GUIDELINES FOR
THE PREPARATION
OF DISSERTATION
AND THESIS
Faculty of Science@2018
THESIS FORMAT
1) CONVENTIONAL FORMAT
2) PUBLICATION FORMAT (REQUIRE 5 ISI PUBLICATIONS)
Faculty of Science NOT ACCEPTED thesis by ARTICLE FORMAT
Preliminary
TITLE PAGE
ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF APPENDICES
Main Body
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
REFERENCES (A CONSOLIDATED LIST OF REFERENCES FOR ALL CHAPTERS)
SUPPLEMENTARY
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS PRESENTED
APPENDICES
CONVENTIONAL FORMAT
The general structure that follows the conventional format. This is the most
common form of research project/dissertation/thesis used by most candidates.
Preliminary
TITLE PAGE
ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF APPENDICES
Main Body
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY (where applicable)
CHAPTER 4: *Published Paper 1
*Published Paper 2
*Published Paper 3
*Published Paper 4
*Published Paper 5
* 3 out 5 Published paper, candidate must be the first author
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
REFERENCES (A CONSOLIDATED LIST OF REFERENCES FOR ALL CHAPTERS)
SUPPLEMENTARY
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS PRESENTED
APPENDICES
PUBLICATION FORMAT
FORMAT SPECIFICATIONS
Paper Quality, Printing and Duplicating
The research project/dissertation/thesis should be printed, single-sided, on high quality white A4
paper (201 × 297 mm; 80 grams). Computer pin-feed printout paper is not permitted.
The research project/dissertation/thesis, in soft- and hardcover copies, must be typed and
duplicated by offset printing or good quality photocopying. All copies must be clean and neat in
order to ensure easy reading.
Typing and Printing Quality
Texts in research project/dissertation/thesis should be typed on one side of the paper only.
They must be typed using font type Times New Roman, font size 12 (except for tables and
figures) and justified, using Microsoft Word version 6.0 or later, or similar word-processing
software. Words in a language that is different from the language of the research
project/dissertation/thesis must be typed in italics. For mathematical texts, the use of Equation
Editor or LaTeX is advisable. Script fonts are not permitted.
A high quality laser or ink-jet printer should be used for the printing.
cont…
Line Spacing:
• The body of the text should be typed with double spacing. Single-spacing is only permitted in
tables, long quotations, footnotes, citation and in the references.
Margins:
• Top : 2 cm or 0.79 inch
• Bottom : 2 cm or 0.79 inch
• Left : 4 cm or 1.57 inch
• Right : 2 cm or 0.79 inch
The last paragraph of the page should contain at least two sentences. If it does not, the paragraph
should begin on the next page.
Page Numbering:
All page numbers should be printed 1.0 cm from the bottom edge of the page and placed at the
right-hand side without any punctuation .
Font type Times New Roman and font size 10 are recommended for numbers.
Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, …) should be used in the Preliminary section. The first page of the thesis
(the title page), is an unnumbered page ‘i’. Numbering begins on the second page with ‘ii’ for the
Original Literary Work Declaration Form.
WORD LENGTH
The maximum word length for a submission for examination:
8
Master’s Programme
Research project
(by Coursework)
Dissertation
(by Mixed mode)
Dissertation
(by Research)
30,000 words 40,000 words 60,000 words
Doctoral Programme
Dissertation
(by Coursework or
by Clinical Coursework)
Thesis
(by Mixed mode)
Thesis
(by Research)
60,000 words 80,000 words 100,000 words
HARD COVER
Title of
research that
has been
approved by
the faculty
Name of the
candidate as
registered with the
university
Faculty where
candidate is
registered
Year of
submission
Gold
lettering,
font Arial
Narrow, size
16, bold,
1.15pt. line
spacing
Example: Hard Cover
TITLE PAGE (Ph.D.)
5 cm
4 cm4 cm
5 cm
Font Times New
Roman, size 16,
bold, 1.15pt. line
spacing
Insert
Department
Title page start with
roman numbering ‘i’ but
should not appear in this
pages. Just blank this
part.
Example 2: Title Page
TITLE PAGE (M.Sc.)
