Transcript
Page 1: Greener Storage John Sheehy Systems Architect jes@e-techservices.com

Greener StorageJohn SheehySystems [email protected]

Page 2: Greener Storage John Sheehy Systems Architect jes@e-techservices.com

© 2008 e-TechServices

Increased Computing Demand

Changing Cost Dynamics

Data Center Lifecycle Mismatch

US commercial electrical costs increased by 10 percent from 2005-06. 2- EPA Monthly Forecast, 2007

Data centers have doubled their energy use in the past five years.4 - Koomey, February 2007

Per square foot, annual data center energy costs are 10 to 30 times more than those of a typical office building. 1 - William Tschudi, March 2006

“Twenty-nine percent of clients identified data center capability affected server purchases ”- Ziff Davis

“Eighty-six percent of data centers were built before 2001”3

Over 160B Gigabytes of data created in 2006. Number is expected to grow 6X by 2010 – IDC, The Expanding Digital Universe, March 2007

Data Centers at a Tipping Point: Unsustainable Growth

1. William Tschudi, March 20063. Nemertes Research, Architecting and Managing the 21st Century Data Center, Johna Till Johnson, 2006

2. EPA Monthly Forecast, 2007. 4. Koomey, February 2007.

Source: IBM

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Power issues in the data center are putting business growth at risk Data centers maxing out on power (and space)

Increasing densities of servers and storageare overloading cooling infrastructure

High energy costs are squeezing budgets

Regulatory and environmental pressures are growing

Near-term Challenges Storage is growing at 30-70% per year

An estimated 27% of data center power is used for storage

A rack of storage uses 2-10x the power compared with just a few years ago

Data Source: IBM

Storage in the Data Center

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Source: IBM

Storage Products are not the worst consumers

Tape is far more energy efficient than disk.

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Strategies for Greener Storage Deploy more power efficient

storage devices Align business needs and

device capabilities

Tier & virtualize your storage Utilize storage more efficiently

Size for IOPs and space requirements

Know what is consuming your resources

Consolidate Cool storage more efficiently Understand other

environmental implications

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Disk System Power Consumption Comparison

0

5

10

15

20

25

kVA

128 240 384 480 640

Number of Drives

DS8000DMX-3

Comparisons based on typical power usage ratings using published EMC data and IBM measured power usage.

For comparable configurations, the DS8300 is 15% to 30% more power efficient.

IBM DS8000 can consume up to 31% less power.

Source: IBM

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0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Idle Spinning Typical R/W Operation

3.5" 15K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 10K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 7200 RPM SATA

The Most Important Factor for Energy Consumption Storage is Drive Rotational Speed

0

5

10

15

20

Idle Spinning Typical R/W Operation

3.5" 15K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 10K RPM FC/SAS 3.5" 7200 RPM SATA

•W

attsW at

ts

W at

ts / G B

Speed Kills: Best server class drive in Watts/GByte is 7,200 RPM 500 GB drive

Flash Based DDMs (Data Device Modules) are much more efficient....

Drive Power Use

Source: IBM

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Tape Drive Power Consumption Comparison

IBM LTO3 FH

HP LTO3 FH,

Quantum LTO3 HH

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Watts

LTO Tape Drives

IBM LTO3 FH

HP LTO3 FH

Quantum LTO3 HH

Comparisons based on typical power usage ratings using published EMC data and IBM measured power usage.

Shorter bar is better.

Data source: Specification sheets

IBM TS1120

Sun T10000Sun 9840c

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Watt

s

Enterprise Tape Drives

IBM TS1120

Sun T10000

Sun 9840c

IBM LTO 3 tape drive can consume up to 12% less power

IBM TS1120 tape drive can consume up to 38% less power Chart source: IBM

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Tape Library and Virtual Tape Power Consumption

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Dolla

rs

5 Yr. Energy Costs

Enterprise Tape Libraries

IBM TS3500

Sun SL8500

19000

20000

21000

22000

23000

24000

25000

Dolla

rs5 Yr. Energy Costs

Enterprise Virtual Tape

IBM TS3500

Sun SL8500

IBM TS3500 tape library can cost up to 20x less in energy consumption

IBM TS7740 VTL can cost up to 14% less in energy consumption

Data Source: User guides.

