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GOST OF VIKINGS GOLD IN CHERNIGOV/ . 12, 15121 , . 210-6149149. 6937097443-mail [email protected] 210.8065618 6937097443
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. 17 Chernihiv . 17 . LaMotte Deriver . 1695 . 18 Chernihiv Collegium . , Chernihiv . 18 , - Zamkova (), (Lyubech), Prohorili (Loyevs'ki) Vodyani (). - Zamkova (), Vodyana () . . " " , , , , , , , . . 1708 Chernihiv . 4 2,5 , 365, . Chernihiv. . Desna . . , , . - 2381, - 164, - 1124, - 141, - 51. 1786 . 1781 . Chernihiv Myloradovych . 18 Chernihiv . . 705 , 4 , 4 , 12 , 2 . 1786, Chernihiv - Borys Hlib, . -St., Pyatnytskyi. . 19 - 20 Chernihiv - , zemstvo, ... 615


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. 1861 : 1897 27.716, 1913 35850. 19 . Chernihiv " .... . , , 1895 . . 20 , -St. Petersburg Chernihiv Homel Chernihiv Kozelets . 138 ( 1912) . 19 . Chernihiv 1875. , . Chernihiv . () 19 . - , . : 1910 428 1912 734. 15 , 9 3 . 19 20 : zemstvo " ". 20 - . . 20 Chernihiv 3 , 2 , . 1916 . 1897 53% Chernihivites . WW Chernihiv 6,2 . 1917 . WW 19 - 20 . 1914 WW . Chernihiv . , . , , .


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. . diarchy Chernihiv. . . 1917-1919 Chernihiv. (Tsentral'naRada), Hetman Skoropads'kyi , , - Petlyura . 12 1919 Bohun Mykola Shchors . . , . , 11. "Znamya " . 12 Chernihiv Denikin. . 7 . , . 9 1920 Chernihiv. Chernihiv Chernihiv. , , . 1921 cast, , . 7 1922"MOLOT Zhovtnevyi" ( " ") . 1925 11 . 35.500 Chernihiv. . 1924 . 30 . . . 1923 Chernihiv. 1927-1929 . 1928 Chernihiv- "Tsehla" ( "Brick") Chernihiv-Homel . Chernihiv-Ovruch 1931 Chernihiv. - . 32 1000 . . 1933 - , . 1934 M.M. Kotsyubyns'kyi


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. 1936 . 1937 . 1939 M. Shchors. 68,6 Chernihiv , 57 , 109 34 . , 6 policlinics, 2 , , 13 5 X-ray . 14 , 2 4 , 8 . Chernihivites . 9 1941 Chernihiv . - , , . , 3000 , Kryvolivshchyna - 20000,Podusivka - 15000, Yalivshchyna, Rashevshchyna, Malyeyev Riv Berezovyi Rih, ,. 52,5 Chernihivites . , , . 1943 13 Chernihiv. 21 , . Chernihiv . 50 57 , , , , . 70% . 1943 1944 . 1946 M.M. Kotsyubyns'kyi Chernihiv Ufa . 1948 91 279 Chernihiv. 1949 . 1950 Desna 1951 . 1956 Chernihiv , . . Shevchenko 1959. 1961 Chernihiv CHP . 100 . , 240 1979 257 1982. 20


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. 1970 Pioneer Palace , 1973 Chernihiv Desnyans'kyi Novozavods'kyi . 1975, "Druzhba" , . 1980 Chernihiv . "Hradets'kyi" (1981) "Peremoha" (1984), # 12 "Desna" . 1986 - Chernihiv . . Alley . 1991, .

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Hetman, Kyryl Rozumovsky. (1799-1803) , . (.: 04635-48-437)


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. 1992 1300. Chernigiv Desna Chernigiv Severa . Chernihiv 7 "Severa" . Chernigov Cherny. "ChernyGrave". Rus. Chernihiv . Chernigov Mstyslav Tmutarakan .