11
Insert
department
5 cm
4 cm4 cm
5 cm
Font Times
New Roman,
size 14, bold,
1.15pt. line
spacing
Title page start with
roman numbering ‘i’ but
should not appear in this
pages. Just blank this
part.
Example 1: Title Page
ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION
Example
Bold and
capital
letter
Start
numbering
with ii
• Student signature
• Supervisor signature
(a MUST !!) NOT other
persons
• Must be on the same
date.
• Stamp from
supervisor
Is a short summary of the research
project/dissertation/thesis.
Should briefly describe the objectives
(problem statement), the significance of
research, research methodology, as well as
the findings and conclusion of the research.
Must not exceed 500 words.
Type in a single paragraph.
Double-spacing.
Written in Bahasa Malaysia and English
language.
The abstract page is assigned Roman
numeral "iii" and the following pages
should be numbered consecutively.
The Abstract page begins with the title of
research project/dissertation/thesis (in
uppercase) that is approved by the faculty
after the submission of 3 Months’ Notice.
Candidates are not allowed to change the
title without the approval of the faculty.
ABSTRACT
[TITLE OF RESEARCH PROJECT/DISSERTATION/THESIS]
ABSTRACT
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla efficitur risus ac
magna malesuada venenatis. Etiam a faucibus metus, at consequat leo. Sed
pulvinar suscipit massa, sit amet pulvinar ligula accumsan sed. Nam sed leo
mollis, feugiat felis in, porta nunc. Maecenas at erat eu augue tristique vestibulum.
Donec ac lobortis nunc. Aliquam laoreet dolor a massa hendrerit, ac bibendum
neque semper. Aliquam id nisi magna.Aliquam ligula orci, congue id dapibus at,
luctus in magna. Maecenas non nulla ac tortor tristique laoreet. Donec porta neque
semper imperdiet pulvinar. Phasellus egestas viverra ornare. Fusce nisi ex,
pharetra eu gravida vel, iaculis quis quam. Mauris placerat sapien sapien, ac
mollis eros imperdiet vel. Morbi nulla ipsum, commodo sed ex eu, pharetra
maximus massa. In et placerat elit. Aliquam porta sem sit amet justo pellentesque
consectetur. Quisque aliquet leo nunc, sed porttitor quam ullamcorper at.
Suspendisse nunc lorem, tempus a feugiat ac, facilisis eu nisi. Donec feugiat
vulputate turpis, at tincidunt ex posuere at. Sed semper ante vitae tincidunt
malesuada. Praesent commodo diam non tortor laoreet, ac volutpat dui
scelerisque. Maecenas elementum rhoncus placerat. Aliquam mollis vel diam ut
imperdiet. Donec in venenatis arcu. Nam pulvinar eros nunc, vel malesuada turpis
vestibulum eget. Aliquam erat volutpat. Vivamus ut euismod augue. Nam semper
risus nec nibh posuere tincidunt. Pellentesque id imperdiet enim, vitae viverra
lectus.
Keywords: proin fringilla, turpis metus, vitae, tincidunt
iii
2 cm
2 cm4 cm
2 cm1 cm
Continue
numbering
with iii
ABSTRACT
14
Examples
Continue
numbering
with iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
15
• Most research projects,
dissertations or theses include a
message to convey appreciation to
those who have been involved and
provided their assistance directly or
indirectly in the preparation of the
study.
• This is optional and should not
exceed a single page, which is
numbered in Roman numeral
accordingly.
0.5 cm Tab
TABLE OF CONTENTS
16
The Table of Contents lists the chapters,
topics and sub-topics together with their page
numbers. Sub-topics and topics should be
labelled according to the chapter, for
example:
CHAPTER 1: TITLE
1.1 Topic 1
1.1.1 Sub-topic 1
CHAPTER 2: TITLE
2.1 Topic 1
2.1.1 Sub-topic 1
This numbering system provides a clear
picture of the relationship between chapters
and topics and shows how they are connected.
Example
Example
LIST OF FIGURES
After
Correction
Figure No. Title Page No.
LIST OF TABLES
After
Correction
Before
Correction
• Title should be capital
letter and bold.