Chart source: IBM

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Deploy More Power Efficient Storage – FactsTape Power & Cooling is Dramatically Better Than Disk

Store 250TB with 25% Growth Rate over 10 Years

10 Year TCO Analysis

Scenario: Store 250TB 25% Growth Rate Over 10 Years DS4700 SATA Disk LTO 4 Tape Library

Customer Storage Goals:PerformanceComplianceData SecurityDisaster ProtectionReduce TCO and energy costs

Tape is very “green”@ 20x less

energy expense

All disk or all tape may not address all goals

Source: IBM MI TCO Analysis

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Deploy More Power Efficient Storage – ActionCombine Tape & Disk to Address Goals and “Green” Initiatives

10 Year TCO Analysis

IBM Blended Disk and Tape Products

TS7500 Virtualization Engine for Open Systems

TS7700 Virtualization Engine for System z

DR550 and WORM Tape

Customer Storage Goals:PerformanceComplianceData SecurityDisaster ProtectionReduce TCO and energy costs

Blended disk and tape can address the goals

Source: IBM MI TCO Analysis

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LTO Gen 4 Highlights 4th Generation of LTO Tape Drive roadmap

120MBps performance (up to 240MBps at 2:1 compression)

800GB capacity (up to 1.6TB at 2:1 compression) Attaches to

IBM System p™, System i™, System x™ servers Selected platforms from HP and Sun Microsystems Selected versions of Microsoft Windows™ and Linux

Supported in TS2340 tape drive (desktop/rack-mount) TS3100 tape library (desktop/rack-mount) TS3200 tape library (desktop/rack-mount) TS3310 tape library TS3500 tape library

Chart source: IBM

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LTO4: New or Enhanced IBM Technology New

Encryption capable SME, LME, and AME

Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) at 3Gbps Customer Centric Statistical Analysis Reporting System

Improved 256MB read-write cache Electronic components

Carried Forward Write Once / Read Many Graceful dynamic brake function at power loss High bandwidth dual stage actuator Positive pin retention LTO Gen 3 surface control guiding Steel loader/clutch construction Roller coating

Chart source: IBM

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LTO Cartridge Interoperability

1 Rewritable Cartridge illustrated, WORM Available2 Native sustained data rate, native physical capacity

LTO Cartridge LTO Tape Drive Generation

Generation Native Capacity2 Datarate2 Gen 1 Gen 2Gen 3

Half HeightGen 3 Gen 4

100GB

Read

15MBps 20MBps

20MBps 20MBps

Write

200GB

Read

35MBps 35MBps 35MBps

35MBps

Write

400GB

Read

60MBps 80MBps 80MBps

Write

800GB

Read

120MBps

Write

Gen 1

Gen 2

Gen 31

Gen 41

Chart source: IBM

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IBM’s LTO Generation 4 Tape Data Encryption Solution: Comprehensive Tape Security Solution

New IBM LTO Ultrium Generation 4 Tape Drives with Encryption

Standard capability on all IBM Gen 4 Fibre Channel and SAS drives

Integrated into all IBM LTO Automation offerings Enhanced Encryption Key Manager (EKM) component

for the Java™ platform Supports LTO Gen 4 encryption key serving on a wide range of

systems including: z/OS, i5/OS, AIX, HP, Sun, Linux and Windows

New Tivoli Storage Manager support for LTO Gen 4 encryption

Integration with System z encryption key, security and cryptographic capabilities

New services and consulting for LTO tape data encryption and management 

Encryption Key Manager

Chart source: IBM

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Tape Data Protection Requirements Protect tape data in transit from the primary data center to a secondary

data center or business continuance site Protect tape data generated by mainframe as well as open systems

And use the same management infrastructure

Protect tape data in transit to a business partner, but allow the business partner access once the data has arrived

High Performance with no impact on backup windows Compliance with data protection laws

Data Center

Secondary Site

Business Partners

Chart source: IBM

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The LTO Gen 4 standard differs from the TS1120 implementation of tape drive based encryption

Unlike the TS1120 tape drive, the LTO Gen 4 specification does not support encrypted (wrapped) key storage on the LTO cartridge

Key identifier is stored on the cartridges Associated Cartridge Data Keys stored in a Key store

LTO Gen 4 supports Application Managed Encryption via SCSI T10 commands This is the standards-based implementation that will provide for cartridge interchange between

drive vendors Requires Application ISVs to enable AME functions

– TSM available at GA– Other ISV’s considering

LTO Gen 4 does support external key management and out of band key delivery With appropriate modifications, encryption appliance suppliers or third party software may

support LTO Gen 4 encryption IBM’s approach is to enhance the EKM to support transparent LTO Gen 4 encryption

