Happy Tuesday!! Turn in your vocab to the box on my desk
We will take our Test Review Quiz after announcements
Republican Revolution
Jefferson’s Presidency
Thomas Jefferson Election of 1800- Jefferson (D-R) v. Adams (Fed.)
Marked the first time that power was transferred from one party to another- REVOLUTION OF 1800
“we are all Federalists, we are all Democratic-Republicans”
Jefferson helps the common man Repeals the excise tax and the Naturalization Act Alien and Sedition Acts expire
Marbury v.Madison(1803) Background While Adams was President he appointed John
Marshall, a Federalist, to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court His decisions consistently strengthened the power of the federal
government at the expense of the power of state governments
Prior to leaving office, Adams pushed through the Judiciary Act of 1801, which increased the number of federal judges to 16 Filled these positions with Federalists
Called “midnight judges” b/c Adams signed their appointments late on his last day of office
Marbury v. Madison Case William Marbury was one of these judges but
never received his official papers James Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of
State and Jefferson orders Madison not to deliver the papers “too late, sorry!”
Marbury petitions Madison to send his papers, citing the Judiciary Act of 1789 JA 1789 gives the Supreme Court the power to
force Madison to perform his duties and deliver the papers
Marbury v. Madison Arguments Issue: Does Marbury have the right to the
commission (the job)? Marbury argues: the commission was signed,
sealed but never delivered therefore had the right to sue Madison for not following though
Madison argues: He was following Jefferson’s orders. Because the commission had not been delivered under Adams, the appointment had not be completed
Marbury v. Madison Decision John Marshall decides that the section of the
Judiciary Act of 1789 that gives the court authority to force Madison to perform his duties was unconstitutional Therefore is voided by the Court
Significance: Decision established JUDICIAL REVIEW- the ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional**
As a D-R, Jefferson believed in: Rights of the common man Farming and agriculture States rights Strict interpretation of the constitution France Low tariffs Small military
Louisiana Purchase Americans continue their migration west over the
Appalachians 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte of France persuaded
Spain to return the LA Territory Jefferson feared a strong French presence in the
mid-continent would force the U.S. into an alliance with Britain
T.J. worried the French would close the port of New Orleans and block development west
LA Purchase continued Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to
negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and LA Territory from France U.S. bought the territory for $15 million
T.J. worried that this is unconstitutional Eased by the elastic clause
The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States
Jefferson partially abandons strict interpretation of the Constitution
Lewis and Clark Jefferson appointed Meriwether Lewis to lead an
expedition called the Corp of Discovery from St. Louis to the Pacific coast T.J. ordered them to collect scientific information about
unknown plants and animals and to learn as much as possible about Native American tribes
William Clark chosen as 2nd in command Met- Sacajawea- Native American woman who
served as a guide and interpreter Expedition took 2 years and 4 months
Happy Wednesday!! Turn in “EXERCISE B” of your Marbury v. Madison
DBQ
NO DAILY QUIZ TODAY, we will do the Test Review Quiz
Republican Revolution
War of 1812
Britain v. France 1803, Britain and France go to war- AGAIN!
Threatens American shipping Napoleon tries to exclude British goods from
Europe Britain blockades (seals off) its ports and prevent
ships from entering or leaving Order of Council
Britain also forcing American sailors into the British Navy (impressments)
Chesapeake Incident (1807) Commander of a British warship demanded
the right to board and search the US ship Chesapeake Looking for British deserters
US captain refused, and the British opened fire Killing 3 Americans, wounding 18
Embargo Act (1807) Jefferson convinces Congress to declare an
embargo- ban on exporting products to other countries Believed it would hurt Britain and other European
powers and force them to honor American neutrality
Hurt America more and in 1809 the embargo was lifted
Except for Britain and France- still couldn’t trade with them
Tecumseh’s Confederacy 1809- General William Henry Harrison
(governor of Indiana Territory) persuaded Native American tribes to sign away 3 million acres of land to the US gov’t
Shawnee chief Tecumseh refused- formed a confederacy- a united Native American nation Began negotiating with Britain for assistance in war
with Americans
War Hawks call for War 1811- Tecumseh's brother led an attack on
Harrison- Battle of Tippecanoe Native Americans were using arms from British Canada Harrison strikes back and burned the Shawnee capital
Harrison becomes a national hero
Young Congressmen from the South and West known as WAR HAWKS called for war against Britain Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and
Henry Clay of Kentucky (Speaker of the House of Representatives)
Motto was “On to Canada!”
James Madison as President Democratic-Republican- won election of
1808 Both Britain and France promised to stop
violating US rights but impressments still going on
Congress declared war in 1812 Madison believed Britain was trying to strangle
American trade and cripple American economy
War of 1812 Declared war in June 1812 Britain repealed the Orders of Council
(impressments) but it was too late US was unprepared for war
British captured Detroit and US failed to take Montreal
British invaded Washington D.C. in 1814 Burned the Capitol, White House and other public buildings From there they proceeded to Baltimore and attacked Fort
McHenry
War of 1812 cont. During the fighting, Francis Scott Key wrote
the poem “Defense of Fort McHenry” Later put to the tune of an old pub song and
became the “Star Spangled Banner”
Battle of New Orleans 1815: Led by General Andrew Jackson Troops defeated the British Fighting ended after this battle
Treaty of Ghent Unknown to Jackson, British and American
diplomats had signed a peace treaty, before battle of NO
Signed Christmas Eve 1814- declared an armistice (end fighting) Didn’t address the issue of impressments or
neutral shipping rights
Happy Wednesday!! Turn in your War of 1812 maps if you didn’t
do it last class.
No daily quiz again we have too much to do!
