Download pdf - Group Forum Script Part 1

7/27/2019 Group Forum Script Part 1

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FORUM SCRIPT

Chairperson:

(Anita) Assalamualaikum and a very good day I bid to all of you. Welcome

back to our show for this week in E-Environment. As well we know,

E-Environment is a show, which enable you to think about the topics

that we had highlighted and we are trying to solve the issues together

by producing beneficial and interesting idea, which will be delivered by

our guests.

Today, we would like to highlight a topic that is quite interesting to be

discussed on greenhouse effect. I am sure that every one of us is

familiar with that term. Before we proceed to our forum, I would like to

introduce our panellists today. On my right, Puan Nor Bai binti Bakir

as an environmental researcher. The person next to her is En Khairul

Fahmi bin Maslam, director of environmental protection agency. On

my left, Puan Nor Zalianah, lecturer of Environmental Science from

University Malaya and also Miss Jothi, lecturer from Universiti

Pertanian Malaysia and the person next to her is Puan Norhasikin

binti Mat Deros, an environmental officer.

Briefly, greenhouse effect can be defined as warming of the Earths

surface and lower atmosphere that tends to intensify with an increase

in atmospheric carbon dioxide. By the way, the greenhouse effect

often gets a bad rap because of its association with global warming,

but the truth is we couldnt live without it. Are there serious? As an


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environmental researcher, can you tell us what is the definition of

greenhouse effect from your own opinion?

Nor Bai : Assalamualaikum, thank you to Ms Chairperson, Puan Anita. Yes, I

could say it is a bit serious issue. Actually, there are many people out

there are not really understand about the concept of the greenhouse

effect. Some of them keep asking me why the phenomenon of the

rising in the earth`s temperature is called the greenhouse effect.

Actually, the greenhouse effect can be defined into two. First is

natural greenhouse effect that make and let the earth`s climate

warm and habitable. The second one is the man-made greenhouse

effect that also known as an enhancement of earth`s natural

greenhouse effect. The man-made greenhouse effect can happened

due to the addition of greenhouse gases through the burning of fossil

fuels especially petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Greenhouse effect

is a process by which the thermal radiation from a planetary surface is

absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all

direction. At that time, some part of this radiation is return back to the

surface together with the energy and this cause the atmospheric

become warmer.

Just now, I had explained about what is the phenomenon that being

called as the greenhouse effect. Now, why the term of greenhouse

is being used? Are there are related to the greenhouse effect that we

talking about just now? The answer is yes. The term of greenhouse

effect is the derivation from the concept of greenhouse model.


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Greenhouse is built to grow plant especially in winter. So that, this can

extends the growing season for the vegetables and flowers by

trapping the heat from the sun in a glass or plastics structure. When

this situation happened, the greenhouse is being heat up like a car

that being parked in sunlight. Commonly, the greenhouse is warmer

than the outside air. Thus, it keeps the plants warm enough to live in

winter. What the main important things is we need to understand the

principle of the greenhouse effect that state, the energy from the

sun`s rays which heated the greenhouse move quicker than the heat

that escape from some structure to the atmosphere.

Chairperson: Thank you Pn Nor Bai for her brief explanation about our topic today.

How about you, Miss Jothi. What is your opinion ? Do you want to

add something from the explanation?

Jothi : Thank you, Puan Anita. Yes, for your information, the greenhouse

effect had been discovered by French mathematician and physicist,

Joseph Fourier in 1824. He had developed a simple mathematical

model to measure the temperature of the atmosphere. Through this

simple model he found that the phenomenon that occur to the

atmosphere is mostly alike to the experiment took by Horace Benedict

de Saussure who used de Saussure`s heliothermometer to measure

the intensity of sunlight. He had come with a statement that sunlight

can easily passes through a glass but not apply for the things other

than glass. As a result the sunlight can penetrate the glass easily

compare for the heat from the ground to be in the air. Then in 1877,


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Irish and British physicist and chemist, John Tyndall had made some

further exploration about the Fourier`s finding. He had designed and

built a ratio spectrophotometer which is used to determine their

ability to absorb heat by a various gases that being used. In his

research, he founded that radiant heat was transmitted readily

through nitrogen and oxygen. Moreover, the more complex molecules

also absorbed heat readily that involve water vapour and carbon

dioxide. Tyndall showed that water vapour is relatively transparent to

sunlight but it is really effective to trap radiation from the Earth`s

surface like a water in a dam. That is some of the history on how the

physicists makes their discovery and make some further experiment

to understanding this topic better. Thank you.