Chart source: IBM

Page 18: Greener Storage John Sheehy Systems Architect jes@e-techservices.com

Tape Encryption Offering Comparisons

YesMayYesYesYesNoRequires storage of Symmetric Data Keys in a Keystore

NoMayNoNoNoYesUtilizes Public Key cryptography to securely store encrypted data key on the cartridge

N/AN/ANoMayYesYesSecure mechanism for delivery of keys from Keystore to Device

NoMay

NoNoYesYesSupports Shared, Enterprise wide encryption key management

NoMay NoNoYesYesMay exploit unique z/OS security and management capabilities

May NoMayYesYesYesMinimize impact on batch window

MayNoYesYesYesYesMinimize impact on compression ratio

By adding appliances

By adding server

resourcesYesYesYesYesScales to support large quantities of tape

encryption

No

Yes

IBM LTO

Gen 4 Tape

No

Yes

IBM

TS1120 Tape

Hardware Encryption in Drive

Yes

Yes

SUN

T10000 Tape

May

Yes

Standard

LTO

Yes

Yes

Encryption Appliance

NoRequires new, unique special purpose hardware

NoMinimize impact on server resources

Software Encryption

Criteria

Chart source: IBMIBM drives have less than 1% overhead for encryption functionality..

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SVC Can Help Improve Energy Efficiency

Designed to migrate data without disruption Helps make it easier and quicker to implement more energy efficient

storage Designed to ease deployment of tiered storage and improve

storage performance Helps use lower-tier storage for greater range of applications

Designed to help increase storage utilization and control growth

Helps reduce storage requirements and so energy use

Chart source: IBM

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SVC 4.3: Improving Utilization & Availability

Chart source: IBM

Storage utilization a key issue– As information volume continues to grow, improving use of storage is

a key tool to control growing costs

Space-Efficient Virtual Disks and Space-Efficient FlashCopy– “Thin provisioning” and “snapshot” functions– Dramatically improved storage utilization with dynamic provisioning

Virtual Disk Mirroring– High availability for critical data

Multi-Target FlashCopy copies increased– Now up to 256 copies dependent on one virtual disk

Scalability and standards– Up to 8192 virtual disks supported, twice previous limit– Support for IPv6 environments

Expanded server and storage environment support

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SVC 2145-8G4 Storage Engine

SVC engine based on IBM System x3550 server Two dual-core Intel Xeon 5160 processors at 2.33GHz 8GB of cache Four 4Gbps FC ports SVC code improvements to use multi-core processor

Improvements also deliver potential benefits to customers with previous model SVC nodes

Dramatically improved throughput compared with 8F4 engines Helps support larger, more I/O intensive storage configurations New engines may be intermixed in pairs with older engines in SVC

clusters Helps protect investments and offers enhanced growth capability

Cluster nondisruptive upgrade capability may be used to replace older engines with 8G4 engines

Chart source: IBM

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Breakthrough Performance with SVC 4.2

SPC-1 benchmark: Simulates I/O characteristics of OLTP workloads SVC 4.2 delivers 75% better throughput than SVC 4.1: 272,500 SPC-1 IOPS

SPC-2 benchmark: Simulates heavy sequential workloads SVC 4.2 delivers over 50% better throughput than SVC 4.1: 7080 SPC-2 MB/s

SVC leads the industry in both SPC benchmarks

High SVC throughput supports virtualizing multiple storage systems

Measurements conducted using 8-node SVC configurations; SVC 4.1 used 8F4 nodes; SVC 4.2 used 8G4 nodes.For more information, see http://www.storageperformance.org/results

Chart source: IBM

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SAN Volume Controller Version 4.3Supported Environments

For the most current, and more detailed, information please visit ibm.com/storage/svc and click on “Interoperability”. Chart source: IBM

SANVolume Controller

SAN with 4Gbps fabric

HPMA, EMAMSA, EVA

XP

HitachiLightningThunder

TagmaStoreAMS, WMS

EMCCLARiiONSymmetrix

MicrosoftWindows 2008

MSCSMPIO, VSS, GDS

IBM AIXHACMP /XDGPFS / VIO

SunSolarisVCS/SUN clustering

HP-UX 11i V3Tru64

OpenVMSServiceGuard with SDD

Linux(Intel/Power/zLinux)