Republican RevolutionRegional Economies
Regional Developments The North and South developed different
economic systems Led to political differences between regions
North- commercial and industrial South- slave based agricultural system
An Industrial Revolution Changes resulting from machines replacing
hand tools and large-scale factory production developed
New England invested in industry more than any other region Lowell, Mass.- 1st large scale textile factories
Employed young, unmarried women
Eli Whitney Inventor who dramatically impacted the
development of the US economy Interchangeable parts-involved the use of gun
parts that were exactly alike Significance: factories are the new centers of
industry- MASS PRODUCTION- producing goods in large quantities
Cotton gin- machine that separated seeds from raw cotton Significance: made growing of cotton more profitable-
EXPANSION OF SLAVERY
Northern Economy Manufacturing in factories Some agriculture
Mostly self-sufficient farmers Major agricultural products: corn, wheat, cattle No slave labor
Southern Economy AGRICULTURE “Cotton is King”
Cotton gin made it easier to grow and easy to process= more profit
High demand for cotton in Great Britian and New England textile mills
Plantations expanded into the lower/deep south Slavery expanded as cotton production expanded
How do we keep our country together? As the country develops into 2 significantly
different regions, Madison looks for ways to unite the regions Create a strong stable self-sufficient economy
Stop and Think If the country is dividing, what kind of things
can we do the keep it together and continue to promote “nationalism”?
Henry Clay and the American System Plan to unify the nation (economically)
Industrial north would produce the manufactured goods that farmers in the south and west would buy
Agricultural south would produce most of the grain, meat and cotton needed in the north
National currency and transportation system would aid in the exchange of goods
America would be economically independent of Britain and France
American System continued Also included internal improvements
National Roads-federal highways started in 1811 and eventually connected MD-IL
Erie Canal- 363 miles from Albany, NY on the Hudson River to Buffalo, NY on Lake Erie
Significance: connected the Great Lakes region of the Northwest to the Atlantic Ocean. Also made NYC most important port city
Protective Tariffs Tax on imported goods to PROTECT
American manufacturing Tariff of 1816- 1st one passed by Congress
Money collected would be used for internal improvements
Support from north but not South
Stop and Think Why would the North support protective
tariffs but not the South?
Second Bank of the US Issued national currency Hold all taxes collected by the federal
government Charted for 20 years in 1816
Happy Tuesday!!!! Pick up an Agenda on the stand in the front
and start working on the warm-up on the back
Republican Revolution
Nationalism
Nationalism (Stop and Think) What is Nationalism?
Why is it important at this time in history?
Nationalism and the Supreme Court John Marshall and the SC continue to boost
the power of the federal government Examples can be seen in 3 important court
cases heard by the Supreme Court Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden Ogden had been granted a monopoly to run a
steamboat service between NY and NJ on the Hudson River
Gibbons started a competing service and was sued by Ogden
Marshall ruled that Ogden’s monopoly was illegal interstate commerce could only be regulated by fed
gov’t
Significance: Congress had the power to regulate ALL interstate commerce
McCulloch v. Maryland MD had taxed a branch of the national bank
located in Baltimore Marshall ruled that the fed gov’t is supreme
over state gov’t States cannot tax a federal institution
“THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY”
Significance: nat’l bank declared constitutional (implied powers)
Federal gov’t’s control over economic issues is strengthened
Dartmouth College v. Woodward New Hampshire wanted to alter the charter
of Dartmouth making it a state school Marshall ruled that the charter was a
contract and the Constitution didn’t allow states to interfere with contracts
Significance: weakens the power of the state governments
Nationalism and Foreign Policy James Monroe- 5th President (Dem. Rep) John Quincy Adams- Secretary of State
“Stop and think”- What does the Secretary of State do?
Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)- Signed with Great Britain Demilitarized the Great Lakes region by limiting the
number of ships each country could have there
Nationalism and Foreign Policy Continued Convention of 1818-Signed with Great
Britian Fixed the northern border of the US at the 49 th
parallel to the Rocky Mountains in the west Oregon Territory would be jointly occupied by U.S.
and Great Britain
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)- Signed with Spain Spain ceded Florida to the United States
Monroe Doctrine Spain and Portugal defeated Napoleon (France)
in 1815, and wanted to reclaim territory in Latin America
Russians had been in Alaska since 1784, and established trading posts in present day California
With all these countries moving in, US had to do something Many Americans wanted to get northern Mexico and
Cuba from Spain Russians posed a threat to American trade with China
Monroe Doctrine cont. Monroe warned European powers not to
intervene with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere No new colonies in the Americas for European
powers (Latin America is closed off!) Western Hemisphere nations were different from
European nations in terms of government Republics v. monarchies
US will not interfere in internal European affairs Any attempt by European powers to impose their
control over W. Hem. Independent states is a threat to peace and safety
Stop and Think! if NATIONALism is putting the needs of the
country above the needs of all else, what do you think SECTIONALism is?
Westward movement results in Sectionalism As Americans move west, more and more
territories begin to apply for admission to the US
More states = more representatives in Congress
The growing issue of slavery will begin to divide the country and their interests both economically and politically
Missouri Compromise (1820)- background 1819, Missouri applied for admission to the
US as a state At the time there were 11 free states (North)
and 11 slave states (South) Equal representation in the Senate
Missouri’s admission to the Union would upset the balance
Henry Clay comes up with a compromise to solve the issue
Missouri Compromise Terms Maine admitted to the Union as free Missouri admitted to Union as slave Draw a line at the 36 30’ latitude line to
divide the rest of the Louisiana Territory North of line (except MO)- slavery illegal South of line- slavery legal
Significance: balance in the Senate and temporarily settles the issue of the expansion of slavery