Chairperson: Thank you to Miss Jothi. What can I conclude from you and Puan Nor

bai just now we should realized that greenhouse effect is also

important to prevent our world become cold. Can we imagine what

happen to the world if it becomes extreme cold? It is worst right? So,

what is the factor that caused greenhouse effect happened? Can you

explain to us Puan Nor Zalianah?

Nor Zalianah : Thank you to the chairperson, Puan Anita. Assalamualaikum and a

very good morning to all.

Actually, we as human already know the answer for chair persons

question because everyone knew almost everything regarding

greenhouse effects come from human being although there are also


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natural causes. Humankind has progressed a lot over the years to have

a better quality of living. However, this progress has come at a cost of

the exploitation of nature many a times.

One of the causes of the Green House effect that caused by human is

deforestation. Deforestation is the activity cutting down the trees for

human needs like to build housing area, to build building, and others.

Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

The plants help us to absorb carbon dioxide that release by human.

Since there were no trees, carbon dioxide will release to the

atmosphere. Apart from that, deforestation causes of the greenhouse

effect. We have cut down millions of acres of forest and every tree

contains carbon, and as a tree is burned or decomposes, that carbon is

released into the atmosphere.

Another man-made cause of the increase in the Green house effect due

to the emission of such gases in electrical appliances in our house like

refrigerator, air- conditioner and others emit gases which contribute to

the Greenhouse effect. These electrical appliances make life more

comfortable day by day but it gives side effect for the time being. These

gases are known as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and are used in

refrigerators, aerosol cans, foaming agents in the packaging industry,

fire extinguisher chemicals and others.

Industries also give major effect to the Greenhouse. Factories pollute our

land, seas and air which also contribute to greenhouse effects.

Greenhouse gases had been released by factories into the atmosphere


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due to the burning of fossil fuels, oil, coal and gas while they produce

something for better living, they said. But, like others said, if we want

something, we have to lose something. We had lost a better living in this

earth. Most factories produce gases which last for a longer time in the

atmosphere. These gases are not naturally available in the atmosphere.

They are used increasingly and rampantly in industries.

There are natural causes as well as human-made causes of the

greenhouse effect. The natural causes of the Greenhouse effect are the

emissions of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, ozone and water

vapour. They are the four major greenhouse gases that bring to

greenhouse effect. Looking for their percentage that contributes to

greenhouse effect; water vapour is the most major causes with 36-70%

contribute to greenhouse effect followed by carbon dioxide with 9-26%,

methane with 4-9% and ozone with 3-7%.

Population growth also is an indirect contributor and one of the causes of

the Greenhouse effect. With the increase in population, the needs and

wants of the people also increase. Therefore, this increases the

manufacturing processes as well as the industry processes to fulfill

humans needs.

From all the causes above, we can see that humans are the main

reason for the pollution in nature not only greenhouse effects but also

other damage that had happened in this world. What we give, what we


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get back. We have to face all the problems regarding to greenhouse

effects. Thats all. Thank you.

Chairperson: Thank you Puan Nor Zalianah. I can say that we should know our

responsibility to conserve our earth and dont be too selfish and

always think about money and profit until neglects the balancing of

ecosystem. So, everyone should play their role to ensure that this

problem is not becoming more serious. However Puan Norhasikin,

what do you think will be happened if those activities that can produce

the greenhouse effect not being stopped?

Norhasikin: Thank you to the chairperson. Assalamualaikum and good morning to

everyone. I will talk about the greenhouse effects impact. The

greenhouse effect refers to the trapping of heat by certain gases in

the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide and methane. Although

these gases occur in only trace amounts, they block significant

amounts of heat from escaping out into space, thus keeping the Earth

warm enough for us to survive. The greenhouse gases is increasing in

excessive amount to the atmosphere because of human activities.

The increase in greenhouse gases has the potential to cause

catastrophic problems for Earth.

