
ind. resident IP
investments
Ph.D.ind. M.Sc
Methods, prototypes, IPFundamental hor. problems
Ph.D, academia
Research Institute
L.T. M.L.T.
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC33
Websites
IMEC: www2.imec.be/be_nl/home.htmlVITO : www.vito.be/VITO/NL/HomePageAdmin/HomeVIB: www.vib.be/nl/Pages/default.aspxIBBT: http://www.ibbt.be/nlENERGYVILLE: www.energyville.be/indexeng.htmlFMTC: www.fmtc.be/en/getpage.php?i=1SCK: www.sckcen.be/
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC34
Outline
1. The industry and the role of the Ph.D.
2. The 21st Century: a renaissance century?– Extreme changes in society-technology-science
3. The renaissance engineer of the 21st century– Profile– Skills and attitudes
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC35
A century of ‘Megashocks’
See: Econoshock, Geert Noels, Hautekiet ‘Hoe 6 economische schokken uw leven
fundamenteel zullen veranderen’
• Demography: towards 9B in 2050, aging of society• Center of gravity moves east (multipolar world)• ICT driven globalisation, social media, revolutions• End of fossil fuels, scarsity of raw materials• Towards ‘post-capitalist’ society?*• Towards a green economy
Simultaneous Megashocks…
*www.tedxbrussels.eu/2011/speakers/marc-luyckx-ghisi/
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC38
PersonalisedServices, products Lifestyle Health Care
ComputerChips, DNA, tech at nano-scale
21 Information+
Communication(ICT)
+
Bio-Neuro-en Nanotech
III BrainsKnowledge
IV
Technological Shocks
Labour
Capital
Fossil Fuel EnergyMachines
Electrical EnergyManufacturing
Mat. GoodsCars, Planes
20Century Technology Production factor Product
I
II
Sustainability !
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC39
Science and Technologyare merging into Techno-Science!
1800 1900 2000
Phys.Sc.Th
At
QuLife
Sciences
Scale Macro Micro
Technology
Energy Mfg. Goods Information
Era Science
MEl
NeuroScience
Intelligent systems?
+Bio+Nano+Energy
ConvergenceIntelligenceComplexity
Techno-Science
Nano
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC40
=> Converging Technologies
‘Creativity is connecting things’ Steve JobsVan Santen et al.: 2030 Technology that will change the world (Oxford)http://ec.europa.eu/research/conferences/2004/ntw/pdf/final_report_en.pdf
Innovation will emerge from synergyof techno-science disciplines rather than from
individual disciplines e.g.
Ambient IntelligenceMechatronics / Nanoelectronics /NanomaterialsSmart MobilitySmart Grids + PVSynthetic biology Nano-medicinePersonalized (tele)medicine…
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC41
Ambient Intelligence
HARDWARE
“Embedded” SOFTWARE
A/D D/A
Components Sensors Actuators
Machine, Building Biosystem, Man, Animal…observation control
p,T,x’’...
v(t)
“Environment”
Signal Processing
0110101..
SignalConditioning
transmission
ActuatorPowering
ICT-Cw-Bio-Nano-Intelligence
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC42
AmI changes the way peopleexperiences his surroundings
Requires holistic approach:Society driven technology i.o.tech driven society.(social innovation)
Renaissance ingenieurs needed!
Bron: E. Aarts, Philips
Impacts whole society
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC43
Mechatronics
http://www.edn.com/article/509476-Complexity_demands_a_new_engineering_mindset.php
Ambient Intelligence applied to mech systems
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC44
Smart Grid: El.Net + ICTEnergyville (Waterschei EIT)
Bron: VITO
VITOKULIBBTIMECEandisInfraxSPETelenetBelgacomAlcatelLaborelecFifthplay…
Nuclear Gas
Solar Roofs
Wind turbines
mWKK
ICT forSmart E-control
E-Storage
TelecomEV
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC45
Synthetic Biology= Where Bio meets Engineering
SYNBIO
Biology Engineering
Specifications
Product
Chemistry
Standardized BioPartsDNASeqSyn
System Design Methodology
Simulation-Modeling ToolsBioInformatics
bioethics
genoom DNA Ontwerp!