RHEL/SUSERHEL 5 ia32, x64

RHEL 3 PowerSLES 9 ia64

IBMBladeCenter

Win/Linux/VMWare/AIXOPM/FCS/IBS

SAN

SANVolume Controller

Continuous CopyMetro MirrorGlobal Mirror

VMware

Point-in-time CopyFull volume, Copy on write

256 targets, Incremental, Cascaded

Space-Efficient

NovellNetWareClustering

SunStorageTek

IBMDS

DS3000DS4000DS6000DS8000

IBMESS,

FAStT

1024Hosts

iSCSI to hostsVia Cisco IPS

IBMN series

NetAppFAS

SGI IRIX

New

IBM N series GatewayNetApp V-Series

BullStoreWay

FujitsuEternus

NECiStorage

New

Space-Efficient Virtual DisksNew

New

Up to 8192 Virtual Disks

Virtual Disk Mirroring

New

New

AppleMac OS

New

PillarAxiom300, 500

New

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SVC 4.3.1 - NovReplicationGlobal Mirror Journal File(Infrastructure for 3-site copy)Cluster>64b LBA for BE (1PB MDisks, VDisks)Embedded CIMOMConsole/GUIWindows 2008 basedRAS Field DCRs(Syslog, NTP TBD)InteroperabilityXIV, IBM i – VIOS8Gb SAN support (HBA, switches)HardwareNew Low Cost Node

Pubs Focus on best practices

SAN Volume Controller (SVC) Roadmap

SVC 4.3ReplicationSpace-Efficient FlashCopyIncrease FC targets to 256Volume ManagementSpace-Efficient VDisks (Thin Provisioning, Overallocation)VDisk MirroringStandardsIPv6 ComplianceScalability2K VDisks per I/O groupInteroperabilityWindows 2008HPUX 11iV3Pillar Data 300, 500

* Beta for Space-Efficient VDisks, VDisk mirroring

SVC HighlightsReplication

•Heterogeneous FC, MM, GM

•Multiple FC targets (16)•Incremental FlashCopy•Cascaded FlashCopy

Volume Management•Volume striping / concatenation

•Heterogeneous data migration

•Email from SVC node•SVC Master Console or SSPC

Standards•SMIS 1.2

InteroperabilityHardware Platform:

• 8-node cluster• X3550 based• 16GB cache per I/Ogroup• 4 FC ports per node

SVC 5.1.1 - NovReplicationCo-ordinated Metro/ Global Mirror (3site)Non-disruptive VDisk move acr I/O groups (forwding layer)ClusterFlexible HW configsSEV improvementsScalability (stretch)8K MDisks per cluster4K VDisks per i/o groupConsole/GUILaunch in contxt wTPCHardwareNew LCN modelNew HE model: 12 GB cache 8 ports – 2 HBAs Cache options

SVC 5.1 - JuneReplicationCluster Star Copy (4n)Increase number of MM/GM relationshipsMulti-target Reverse FlashCopyCluster64b kernel –drops 4F2iSCSI – host/HBAEmbedded Security Services (ESS)SEV and MR reworkConsole/GUISMI-S 1.4 ComplianceGUI plug-in to TPCRASInteroperability

Statements of IBM future plans and directions are provided for information purposes only. Plans and direction are subject to change without notice.

1H08 2H08 1H09 2H09Current Attributes

Product withdrawn

Product continuum

EOM

Change from previous roadmap

SOD (Italics)

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IBM System Storage Productivity Center

Enables end-to-end disk management on single screen

Supports management of heterogeneous SMI-S conforming systems and devices

Common console for DS8000 & SVC Device configuration for DS8000, SVC

Support for other IBM storage forthcoming

SSPC is preloaded with IBM TotalStorage Productivity Center products to ease install

TPC Basic Edition – required license

TPC Standard Edition - recommended license TPC for Disk TPC for Fabric TPC for Data

Preload enables simpler install/configuration

New console offering integrated view for simplified storage management

Chart source: IBM

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IBM TotalStorage Productivity Center

ProblemIsolation

Plan

Discoverand

Configure

Analytic reporting

Monitor and

Automate

Centralize, single point of management and control of storage infrastructure (disk, data, fabric) providing asset, capacity, performance and availability management

Reduce the effort of managing complex multi-vendor heterogeneous environments

Improve administrator efficiency & storage utilization

Provide analytic reporting on performance impacts and configuration changes

An open storage infrastructure management solution designed to:

Chart source: IBM

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TotalStorage Productivity Center helps: Utilize storage space more efficiently Identify data that can be freed to create space

on existing storage: Duplicate files Unused files Inactive files Temporary files

Identify data that can be moved to more power efficient storage

Initiate automation to reclaim space Indirect efficiency benefits include:

TPC Performance Monitoring allows the customer to monitor and optimize performance on their storage and SAN environments

Data Path Explorer allows the customer to find performance impact areas and connections that may be inactive

TPC allows for file type and size constraints based on the user

Utilize Storage More Efficiently with SRM Tools

Chart source: IBM

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Improve storage utilization, performance and services Monitors and analyzes

capacity utilization by user, department, file system or database

Predicts storage growth based on trend analysis

Establishes performance thresholds in storage systems and SAN fabrics in order to improve performance and service levels

Monitor TSM backups and archives for files that have note been backed-up or archived

Chart source: IBM

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Configuration Change Analytics & Auditing

-Device removed

Change summary

New configuration management feature allows IT administrators to track, audit, compare and contrast multiple SAN configurations

Automatic detection or manual detection of changes can be accomplished based on user policies

At-a-glance views of all topology information is available with pop-outs providing detailed change information

Allows quicker time to problem isolation by contrasting the difference between old & new configurations

Helps minimize potential outage impacts from configuration changes

Chart source: IBM

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Creating Volumes with TPC

Provision storage directly from TotalStorage Productivity Center

– Assign host ports

– Assign volumes to subsystem ports

– Create/assign fabric zone

– Define RAID level

– Create/delete volumes

TotalStorage Productivity Center Administrators can directly allocate storage, zone the fabric switches and assign the host ports

Chart source: IBM

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Performance Impact Analysis ReportsDisplay resources associated with this data path

Configure Topology viewer

This icon shows if port is connected

Performance Health icon visually shows if any performance alerts have been triggered, most recent performance metrics are also displayed real-time

Health icon displays aggregated health status of this resource and its subordinate objects

Chart source: IBM

Quickly assess the performance status of your storage infrastructure

End-to-end view of the entire storage path (including SVC)

Reduces time to problem source identification

Enables improved system availability

Page 32: Greener Storage John Sheehy Systems Architect jes@e-techservices.com

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Executive Summary – Rear Door Heat Exchanger

NO

NO

NO

NO

DELL

NOYesYesLeverage existing customer infrastructure minimizing TCO

Hooks to customer supplied water

NONOYesMinimum impact on floor space increasing performance per watt per square foot

Fits on back of industry standard rack

NO

Yes

HP

Yes

Yes

IBM

No additional heat. No moving parts to maintain.

Does not add additional heat maximizing ROI

Benefit

NOOpen systems w/o fans or electrical requirements

NOWater cooled heat exchanger

SunFeature

Market Positioning•An effective solution to the Datacenters looking to limit server cooling consumption requirements

•Allows a customer to increase server density without increasing cooling requirements•A more cost effect solution than another AC unit.

Key Product Messages •Ideal solution for companies that would like to add more computer capacity without the additional cost

of added AC infrastructure•Ideal for computer room “hot spots” (spot cooling)

MaximumPerformance

Per WattPer Sq Ft.

Chart source: IBM

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Rear Door Heat Exchanger

Air Conditioning Units

Server Racks

Hot Spot Area

Hot Spot in the Data Center

Chart source: IBM

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Air Conditioning Units

Server Racks

RDHX:Eliminating Hot Spots in the Data Center

Liquid Solution

Rear Door Heat Exchanger

Chart source: IBM

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TCO & Cost Avoidance

Chart source: IBM

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Door Cooling Devices Comparison

20 g/min8-10 g/minWater Flow Rate

15oC18oCWater Temp (Spec)

YesNoEnclosed system

Up to 30KWUp to 15KWHeat load handled

Up to 3NOFans

41Water connections

12” beside rack5” behind rackAdditional floor space use

$30,000 (HP list price, May 2006)

$4299* (ibm.com list price 7/27/2006)

Price

HP MCSIBM RDHx

*Prices subject to change without notice. Starting price may not include a hard drive, operating system or other features. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography. Chart source: IBM

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Other Environmental Implications

Manufacturing Impact

RoHS Compliance Vendor Responsibility

Supply Chain Included Equipment Disposal

Secure Data Wiping Proper Physical Disposal

Emission Credits (Offsets)

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•Multiple storage goals are a daunting challenge for IT

•Virtualized, tiered disk and tape strategies best address these goals

•Tape remains a core component of any storage architecture

•Understand the real costs of power and cooling impacts

•Think outside the box!

Summary