The main impact of greenhouse gases is the global warming. Global

warming is the continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's

atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is caused by increased

concentrations ofgreenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting from

human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.
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The most dangerous aspect of global warming is probably sea level

rise. In fact, the worlds oceans have already risen 4-8 inches. That

may not sound like much, but it has been enough to cause the erosion

of some islands. Further sea level rise could cause great suffering

because many people live near the sea. People have had to relocate

to higher ground on low-lying islands in the South Pacific and off the

coast of India. In Bangladesh alone, there are 15 million people living

within 1 meter of sea level and another 8 million in a similar

circumstance in India.Global warming increase the temperature about

0.8 Celsius or 1.4 Fahrenheit. As a result of this increase, the vast

arctic tundra is melting, releasing enormous volumes of both carbon

dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. This creates the possibility

of climate change because more carbon dioxide and methane are

released from the arctic tundra; the greenhouse effect will be further

enhanced. The worlds oceans are losing their ability to absorb carbon

because of rising water temperatures, according to accumulating

evidence. This is significant because the worlds oceans hold 50 times

more carbon than do the worlds forests and grasslands. The

decreasing capacity of the Earths carbon sinks to absorb carbon

could further increase the likelihood of runaway climate change.

Besides that, the changes in the climate due to excess greenhouse

gases are causing both increased drought and increased flooding.

Violent storm activity will increase as temperatures rise and more
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water evaporates from the oceans. This includes more powerful

hurricanes, pacific typhoons, and an increased frequency of storms

and tornadoes. Storms and tornadoes cause flooding and property

damage to human. Drought also causes by greenhouse gases.

Warming also causes faster evaporation on land. Many dry areas,

including the American West, Southern Africa, and Australia are

experiencing more severe droughts. The amount of land on the Earth

suffering from drought conditions has doubled since 1970.

The greenhouse gases also cause the rapid climate change. Climate

change happens suddenly and violently because of the change of

pressure and atmosphere gas. Climate change happens suddenly

and violently. Research indicates that the Earths climate exists in a

stable state for many thousands of years. Then, pressure for change

builds from increases or decreases in carbon levels as well as

changes in solar radiation. Nowadays, the Earths climate goes

through a period of dramatic disequilibrium.

In conclusion, greenhouse effect brings a lot of negative impact to the

Earth such as global warming, flooding, drought, storms, rapid climate

change and many more. So, we must avoid the activities that will

cause the greenhouse effect such as deforestation, burning,

industries and others.


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Chairperson : Now I realized that the greenhouse effect is very serious problem

that is very dangerous to our generation as it can affect their future.

So, it is everyones role to overcome this problem. How about the

ways to overcome bully? I think our director of environmental

protection agency, Encik Khairul Fahmi can answer this questions.

What can you say about this?

Fahmi: Thank you to the chairperson. Okay, actually, there are plenty ways

to overcome this matter. It is a matter of the ways our life style. Can

you tell me what do you do with all your trashes? What happen to the

heat when the sun is glowing up in our head? And more importantly,

how is it our environment? Is it greening or browning?

All this matter is the fact that makes up what we are talking about

today that is greenhouse effect. Here are some ways to overcome this

problem.

The first and foremost is to so the 3Rs which are Recycle, Reduce

and Reuse. Every person in the world has their own part in the

prevention method. Everyone must do their part in this 3Rs to reduce

waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying

products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when

that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste.

And whenever you can, recycle paper, plastic, newspaper, glass and

aluminium cans. If there isn't arecycling program at your workplace,

school, or in your community, ask about starting one. By recycling half
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of your household waste, you can save 2,400 pounds of carbon

dioxide annually.

All of us must remember that we cannot stop this greenhouse effect at

once but we can reduce it by correcting our daily life habits. One of

the habits is not using the off button when leave a room or house.

We can save electricity and reduce global warming by turning off

lights when leave a room, or using only as lighter as we need. And

remember to turn off your television, video player, stereo and

computer when you're not using them. It is also a good idea to turn off

the water when you're not using it. While brushing your teeth,

shampooing the dog or washing your car, turn off the water until you

actually need it for rinsing. You will reduce your water bill and help to

conserve a vital resource.

The next easy way is by planting a tree. A single tree will absorb

approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime. That is

why; if you have the means to plant a tree, start the digging. During

photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give

off oxygen. They are an integral part of the natural atmospheric

exchange cycle here on Earth, but there are too few of them to fully

counter the increases in carbon dioxide caused by automobile traffic,

manufacturing and other human activities.

Last but not least, the one which is quite really important is all of us

must share the information about recycling and energy conservation

with your friends, neighbours and co-workers, and take opportunities


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to encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that

are good for the environment.

All these steps will take you a long way toward reducing your energy

use and your monthly budget. And less energy use means less

dependence on the fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases and

contribute to global warming.

Chairperson: Thank you to all our panellists for the sharing of their thought about

our topic today. Hopefully, todays discussion can be acknowledge by

all of us and we should stay united and work together so that the

greenhouse effect can be overcome.