UIT
gaattcgcgg…
IN
BioBrick
http://partsregistry.org/Main_Page
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC46Bio-Nano-ICT convergence at all stages!
Gene Chip
BioSensors
LoC, Mol. Imaging
BioSensorsTelemed.
Targeted Drug Delivery
Bio-informatics
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC47
Biotope of today’s engineer (scientist)
• Information explosion: *3/10y, 6000p/day…
• Unprecedented rate of Change: half-life product < 5y
• Converging disciplines: broad-depth conflict
• Globalised markets, virtual companies
• Towards flat, agile company structures
• Sustainable manufacturing crucial (cradle-to-cradle, recycling)
• More societal responsibility imposed by law
• Trend towards ‘open innovation’ eco-systems (sharing cost)
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC49
Remember..
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, or the most intelligent; it is the one most capable of change
Darwin
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC50
Outline
1. The industry and the role of the Ph.D.
2. The 21st Century: a renaissance century?– Extreme changes in society-technology-science
3. The renaissance engineer of the 21st century– Profile– Skills and attitudes
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC51
‘Renaissance Engineer’ ?
Renaissance = system oriented merging of disciplines in the fast changing biotope of the 21st century…
• Engineer oriented towards social innovation =
• Innovation driven by the grand societal needs of the 21st century and in an economic- ecologic win-win scenario
• Operating in agile, dynamic and virtual company structures
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC52
Renaissance Engineer?
This one?
???4 16/1
0
2
dxe x
or that one?
Not Really!
Individualists
Omniscientists
Slideware designers
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC53
But renaissance engineer is:
M/W oriented towards social innovation:– Teamplayer techno nerd– With cross-disciplinary communication skills– Trained in system thinking (sees the whole)– Independent and interpersonal lifelong learning skills– Able to cope with diversity and change – World citizen (language, culture…)
Co-architect of future society– From societal vision to customer solutions– With sustainable economic value: entrepreneur!– An eye for moral and ethical values– Willing to to participate to the public debate!
http://www.newproductdynamics.com/FldGd1998/FldGd1998.pdf
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC55
Are our universities ready for that?
Today Tomorrow
Sciences Engineering Social Sciences
Hyperspecialized publication fever
Mono-disciplinary research funding
Publication oriented Eng. Ph.D.
⇒ Academic career
Techno-science for Social Innovation
Cross-disciplinary research and education
Cross-disciplinary funding
Innovation oriented Eng. Ph.D.
⇒ Technical leadership
Entrepreneurial thinking
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC56
Perception of Ph.D. in industry
This…
Independent problem solving
Deep specialisation (peephole)
Research skills
Peer-to-peer communication
But also that?
Too solitary?
Not enough eye for context?
Innovation skills?
Social skills?
Market aware, economic skills?
Open up your mind!
IQ ok! EQ?
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC57
What can you do about it?
• Be open for teamwork (leadership – membership)
• Coaching of team-based project education
• Contact companies at international conferences
• Test yourself for creativity and entrepreneurship
• Take the ‘Initiatie tot ondernemen’ course
• Go for industrial internalships
• Get language and cultural skills: explore the world!
• Confront your research with public opinion…
• …
H.De Man/KULeuven/IMEC58
Dismantled mythes…
www.ugent.be/nl/onderzoek/doctoreren/visie/rapportdoctoreren/survey2006.pdf
Doctoreren in Vlaanderen (3695 ondervraagden)
1. Ph.D. presents no added value at recruitment- 73% yes to added value, 10% neutral, 17% no
- After that counts WHO you are (EQ!)
2. Ph.D. has no impact on salary- Not so. On average 248€ more, after 10-15y 496€
- But that’s not what you do it for, I suppose?
3. Professional experience at university is crucial- Only 33% thinks yes…rest thinks other skills count
more