• Table, caption and
number should be
arranged in their own
column.
• Single spacing for the
same caption but double
spacing for the next
caption.
• No need bold.
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
• Alphabetical order.
• List down the symbols than
follow by abbreviations.
• Double spacing.
LIST OF APPENDICES
• List of appendices should
be used alphabet.
• Single spacing for same
appendix but double
spacing for the next
appendix.
MAIN BODY
Candidates and supervisors should ensure that the text follows the agreed conventions of the
individual faculty. The main text in the research project/dissertation/thesis must be organised
following the guidelines as mentioned below:
Text must be organised in titled chapters.
The titles must reflect the content of the chapter.
Every chapter must begin on a new page.
Chapters can be divided into sub-chapters with corresponding sub-titles.
Titles and sub-titles must be numbered.
Generally, a research project/dissertation/thesis will have the following basic structure:
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Tab should
be 0.5 cm
• Chapter titles should be typed
with capital letters and centred
between the left and right
margins.
• Each chapter must begin on a new
page.
• Chapters and subchapters should
be also titled.
• Titles should be typed in bold
without underline.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A literature review is a description of the literature relevant to a particular field or
topic of study. It consists of a critically written and comprehensive account of the
published works on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. A critical
literature review is a critical assessment of the relevant literature. It is directly
related to the research, providing information on theories, models, materials and
techniques used in the research.
The literature review should be comprehensive and include recent publications
which are relevant to the research.
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes and explains the materials as well as the research
methodology used in the study. The sub-topics for this chapter include the key
research questions, the research design, and the research procedures adopted. It
may also, where appropriate, indicate sampling methods, research instruments and
statistical methods employed.
The purpose of this is to inform the reader on the methods used to collect the data
and generate the findings reported.
RESULTS
This chapter explains the results which are commonly presented in the form of
text, figures and tables, complete with data analysis.
DISCUSSION
This chapter contains the interpretation of the results. The findings of the research
should be compared and contrasted with those of previous studies presented in the
literature review. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the findings and the
outcomes of the research in relation to the results that have been obtained.
CONCLUSION
In this chapter, the findings are summarized and their implications discussed. This
section may include suggestions for future work.
REFERENCE CITATIONS IN TEXT
For direct quotations or
paraphrases in text:
• Single author: Bernard
(2002)
• Two authors: Thomas &
Peter (1994)
• More than 2 authors:
Wegener et al. (1994)
For summaries the author in text:
• Single author: (Bernard, 2001)
• Two authors: (Thomas & Peter,
1994)
• More than 2 authors: (Wegener
et al., 1994)
• Several authors in a sentence:
(Bernard, 2002; Karnes et al.,
(2001); Thomas & Peter, 1994))
• If the authors have a similar
surname more than one can put
a, b or c.
• Example: (Wang et al., 1994a;
Wang et al., 1994b)
Require the following information:
• last name of the author,
• the year of publication,
• the page number for the reference (direct quotes only).
Example 2: Reference Citation in Text - For direct quotations or paraphrases in text
More than 2
authors
Two
authors
Single author
Only
insert
authors
surname
Several
authors in a
sentence
Example 1: Reference Citation in Text - For summaries the author in text
Two
authors
More than
two authors
Single author
• Equation must be
numbered and
written in
bracket.
• The first number
should be
corresponded to
the chapter’s
number.
• Used Equation
Editor.
All symbol
should be italic.
FIGURES
Figures, like tables are printed within the body of the
text at the centre of the frame and labelled according
to the chapter in which they appear. Thus, for example,
figures in Chapter 3 are numbered sequentially: Figure
3.1, Figure 3.2.
Figures, unlike text or tables, contain graphs,
illustrations or photographs and their labels are placed
at the bottom of the figure rather than at the top.
If the figure occupies more than one page, the
continued figure on the following page should indicate
that it is a continuation: for example:
Figure 3.2, continued.
If the figure contains a citation, the source of the
reference should be placed after the label.