Volodymyr . Mstyslav "TheBrave" , Volodymyr Baptizer , Prince Svyatoslav. Yaroslav Mstyslav Kyivan . 1024 Mstyslav Yaroslav . Rus : -Rus -Rus Chernihiv. Mstyslav Spassky ( ) . . Chernihiv ! Mstyslav 1036 ( 3 ), Kyiv Prince Yaroslav Rus . 1054Svyatoslav , Yaroslav Chernihiv 20 . Chernigov Yeletsky ( Fir) Uspensky ( ) Cathedral.

1069 Boldin Hills Chernigov . . Boldin Hills . - .


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Murom. Boldin Hills. Volodymyr Chernihiv (1078-1093). (1113). 1120Chernigiv Gleb Val (). Parasceva Pyatnitsa , " Lay ( XII) Chernihiv. Lay , Prince Igor -Siversky Chernigiv Polovtsian 1185.

Chernigiv .Chernigiv - 1239

Rus. Chernigov Chernihiv . 1503 Rus Chernigiv. , 1606 . (1648-1964)Chernigiv Martyn Nebaba -in- Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky. 1696 Chernigov Hetman Jakob Lyzogub . Yekateryninska () . . , Pavlo Polubotok.

, 08/07/1709 ' Charles XII . PavloPolubotok . ' Polubotok Chernihiv . ! .

1679, Lazar Baranovych Troitskyi (Trinity) Boldin Hills. - . 1700 Chernigiv Collegium (), -Bank . . Tsarskoselsky


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Saint-Petersburg. Chernigiv . ' - .

Leonid Glibov Chernihiv Afanasiy Markovych Marko Vovchok (MariyaVilinska). Kotsubynskies Chernigov. Mikhail Kotsubynsky , . Chernigiv .

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1069, Bolding Hills, Liubech, , , -Pechersk, ( ), ChernigovAntoniy . , Sviatoslav, ( 12 in), . , , . 350 , : Antoniy ,

. . . 10 12 C 100 . Totemsk, 8,4 ., , - . , . , . , , izlyubil Anthony Boldin, , . , , Boldino ,


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200 , . , (). Novoantonievy , . 50 . , , , . , . , , , .

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( ) . . , , , . . - . . Chernigov Val Chernigov. , , . , . Chernigov

1667, Zagryazhskogo Strizhenov. . 2 19. Chernigov AV Verzilova , . , . , , , . Verzilova, , 17-18 . , 1896, 1932, 1937, 1941 1945 . - . , Chernigov ., . ,

Chernigov - Eletskii - Bolding -Detinets. 11. Prince SvyatoslavYaroslavich , - Eletskii.


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18. , : 11., 17., 17., 16-18 . , Abbot 18. , Uglich . Yelets , - Chernigov-Christian ( ) , 17. 1060 , , .

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St. Uglich, , , Collegium Chernigov, . Ionica Galyatovsky. ,


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, . . Elets priors, DaniloTuptalo - . , . Dmitry . , Yelets . VsevolodTrubchevsk Svyatoslavovych, Pereyaslav LA Polubotok, Vasily Obozny Dunin-Borkowski, Andrew StepanovichMiloradovich, Lizogub . 18. Eletskii , 1786 . , .

36-meter , Naddniprianske , . : 1670-1675gg. overbuilt , . - - , 1688 . , , Uglich. 17-18 . . Eletsky 11. Chernihiv Rus'- (907) (), 9 , Khaganate. 10 , . Grave, , 19 . . [2] 11 Chernigov, Kievan Grand Princes, . Severian

Murom, Ryazan Tmutarakan. Chernihiv, 25.000, 1239, Batu Khan, .


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1036.

1353. Meli Giray 1482 1497 , (1408-1420 1503), - (1618-1648 ), Magdeburg 1623 1635 ChernihivVoivodeship. 17 Khmelnytsky . Hetman Chernihiv Chernihiv ( ). 1667 Andrusovo

, Chernihiv, Hetmanate. Hetmanate, . , , Chernihiv namestnichestvo () (

1782), Malorosiyskaya ( 1797) Chernigov ( 1808 ). 1897 Chernihiv 11.000 27.006. .

