8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
1/67
GVC-432Lecture
Ref: Donald Hearn & M. Pauline Baker,
Computer Graphics (Chapter 2)
Foley, van Dam, Feiner & Hughes,
Computer Graphics Principles & Practice
Dr Pavan Chakraborty
IIIT-Allahabad
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
GRAPHICS HARDWARE
Input & Output Devices
http://www.lost-world.com/Lost_World02/Jurassic_Park.Site/Jurassic_Park.html8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
2/67
GRAPHICS HARDWARE
Graphics Input Devices
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
3/67
C!pnents f "n Inte#"ctive
G#"p$ics S%ste! G#"p$ics H"#'("#e
- G#"p$ics Input "n' St#")e 'evices
- G#"p$ics Disp*"% 'evices
G#"p$ics Sft("#e- Gene#"* P#)#"!!in) p"c+")es
- Speci"*-pu#pse "pp*ic"tins p"c+")es
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
4/67
i)u#e: C!pnents f " t%pic"* inte#"ctive )#"p$ics s%ste!
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
5/67
G#"p$ics Input Devices
An% 'evice t$"t "**(s inf#!"tin f#!utsi'e t$e c!pute# t e c!!unic"te' t
t$e c!pute# is cnsi'e#e' "n input device. /n'e#st"n'in) f v"#ius input 'evices is
i!p#t"nt in #'e# t cnst#uct $i)$-0u"*it%
graphical user-interfaces. Input 'evices "#e f t( "sic t%pes: "n"*)"n' 'i)it"*.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
6/67
C!!n*% use' An"*) Input Devices
1cnve#t " )#"p$ic s%ste! use#s !ve!ents
int c$"n)es in v*t")e
P"''*e cnt#*,
#"c+"**,
5use, "n'
6%stic+
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
7/67
C!!n*% use' Di)it"* Input Devices
1"#e "ctu"**% "n"*) 'evices t$"t c**ect input
inf#!"tin in 'isc#ete f#!
7i)$t pen, 5")netic pen "n' t"*et,
uc$ P"ne*, "n'
8e%"#' Di)iti9e#s
I!")e Sc"nne#s
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
8/67
P"''*e Cnt#*
Si!p*est f t$e "n"*) input 'evices.
$e p"''*e cnt#* v"#ies its #esist"nce,
t$e#e% c$"n)in) t$e v*t")e f t$e inputci#cuit in #e*"tin t t$e !ve!ent f t$ep"''*es cnt#* +n.
C!!n*%, t( p"''*e cnt#*s "#e use' in
)#"p$ics s%ste!, ne t cnt#* !ve!entin t$e -'i#ectin "n' ne t cnt#*!ve!ent in t$e %-'i#ectin.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
9/67
i)u#e: P"''*e Cnt#*
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
10/67
#"c+"**
#"c+"** is n#!"**% pe#"te' % #**in)
t$e "** (it$ t$e p"*! f t$e $"n'.
It !ec$"nic"**% c!ines t( v"#i"*e
#esist#s in " sin)*e 'evice, t$us "**(in)
t$e use# t use ne $"n' t ente# t$ "n'
% inf#!"tin (it$ " sin)*e 'evice.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
11/67
i)u#e: #"c+"**
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
12/67
5use
$e !use, *i+e t#"c+"**, c!ines t( v"#i"*e#esist#s in " sin)*e 'evice.
W$ee*s # #**e#s n t$e tt! f t$e !use c"n
e use' t #ec#' t$e "!unt "n' 'i#ectin f!ve!ent. Ant$e# !et$' f# 'etectin) !use!tin is (it$ "n ptic"* sens#.
One, t( # t$#ee uttns "#e usu"**% inc*u'e' n
t$e tp f t$e !use f# si)n"*in) t$e eecutin fs!e pe#"tin, suc$ "s #ec#'in) cu#s# psitin# inv+in) " functin.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
13/67
i)u#e: 5use
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
14/67
6%stic+
A ;%stic+ cnsists f " s!"**, ve#tic"* *eve#
1stic+ !unte' n " "se t$"t is use' t
stee# t$e sc#een cu#s# "#un'.
