Have you ever wondered how old a mountain is?
Mountains, valleys and hills can form slowly, and some form
very quickly.
Modeling Earth’s Landforms
1. As a table (group of 4), form clay into pea-size balls. Use the balls to model a mountain landform on the plate provided.
2.
Data collection Chart
(quaLitative & quaNtitative)
Number of balls removed
Observation
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.
Science Interactive Notebook Left side of your notebook Right side of your notebook
mrscdaniels.weebly.com
Science Concepts
You should be able to explain: what landforms are What makes each landform different from
others
Reading Strategy
• RAP
•Read one chunk at a time
•Ask yourself what’s the main idea and supporting details
•Paraphrase to your partner
RAP (page 64)
Landforms
Topography = all kinds of lands
Land has many different Shapes
Types of mountains- Rocky (jagged) - Appalachian (lower / round)
Volcanoes = Different mountains
(not in ranges)
Hills like mountains (lower)
Plains = flat Farming
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
T= Mountain Hills and Plains • Landforms
Topography
Mountains
- Natural land shape feature - Feature
- All kinds of landforms - In certain / specific areas
- landform - Much higher - Occurs in groups / ranges- Mountain ranges differ
T=Mountain, Hills & Plains (2of2)
• Volcanic Areas
• Hills
• Plains
- individual mountains • Steep sides • Rounded slopes
- landforms = mountains • Not as high • Rounded slopes
- Large - Flat landforms
• Little relief- relief
• Difference in elevation• Mid US • Great Plains very large plains - Formed in different ways
RAP
Landforms of Sand
Shaped by wind & water
Sand DunesMove 100 feet /year
Rivers can form sand landforms
- sandbars
Water moves sand- Sand spits
- Barrier islands
RAP
Landforms from water
Mesa are created by
running water Canyons …
Formed by rivers.
Canyons formed by run-off water
T= Landforms of Sand (1 of 2) • some landforms
Sand Dunes
- Made of sand and bits of rocks • Move • Shaped by wind and water • Easily changed
- sand hill • Shaped by wind • Moves • Can move up to 100ft in a year
- Water can move sand • Reshapes beaches
• Forming sand spits & Barrier islands• Along the Atlantic Coast &
Gulf of Mexico
T= Landforms of Sand (2 of 2) • Rivers - Can make sand landforms
• Carry sand from land - Sandbar (landform)
• Flow slows • Sand settles • Pacific Coast
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
T= Landforms From Water • Mesa
Canyons
- Tall, flat-topped rock - Mesa= table in Spanish - Forms as water erodes the surrounding rocks- Monument Valley
• Utah • Home of many mesas
- deep valleys with steep sides- Throughout the Southwest
- Grand Canyon (Arizona) • Largest canyon in the world • Thousands of years to form • Rushing waters of Colorado
- Carved through - Forming mile deep canyon
- not all canyons are made by rivers • Some formed by water runoff
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
RAP Landforms
from Water Topography – Varied in SW
Mesa –Tall flat rock
Made by water
Canyons - Deep valleys & - Steep sides
- Grand Canyon Largest Canyon - Arizona
- Develop by Colorado River
Not all canyons
are made by rivers
Georgia’s Geological Regions
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (1of 2) • Landforms
Northwestern
- Georgia• Divided into different regions• Geologist vary
• 4 / 5/ 6 regions - Easiest way to separate
• earth’s crust in each location
- Valley and Ridge Region• Rocks
• Slowly pushed and folded many times • Many Peaks and Valleys
• Boarded by Appalachian Mountains • Cartersville fault
- Fault • Break in Earth’s crust
T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (2 of 2) • Blue Ridge Region
Piedmont Region (Home!)
Coastal Plain
- Home to Brasstown Bald • Highest point in Georgia
- Largest region• low, flat land• Extends from Piedmont to Atlantic Ocean • Many rivers • A lot of wet, marshy land • Ideal for growing crops
- Middle of the state • Rolling hills
• Remains of ancient mountain range• Famous red clay • Biggest cities
- Atlanta, Athens
RAP
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Erosion Video
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-ULcVdeqgE Bill Nye – Erosion
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EMqRjvMk2A Bill Nye – Erosion
3. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exS9gFXgib0 4. Tooth erosion = real life connection
Essential Terms Weathering
The process of wearing away rocks by a natural
means
(BREAKING)
Erosion The process of moving
sediments by wind, moving water & ice
(Carrying Away)
Topography
Surface landforms of an area.
Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains
Sinkholes
A large hole formed when the roof of a
cave collapses
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Changes caused by wind
Supporting Details /
Reasons / Facts
Supporting Details /
Reasons / Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Changes caused by wind
Sand wears away rocks
Breaking into small pieces
Wind Carries Sand
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
T= Changes Caused by Wind• Weathering
Sand Dunes
- Wearing away rocks • Natural means
- Weathered pieces • Carried away by wind • Keep moving • Large pieces fall
- Over time • Wind leaves small piles • Piles grow and grow • Piles evolve into dunes
- locations • deserts, beaches & lakeshores• Along the Atlantic Coast
- Heights • As high as 30-story building
- Pros & cons • Protect land during storms • Damage buildings & roads
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
changes caused by moving water
Main Idea
Moving water Can change the Earth’s surface
Water is POWERFUL! It can dig a mile
deep Canyon
Deposits and water can change the rivers /
RAP
Moving water / Erosion
Change the Earth’s Surface
Flowing river erodes Supporting Details /
Reasons / Facts
Moving water - Change path of river - Dig 1 mile deep canyon
River is deeper Sediments moveThen deposited Changing the river
T= Changes Caused by Moving Water • Moving Water
Rapidly Flowing River
- change the Earth’s surface • Carries soil & small pieces of rock
- Erosion • Process of moving sediment
• By wind, water, ice - Water
• Important cause of change • dig a mile-deep canyon • Change path of river
- Erodes • Banks
• Widens river • Bottoms
• Deepens river- Carries sediments
• Deposits • narrow river banks • Bottom shallow
• Emma’s question: What are sediments
• Sediments are rocks, sand and dirt and maybe even natural resources. Jake the Snake
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
T= Erosion and Deposition (1 of 2)__ • Moving Water
Rain Water
Ocean Waves
- Creates energy • Moves sediment • The faster it moves = the > energy created • Fast water = erodes a lot • Slow water = erodes small amounts
- Can cause erosion- Moving water carriers sediments - May leave gullies or ditches
- Can change landforms • each wave can bring more sand
- Deposition • Sediments drops out of water
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
T= Erosion and Deposition (2 of 2)_ • River’s Mouth
Delta
Flooding
- place where it empties into the ocean • flow of water slows as it reaches ocean• deposits of sediment settle
• Forms Delta
- An area of new land @ the mouth of a River• Made from sediment
- Can deposit sediment near river • Heavy rain pushes water into banks • Water returns
• Sediment remain • Rich in nutrients • Flood Plains
• Good for farming
Videos
• Videos: Sinkholes & Landslides: http://kfor.com/2014/04/30/massive-sinkhole-landslide-swallows-cars-in-baltimore/
• Sinkholes in Georgia: http://www.cbs46.com/story/22170726/sinkhole-closes-cherokee-county-road
• Time Lapse of a plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-FO8tZQGfk
• Time Lapse of Plant roots: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDA8rmUP5ZM
• Earth’s Crust: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0
Essential Terms Weathering
The process of wearing away rocks by a natural
means
(BREAKING)
Delta The triangular
deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river
Erosion The process of moving
sediments by wind, moving water & ice
(Carrying Away)
Topography
Surface landforms of an area.
Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains
Sinkholes
A large hole formed when the roof of a
cave collapses
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Sinkholes / Landslides
Water can erode and Weather soft rocks
Weight can causeroad to collapse
soil, mud and rocks Can make things move
Quickly
Landslides can occur After rain or earthquakes
T= Sinkholes and Landslides • Underground
Water
Gravity
- is powerful, too. • Weather and erode soft rocks
- Underground erosion • Causes caves to form
• Underground caves collapse - Weight on top Underground
• Caves near the surface• Sinkholes may open suddenly
• Large holes • Found where limestone is
• Usually Florida
- Like water, cause land-changing process- Landslides
• Soil, mud, rock move quickly• Happens suddenly
- after earthquakes or heavy rains
Essential Terms Weathering
The process of wearing away rocks by a natural
means
(BREAKING)
Delta The triangular
deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river
Erosion The process of moving
sediments by wind, moving water & ice
(Carrying Away)
Topography
Surface landforms of an area.
Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains
Sinkholes
A large hole formed when the roof of a
cave collapses
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Main Idea
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Plants
Causes weathering & erosion
roots move break rocks
Preserve & protectHold soil
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Trees and cover crops Preserve the land and STOPS
Erosion
T= Plants_( & ) _____________ • Weathering
Roots Protect
Cover Crops
- the process of wearing away- Seed germinates
• Sends roots into cracks / holes • Roots grow
• Can break rocks in pieces
- Preserve Earth’s landforms • holds soil and sand in place
• Helps prevent wind & water erosion
- Helps return nutrients to soil- Trees help prevent wind erosion
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
The Structure of Earth
Digging deep in the Earth - But it’s not rock
- 4,000 miles is the center of Earth
4 different layers
- 10 major plates- Float & move
- Affect each other
Outer core= liquid Inner core = metal
Crust & mantle are called plates Fit together like a puzzle
Pangea
Plate movements affects Earth’s Surface.