- . Chernihiv1.321 , 404 seamstresses, . 69 (-, Teamsters. . [3]


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( 1201, ).

Eletsky Pechersk . 12- 17 . Chernihiv - (11 12) Hetmanate ( 17 18 .) 5- Saviour Cathedral, 1030s , . Boris Gleb, 12 , , 20 . , . Chernihiv Paraskeba (Pyatnitskaya), 12 13 . ? Peter Baranovsky. 17 , . Polkovnyk Lyzohub (1690s) Polkovnyk Polubutok(1700). , Mazepa , . Collegium, (1702). 1780. (1715), 5 , , 1696.[] , Chernihiv . , . Eletsky Pechersk ( ).


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6 - 11 12 ? 750-year-old . 1611, . , , 17 . - . , Svyatoslav Chernigov 6 1060. , Eletskaya , Svyatoslav - PrincesBoryatinsky - 1579. , 800 . , , 1679 1689. , , 1679. 17 , , 5- 1780. Chernihiv? Kozelets Hustynya . Chernihiv Shestovitsa , Chernigov. Chernihiv Ossip Maximovitch Bodyanskiy, - Slavist,, Anatoly Rybakov, Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko,

Cossack HetmanateVassal of Rzeczpospolita(1649)Vassal of Russian Empire(1654-1707, 1709-1775) 1649 The Hetmanate in 1654.1764 Capital Chyhyryn1 Language(s)Ukrainian Religion Greek Orthodox Government Republic- 16481657 ( first ) Bohdan Khmelnytsky- 17501763 (last ) KyryloRozumovsky LegislatureCossack Rada- Established 1649 -Treatyof Pereyaslav1654 - Treaty of Andrusovo January 30,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1654http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1709http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_national_capitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyhyrynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Radahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1654http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1709http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1775http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_national_capitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyhyrynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_Orthodoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Rozumovskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Radahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslavhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Andrusovo


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1667 - Disestablished 1764 Population - 1762 est. 1,027,9281 Thecapital was later moved toBaturyn and then Hlukhiv.

TheHetmanate Viysko Zaporozke (: ,Het'manshchyna? , Viys'ko Zaporoz'ke)

Hetmanate Zaporizhian , - , 1649 1775. Khmelnytsky 1648, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, 1648-57. Hetmanate Pereyaslav (Pereyaslavska ) 1654. Andrusovo(Andrusiv) 1667

. , 17 . 18 Hetmanate . 1764 Hetman . Chyhyryn, Baturyn Hlukhiv. Hetmanate , ., , oblasts

() Chernihiv, , Sumy ( ), Cherkasy, . Zaporizhian

CossacksRegistered Cossacks Kosiski Uprising Nalyvaiko UprisingKhmelnytsky Uprising Hadiach Treaty Hetmanate Colonisation of Siberia Bulavin Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion 1st Cavalry Army

Decossackization Betrayal XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps 1st Cossack Division

Cossack hosts Azov Black Sea Buh Caucasus Danube Don Volga Ural Terek Kuban Orenburg Astrakhan Siberian Baikal Amur Semirechye Ussuri Zaporozhia

Other groups Danube (Sich) Tatar Cossacks Nekrasov Turkey Jewish

Cossacks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baturynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baturynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlukhivhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlukhivhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlukhivhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugachev's_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugachev's_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugachev's_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Army_(Soviet_Union)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Army_(Soviet_Union)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decossackizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betrayal_of_the_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betrayal_of_the_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cossack_Divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cossack_Divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azov_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buh_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buh_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Line_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Line_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terek_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuban_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuban_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrakhan_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikal_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikal_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amur_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semirechye_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussuri_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussuri_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubian_Sichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekrasov_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekrasov_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossacks_in_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baturynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlukhivhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registered_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprisinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugachev's_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Army_(Soviet_Union)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decossackizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betrayal_of_the_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_SS_Cossack_Cavalry_Corpshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cossack_Divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cossack_Divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack_hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azov_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buh_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Line_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube_Cossack_Hosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terek_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuban_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orenburg_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrakhan_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikal_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amur_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semirechye_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussuri_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubian_Sichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekrasov_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossacks_in_Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Cossacks