$e 'ist"nce t$"t t$e stic+ is !ve' in "n%
'i#ectin f#! its cente# psitin
c##espn's t sc#een-cu#s# !ve!ent int$"t 'i#ectin.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
15/67
i)u#e: 6%stic+
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
16/67
7i)$t Pen
7i)$t pens "#e use' t se*ect sc#eenpsitins % 'etectin) t$e *i)$t c!in) f#!t$e pints n t$e CR sc#een.
$e% "#e sensitive t t$e s$#t u#st f *i)$te!itte' f#! t$e p$sp$# c"tin) "t t$einst"nt t$e e*ect#n e"! st#i+es " p"#ticu*"#
pint. $e #ec#'e' *i)$t-pen c#'in"tes c"n e
use' t psitin "n ;ect # t se*ect "p#cessin) ptin.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
17/67
i)u#e: 7i)$t pen s%ste!
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
18/67
5")netic pen "n' t"*et
A !")netic pen "n' t"*et "#e c!pse' f
" t(-'i!ensin"* (i#e )#i' "n' "
#"'i("ve-e!ittin) st%*us. $e (i#e )#i' is " !"t#i "ntenn" ($ic$
*c"tes t$e psitin f t$e st%*us !e"su#in)
t$e intensit% f t$e #"'i si)n"* #eceive' %e"c$ (i#e in t$e )#i'.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
19/67
i)u#e: 5")netic "*et
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
20/67
uc$ P"ne*
uc$ p"ne*s "**( 'isp*"%e' ;ects #sc#een psitins t e se*ecte' (it$ t$etuc$ f " fin)e#.
Optic"* tuc$ p"ne*s !"+e use f " se#ies finf#"#e' *i)$t-e!ittin) 'i'es 17EDs "n'sens#s *c"te' "#un' t$e pe#i!ete# f t$e
'isp*"%. W$en t$e use# tuc$es t$e sc#een, *i)$te"!s "#e #+en, in'ic"tin) t$e *c"tin ft$e use#s fin)e#.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
21/67
i)u#e: Optic"* uc$ P"ne*
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
22/67
8e%"#'
$e +e%"#' is "n efficient 'evice f# inputtin)nn)#"p$ic '"t" "s pictu#e *eve*s "ssci"te' (it$ ")#"p$ic 'isp*"%.
8e%"#'s c"n "*s e p#vi'e' (it$ fe"tu#es tf"ci*it"te ent#% f sc#een c#'in"tes, !enuse*ectins, # )#"p$ic functins.
Function keys"**( use#s t ente# f#e0uent*% use'
pe#"tins in " sin)*e +e%st#+e, "n' cursor-controlkeysc"n e use' t se*ect 'isp*"%e' ;ects #c#'in"te psitins % psitinin) t$e sc#eencu#s#.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
23/67
i)u#e: E#)n!ic"**% 'esi)ne' +e%"#'
(it$ #e!v"*e p"*! #ests
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
24/67
Di)iti9e#s
A c!!n 'evice f# inte#"ctive*% se*ectin)c#'in"te psitins n " ;ect is "'i)iti9e#.
$ese 'isc#ete c#'in"te psitins c"n e;ine' (it$ st#"i)$t-*ine se)!ents t"pp#i!"te t$e cu#ve # su#f"ce s$"pes.
G#"p$ic t"*ets p#vi'e " $i)$*% "ccu#"te!et$' f# se*ectin) c#'in"te psitins(it$ "ccu#"c% f "ut
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
25/67
Di)iti9e#s
5"n% )#"p$ic t"*ets "#e cnst#ucte' (it$ "
#ect"n)u*"# )#i' f (i#es e!e''e' in t$e
t"*et su#f"ce.