Figure 3.1: ANFIS prediction of distribution of
different sizes of granular structures at certain
annealing temperature
Figure 3.2: FESEM image of gold nanoparticles
TABLES
Heading Heading
1 Text
2 Text
3 Text
Tables are printed within the body of the text at
the centre of the frame (one line) justified (if
more than one line) and labelled according to
the chapter in which they appear. Thus, for
example, tables in Chapter 3 are numbered
sequentially: Table 3.1, Table 3.2 and so on.
The caption should be placed above the table
itself (Table 3.1). If the table contains a
citation, the source of the reference should be
included in the table caption.
If the table occupies more than one page, the
continued table on the following page should
indicate that it is a continuation, for example:
‘Table 3.1, continued.’. The header row should
also be repeated.
Table 3.1: Example of table.
Heading Heading
4 Text
5 Text
6 Text
Table 3.1, continued.
Heading Heading
System 1 Text
System 2 Text
System 3 Text
Table 3.2: Parameters of DSSCs for GPE
samples in the system.
FOOTNOTESThere are differences in the use of footnotes in various disciplines. For example, footnotes are commonly
used in Social Sciences but rarely in Science and Technology. However candidates are advised to limit
the use of footnotes unless they are proved necessary to the document. Footnotes are used to elaborate or
provide additional information regarding matters discussed in that page.
Footnotes are recorded using Arabic numeric and numbered consecutively. Raised superscript numerals
in the text refer to explanatory notes and documented sources appearing either at the bottom of the page
as footnotes or at the end of the thesis as endnotes in a notes section. The advantage of using notes is that
explanatory type of information can be presented along with source citations on the same page or place.
Footnotes should use a smaller font than the text (font size 8).
When using footnote, a number formatted in superscript is inserted following the punctuation mark in the
text. Footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the page on which they appear. Please refer to the
faculty for the recommended convention for writing of footnotes.
Scientists examined, over several years, the fossilized remains of the wooly-wooly yak.1
_______
1 While the method of examination for the wooly-wooly yak provides important insights to this research, this document does not focus on this particular species.
Example of footnote (Source: IPS).
REFERENCES
• All works or studies referred to in the research report/dissertation/thesis in
the form of quotations or citations must be included in the references.
• The references should be written consistently in the American Psychological
Association (APA) format or in another format approved by the Faculty.
• Each reference should be written in single spacing format and a double
space between references.
• The list of references must be arranged in alphabetical order and the
entries should not be numbered. The list must also have a hanging
indentation of 0.5 inch.
Single Author Last name first, followed by
author initials.Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and
social development. Current Directions
in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
Two Authors List by their last names and
initials. Use the ampersand
(&) instead of "and."
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood
management across affective states:
The hedonic contingency hypothesis.
Journal of Personality & Social
Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
Three to Seven
Authors
List by last names and
initials; commas separate
author names, while the last
author name is preceded
again by ampersand (&).
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R.,
Berry, A., White, A., Ganster, D. C., &
Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-
esteem than whether it is high or low:
The importance of stability of self-
esteem. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
More Than
Seven
Authors
APA 6th ed. uses “…”
instead, replacing all
authors between the sixth
author and the last author.
Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman,
D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., … Berry, A.
(2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood
connection. Journal of Film and Writing,
44(3), 213-245.
Reference List: Publications
Reference List : Books
Basic Format for
Books
Author, A. A. (Year of
publication). Title of work:
Capital letter also for subtitle.
Location: Publisher.
Note: For place of publication
cite includes a country.
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide
to preparing manuscripts for journal publication.
Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
Neftci, S. N. (2009). Principles of financial engineering
(2nd ed.). London, England: Academic.
Lawford, C. K. (2009). Moments of clarity: Voices
from the front lines of addiction and recovery. New
York, NY: William Morrow.
Edited Book Unknown author. Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997).Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY:
Russell Sage Foundation.
Edited Book With author / authors. Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals (K. V.
Kukil, Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.
A Translation Note: When you cite a
republished work in your text, it
should appear with both dates.
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on
probabilities. (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.).
New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published
1814).
Edition Only for 2nd edition onwards. Helfer, M. E., Keme, R. S., & Drugman, R. D. (1997).The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago, NY: University
of Chicago Press.
Article or
Chapter in an
Edited Book
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.
(Year of publication). Title of
chapter. In A. Editor & B.