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Supporting Details / Reasons /
Facts
Review
• Sinkholes Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQvv8YFCGsY Landslides
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uCVwmfk
Bill Nye – Earth’s Crust
•
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJQKs9-NM0
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Earthquakes
When plates move, energy is released =
ground shake
Earthquake is movement of
Ground.
focus is placed
3 types of plate movements• Pushed • Sliding • Pulling
Earthquakes occur along a fault
Earthquakes occur a fault
Ritcher Measures how powerful an
earthquake is 2.0 little
6.0 + great damage
Understanding Earthquakes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cavq2HFBa-U
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zNyVPsj8zc
T= Earthquakes___(1 of 2)________ Sudden
Movement
Plate Movement
- 2 plates move • Energy is released in Earth’s crust • Ground shakes
- Focus • place within the crust
• Greatest damage directly above the focus • Cause a lot / little damage
- Epicenter • Directly above the focus
- 3 different types • Plates pushing together • Plates sliding past • Plates pulling apart
T= Earthquakes___(2 of 2)________ Faults
Richter Scale
- Breaks in Earth’s crust - Plate movements bend & crack crust
• Middle of plates • Near edge of plates
- Measures the magnitude • Amount of energy released
• Increase of 1 = 32x • 2.0 too small to feel
- Millions of 2.0 earthquakes/ yearly • 6.0 great deal of damage
- 20 / a year
Most Recent Earthquake data
• http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/
Review of Earthquakes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELd3ebldSTs
Volcanoes
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJgwNqzumL8
• http://earthquakes.volcanodiscovery.com/
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
volcanoes
magma is pushed upward Through mantle and crust
lava & ash can shoot17 miles
Composite Wide / steep slopes
Shield
Volcanoes are mountains made of Lava, ash and other materials
Hot spots can cause A chain of volcanoes /
Hawaiian islands are hot spots
Magma travels upward Magma that flows out is lava
T= Volcanoes__________________ Magma
Lava
- Rock beneath Earth’s surface• Forms in places
- plates push against- Pull away from
- Pushed upward through mantle & crust• Reaches opening / vent
- Hot Column • Aka – Hot Spot • Melt a hole through crust• New location for volcanoes
- Magma that flowed out - Molten rock
• Earth’s surface • Reach up to 17 miles
- Volcanic Mountain is formed • Lava, ash, and or other materials
T= Types of Volcanoes_______ ___________
Composite
Shield
Cinder Cone
- wide w/ steep slopes - Ash and alternating layers of lava - Mount St. Helens, Washington State
-
- Tall & narrow w/ steep sides- Rock, ash & other materials - Not made of lava
•
- broad w / gentle slopes- Easy flowing lava
• Built up• Repeated lava flow
- 85% of Hawaiian Islands
How are mountains formed?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_yRnFqDwYA
T= How Mountains Form_______ ___________ Formation
Famous Mountains
- tallest landforms- Movements of plates
• Crust is crumpled• Pushed upward
- Appalachians- Normal faults
• Folding and moving upwards - Valley & Ridge Region & Blue Ridge Mountains
• Built series of reverse faults • Sheets of rock pile up
- Grand Teton Mountains, Wyoming - formed in middle of plate
• Pressure
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
mountains
The Affects of Faults :
Normal Faults Reverse faults
Plates move and magma fill in
Tallest landforms
Plates come together push land upwards
Can form in middle Of plate
Mountains Know Want Learned
Tallest landforms (Colby They form when plates crash together (marianna) Devin – 2 types of faults - movement Maggie – density
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Seismological Studies
SeismologistDo / study
Instruments
building safety
- Springs - > sway the safer
Earthquakes happen
Constructive = mountains
Rivers
destructive - Roads Damaged
- Building fall - Bridges destoy
seismograph data
- Map to help public
- Educate
earthquakes will occur
Planning can change the effects
T= Seismological Studies ____ Earthquakes Seismologist
- Constructive • Form mountains & lake
- Mostly Destructive • Roads & bridges damaged • Buildings fall
- Scientist • Study earthquakes • Use numerous tools to monitor Earth’s crust
• Seismograph (provides data for scientist) • Records movement in crust • Strength – Richter Scale • When / How long it lasted
Quantitative Data #s
T= Seismological Studies ____
Seismologist - Seismic Hazard Maps
• Areas most likely to shake • City official can prepare / educate
- Construction Rules • Skyscrapers are built on springs
• Ground shakes = building sways • > it sways the less likely to falls
Quantitative Data #s
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Controlling Floods dams and levees have
draw backs- Sediments stop
flowing - And stops flow of
river
Constructive floods / plants
Destructive / costly & deaths
Dams & LeveesHelp controls
flooding
Remove any structures
built on flood plains
Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase
Controlling Floods dams and levees have
draw backs- Sediments stop
flowing - And stops flow of
river
Constructive floods / plants
Destructive / costly & deaths
Dams & LeveesHelp controls
flooding
Remove any structures
built on flood plains
T= Flood Control _____ ___________ Constructive
Destructive
- Natural Process • Occurs near body of water
- Plants grow - Signals fish - Cut channels into rivers - Carves areas for animals to drink- Aquatic life to hide - Cost farmers
• Fields & crops - Damages houses & towns
T= Flood Control _____ ___________ Control
flooding
- Dams and levees - Levees
• A wall of earth / concrete• Built along banks of water • Concentrates rising waters within channels
- Dams • Hold water back • Released slowly into stream channel • Stops flow of water , lake
- remove structure built of Floodplains • Soil and wetland plants absorb excess water
• Flooding • https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bv1C_wcRGzM
• Cumberland Island • https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5UND_aV8B8