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Group Behaviour and GroupDynamics
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Defining and Classifying Groups
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Examples
1. Formal groups:-
E.g.:- A management team is an example of aformal group
2. Informal Groups:-
E.g.:- Four employees from differentdepartments who regularly eat lunch together
are an example of an informal groups
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Groups
Formal Group
Command
Task
Informal Group
FriendshipInterest
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Formal Groups
1.Command Groups:-
It is most frequent type of formal group.
It is determined by the organisation chart.
It is made up of individuals who report
directly to a given manager.
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E.g.:- 1. The foreman ( a worker who
supervises other workers) and his team of workers constitute a command group.
2. An school principal and his 10 teachers from
a command group.
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2. Task Groups
Task groups are also determined by the
organization, represents those workingtogether to complete a job task.
E.g.:- when a problem involving many
departments arises, a task force (group)
made-up of representatives from each of theaffected department, might be formed to
study the problem and find out solutions.
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This group is made up of employees who
work together to complete a particular task or project, but who do not necessarily report to
the same manager/supervisor.
All command groups are task groups, but all
task groups are not command groups.
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Informal Groups
1. Friendship groups:-
Friendship groups are groups whichdevelop because the individual members
have common characteristics.
E.g.:- Social associations, which occur
outside the work situations, can be based
on similar age or ethnic groups, etc.
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2. Interest Groups
At work, people who may or may not be arranged
into command or task groups may join together toachieve a specific objective with which each is
concerned.
This is an interest groups
Hence, interest groups are made up of persons who
share common interests.
They may be job related interests or non-work
interests, like national politics, religion, etc.
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Why do people join groups
1. Security
2. Status3. Self-esteem
4. Affiliation
5. Power
6. Goal achievement7. Satisfying needs
8. Common interests and goals
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1. Security
Groups provide security, when people join
groups they can reduce the insecurity of standing alone.
People feel strong, have less doubts and are
more resistant to threats when they belong to
a particular group.
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2. Status
When individuals join a group that is viewed
as important by others it provides recognitionand status to them.
People give them respect and they also
enjoy a good status in the society.
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3. Self-esteem
When people join groups, they develop a
feeling of self-worth. Groups provide them with self esteem.
This helps in maintaining their status outside
the group.
Membership can also give increased feelings
of worth to the group members themselves.
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4. Affiliation
Groups fulfill social needs, people enjoy the
regular interaction that comes along withgroup membership.
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5. Power
Groups provide its members with power,
because what they cannot achieve alone canbe achieved through group action.
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6. Goal achievement
Many times more than one person is
required to achieve a particular task. In such tasks there is a need to share talent,
knowledge and power, this is possible in a
group.
Hence, people are able to achieve goals in
groups which they may not achieve
individually.
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7. Satisfying needs
People join group because they want to
satisfy their needs. Groups are formed to accomplish complex
tasks and to fulfill social needs.
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8. Common interests and goals
People join groups because of common
interests and goals. They like same activities so they join groups
or form them to extend their activities.
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E.g.:- 1. people who are interested in serving
the poor and old, join service organizations.2. Trade union is also another example of
workers coming together for achievement of
common goals and having similar interests.