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Famous Cossacks Bohdan Khmelnytsky Petro Sahaidachny Ivan Mazepa Ivan Sirko Yemelyan Pugachev Stenka Razin Andrei Shkuro Pyotr Krasnov Yermak Timofeyevich Shokan Walikhanuli

Cossack terms Ata_man Het_man Kontusz Papakhi Plastun Szabla Shashka Stanitsa Yesaul

Cossacks (Ukrainian: , Kozaky; Russian: , Kazaky;Polish: Kozacy)

were originally members of military communities inUkraineandsouthernRussia[1]. Their origin is a subject of scholarly dispute.

15 , " " . 16 , . , .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachnyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachnyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Mazepahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Mazepahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sirkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenka_Razinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Shkurohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shokan_Walikhanulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atamanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atamanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontuszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanitsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanitsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesaulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Repin_Cossacks.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytskyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachnyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Mazepahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Sirkohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenka_Razinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Shkurohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak_Timofeyevichhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shokan_Walikhanulihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atamanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hetmans_of_Ukrainian_Cossackshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontuszhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shashkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanitsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesaulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cossack#cite_note-0%23cite_note-0


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. -, Hetmanate, BohdanKhmelnytsky 17 . , Pereyaslavl . [2] , , , , Terek . 18 , . Stenka Razin, Kondraty Bulavin YemelyanPugachev. , , 1775. 18 , ? ( ) , Russo - Wars . . 19 . , . Kuban Cossacks . , , . , , repressionary . , . , . , , .

Andrusovo


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. Andrusovo Andrusovo (: Rozejm wAndruszowie, : , : ', Andrusivs'ke Peremyr "ya, , Andrusovo)

, 1667 - , 1654 . 30 Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin () Jerzy Chlebowicz () Andrusovo Smolensk. , - (Pravoberezhna Ukrayina) , Chernigov Voivodeships .

, - (Livoberezhna Ukrayina). , .


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1686. . . , Andrusovo - , , ,, , ( 1721). , Hetmanate . [1] . [2Rus- 907 - 911 945 , Rus'- 907 Oleg ( Rus'- (907) ). Rus'- 911. , Kievan , . : Karl, Farulf,Vermund, Hrollaf, Steinvith. Kievan Rus : , Chernigov,Pereyaslav, Polotsk, , Lyubech. Aleksey Shakhmatov . , Varangian . . , , , . , , . , , Varangians , Perun ( ).

907 , 907.

9th century 10th century 11th century Decades: 870s 880s 890s 900s 910s 920s 930s Years : 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 907 inother calendars Gregorian calendar 907CMVII Ab urbe condita
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/870shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/870shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/880shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/890shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/900%E2%80%93909http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/900%E2%80%93909http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/910shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/910shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/920shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/920shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/930shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/930shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_yearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/904http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/905http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/906http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/908http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/909http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/910http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_conditahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decadeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/870shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/880shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/890shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/900%E2%80%93909http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/910shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/920shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/930shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_yearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/904http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/905http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/906http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/908http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/909http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/910http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita


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1660 Armenian calendar 356 Bah' calendar -937 -936Bengali calendar 314Berber calendar 1857Buddhist calendar 1451Burmese calendar 269Byzantinecalendar 6415 6416Chinese calendar (3543/3603-12-15) to

(3544/3604-11-24)Oleg of NovgorodOleg of Novgorod by VasnetsovReign 879-912Died 912 Buried ?PredecessorRurik Successor Igor Offspring ?Oleg MoravaDynastyRurik Dynasty

Oleg of Novgorod (:, Old Norse: Helgi,

Khazarian, Helgu) Oleg Batir [] Varangian (konung) .