Editor (Eds.), Title of book
(pages of chapter). Location:
Publisher.
Note: When you list the
pages of the chapter or essay
in parentheses after the book
title, use "pp." before the
numbers: (pp.
1-21). This abbreviation,
however, does not appear
before the page numbers in
periodical references,except for newspapers.
Rogoff, B., & Mistry, J. (1985). Memory
development in cultural context. In M.
Pressley & C.J. Brainerd (Eds.), Cognitive
learning and memory in children (pp. 117-
142). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
Multivolume
Work
Use Vol. for a single volume
and Vols. for multiple
volumes.
Levinson, D. & Ember, M. (Eds.). (1996).
Encyclopedia of cultural anthropology (Vols.
1-4). New York, NY: Henry Holt.
Cont.
Web Reference - https and Retrieval Date
Daniells, J. (2010). Panama disease – details and description.
Retrieved on July 10, 2018 from https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/business-
priorities/plants/health-pests-diseases/a-z-significant/panama-
disease2/panama-disease#
REFERENCES
38
Examples
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS PRESENTED
• All published works NOT including the submitted article/article under review
as well as papers presented at conferences, seminars, symposiums etc.
pertaining to the research topic of the research project/dissertation/thesis
should be included in this section.
• The references should be written consistently in the American Psychological
Association (APA) format or in another format approved by the Faculty and
student name must be bold.
• The list also must be separated by Publications and Papers Presented.
• The list of Publications and Papers presented should be written in single
spacing format and a double space between anothers.
• The list of references must be arranged in from current year publications and
the entries should be numbered. The list must also have a hanging indentation
of 0.5 inch.
• The first page of the ISI publication must be attached after the list of
publications and paper presented. No need attachment for presented paper
and award received.
EXAMPLE
41
42
HARD COVER
NAME OF
CANDIDATE
TITLE OF RESEARCH REPORT/
DISERTATION/ THESIS
M.Sc.
2017
2 cm2 cm
NAME OF
CANDIDATE
TITLE OF RESEARCH REPORT/
DISERTATION/ THESIS
Ph.D.
2017
2 cm2 cm
SPINE FORMAT
44
NAME OF
CANDIDATE
TITLE OF RESEARCH REPORT/
DISERTATION/ THESIS…
Ph.D.
2017
2 cm2 cm
If the title
is too long
use 3 dot
Example 1: Spine Format for Master
Example 2: Spine Format for Ph.D
1st SUBMISSION
Documents required for submission for the purpose of
examination are as follows:
• Five (5) printed softbound copies to Dean’s Office;
• One (1) electronic copy (CD in PDF format); and
• First submission form of Thesis/Dissertation.
FINAL SUBMISSION
Documents required for submission for the purpose of
examination are as follows:
• Three (3) printed hardbound copies to Dean’s Office;
• Supervisor/Supervisors (Number of copy depends on
number of supervisor);
• Two (2) electronic copies (CD in PDF format); and
• Final submission form of Thesis/Dissertation.
The submitted electronic copy of the research
project/dissertation/thesis (in PDF format) in a compact disc (CD) or
USB flash drive must be labeled with the following details:
Name
Matric no.
Title of research
project/dissertation/thesis
Faculty/Academy/Institute/Centre
Year of submission (current year)
SUBMISSION FORM
Please ensure submission form must be completed with all
the details as below:
Turnitin : ISM <30% & Non ISM <25% (without Reference List)
Word Count : Follow the guidelines
Supervisor Endorsement : Correction & Submission
HoD Endorsement : Correction & Submission
Preparation for Viva-Voce and
Q&A Session
Read and understand the content of the thesis/dissertation
Understand the scientific principle/fundamental of your works
Prepare slides for a 20 minute presentation
Bring hard copy of the thesis
Save your raw data in the pendrive
Bring selected publications related to your research
Bring copy of your published articles
Present your slides clearly and make sure your voice is heard
Eye-contact with panels
Give clear and quality answers with high confident
Avoid giving unacceptable excuses ( ie. busy working, no time to read the thesis, sick children, not feeling well, busy with wedding preparation, family commitment etc..)
THANK YOU