E*ect#!")netic pu*ses "#e )ene#"te' in
se0uence "*n) t$e (i#es, "n' "n e*ect#ic
si)n"* is in'uce' in " (i#e ci* in "n
"ctiv"te' stylus# $"n' cu#s# t #ec#' "
t"*et psitin.
Cnt'>
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
26/67
i)u#e: Di)iti9e#
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
27/67
I!")e Sc"nne#s
An i!")e sc"nne# #ec#'s t$e )#"'"tins f)#"% sc"*e?c*# f " )iven c*# # ?(p$ts "n' st#es in "n "##"%.
On st#es i!")e, (e c"n "pp*%t#"nsf#!"tins t #t"te, sc"*e, c#p t$epictu#e t " p"#ticu*"# sc#een "#e".
We c"n "*s "pp*% v"#ius i!")e p#cessin)!et$'s t !'if% t$e "##"% #ep#esent"tinf t$e pictu#e 1e.). cnt#"st en$"nce!ent.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
28/67
i)u#e: *"te' sc"nne#
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
29/67
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
30/67
i)u#e: D"t"G*ve
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
31/67
G#"p$ic St#")e #!"ts
Re)"#'*ess f t$e st#")e !e'iu! se*ecte',t$e )#"p$ics s%ste! 'esi)ne# (i** "*("%s
use s!e c!in"tin f t$e f**(in)"sic st#")e f#!"ts:
@. I!")e-n*% St#")e
2. Disp*"%-!e!#% St#")e3. C!p#esse'-!e!#% St#")e
4. Inf#!"tin St#")e
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
32/67
I!")e-On*% St#")e
He#e t$e vi'e i!")e is #et"ine' n vi'e
t"pe # vi'e 'is+ # "s " p$t)#"p$.
St#")e f i!")es in t$is f"s$in is#e*"tive*% inepensive.
Once t$e i!")e is st#e', it is 'ifficu*t "n'
epensive t #est#e it t t$e c!pute# f#fu#t$e# !"nipu*"tin.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
33/67
Disp*"%-5e!#% St#")e
He#e t$e it p"tte#n t$"t #ep#esents t$ei!")e is cpie' 'i#ect*% f#! 'isp*"%
!e!#% t t$e st#")e !e'iu!.
A uti*it% p#)#"! !"% e use' t s"ve*c+s f t$e c!pute# !e!#% % p"ssin)
t$e st"#tin) "n' en'in) "''#esses f t$e
'isp*"% !e!#%. D#"("c+: St#in) i!")es in t$is !"nne#
#e0ui#es " )#e"t 'e"* f !e!#%.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
34/67
C!p#esse'-5e!#% St#")e
St#")e sp"ce c"n e )#e"t*% #e'uce' %st#in) i!")es in c!p#esse' f#!"t.
C!p#essin t"+es "'v"nt")e f #epe"te'
p"tte#ns in 'isp*"% !e!#%. C!p#essin #utines c"n e ve#% c!p*e,
t"+in) "'v"nt")e f *n) se#ies f#ep*ic"tin.
It !"% nt e usefu* ($en i!")es t es"ve' cnt"in n # fe( se#ies f #ep*ic"te'%tes.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
35/67
i)u#e: 32 @4 'isp*"%
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
36/67
Inf#!"tin St#")e
It #et"ins t$e inf#!"tin 1se#ies fc!!"n's t$"t 'esc#ie t$e i!")e use' t
cnst#uct t$e i!")e. It c"n s"ve cnsi'e#"*e ti!e "n' !e!#% if
t$e i!")e t e st#e' is c!pse' enti#e*%f st"n'"#' ;ects.
$is "pp#"c$ is nt f#uitfu* if nnst"n'"#';ects "#e use'.
Indian Institute of Information Technology - Allahabad
8/10/2019 Grafics Hardware
37/67
E"!p*e: Inf#!"tin St#")e
17(e# *eft c#'.s 1/ppe# #i)$t c#'.s
B,4, 23,@