Novgorod , , . , . , Oleg 882 912. , , Schechter , khaganHLGW 940s,

. Rurikid , ,

Oleg of the EastSlavicchronicles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Burmese_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasnetsovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasnetsovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_of_Kievhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1'%C3%AD_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Burmese_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexagenary_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasnetsovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_of_Kievhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rurik_Dynasty


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Bruni. Oleg Shield . Chronicle, Oleg ( -in-law) , Rurik, Rurik Ingvar , Igor. Oleg , ( Varangian , Askold ) , , Novgorod . Tsargrad () 911. , Oleg, Rus . , Oleg , . , .Viktor Vasnetsov. Oleg (1899). , , Oleg Rurik, - . Novgorod Oleg, 922 912. [1] "" Oleg Igor . [2] Kievan Oleg , Novgorodian Barrow in Ladoga Oleg [3].

Oleg

Oleg ?Volkhov Old Ladoga. , Oleg (), ( ),


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. , romanticised " Oleg," [4] Oleg . foretelling , . , , . . slithered . Oleg , . , Orvar-Odd.

Alexander Pushkin

"" . , (). 10 1837 ( 37), , , Sergeyevich (: , [l ksandr r ejev t pu k n] (listen)) (6 [OS26 ] 1799- 10 [OS29 ] 1837) [1]

[2] [3] [4] [5] . [6][7] , - ,, - . . : . , , Tsarskoye Selo. ? 1820 , . ,


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, , . , , 1825 1832. Natalya Goncharova, 1831, . 1837, , , Georges d'Anths, . . , [7]. 1937, Tsarskoe Selo .Tsarskoye Selo

18 "Tsarskoye Selo" (Royal Village). ' Alexander Palace

31 1917. Catherine Palace , . , "Detskoye Selo" () 1918. 1937, , . [5] [8] , . Gannibal 1696 "Lagon," , "

Mareb ..."[ 2] [3] ( ). 1810 Henry Salt ( Sarda, , Tigrinnya Saho? Chewa ) trussed , ( ). (1996) DieudonnGnammankou


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Logone-Birni Logone , , . Gannibal 1742 , , "FVMMO( Kotoko). , FVMMO "Fortuna Vitam Meam MutavitOppido" Fortune ." (. 1703) Gannibal . , Mustafa ( 1695-1703) (1703-1730). Gannibal, , , , ", . Gannibal Lahan , , . 1704, , Gannibal Raguzinsky , ( Andreyevich, .) Gannibal 1705, , Peter . 1717, Gannibal , . . XV Louis ' . Gannibal Hannibal(Gannibal ). DenisDiderot, Baron de Montesquieu Voltaire. ( Andrew Kahn. [4])Voltaire Gannibal " ". [5]

Under Peter & Elizabeth A.Ganibal 22 1744. Tallinn City. Gannibal 1722 . Peter


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, . 1725, Gannibal 1727, 4.000 . 1730 . 1741, , Reval ( Tallinn, ), 1742 1752. 22 1744 ". Ganibal" ( ) , . 1742 Pskov Mikhailovskoye . [6] [7] , 1762. Alexander Suvorov Gannibal, Suvorov .Gannibal . Dioper, . 1731 . Dioper , . Gannibal , , . Gannibal , Regina Siberg (1705-1781), Mattias Johan Siberg Elisabeth d'Albedyll, Reval (Tallinn, ), 1736, bigamously . Dioper 1753, Gannibal, Dioper . Gannibal, , .

Ivan Gannibal, Abram's son , Gannibal : Siberg (),Galtung () Grabow ( ). [1] [8] Gustaf Siberg, Rittmester til Estrup , 1694, Lauritzdatter Galtung (.1651-1698), Lauritz Lauritzson Galtung (.1615-1661) Barbara Grabow til Pederstrup (1631-1696).Abram Gannibal Regina Siberg , , oSIP. OSIP , , . Gannibal , , 1779 -in-Chief, . Gannibal, Natalia Grosvenor,
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Gannibal&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Gannibal&action=edit&redlink=1


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Westminster, Mountbatten, 4 Milford Haven. [9][10] , Oleg 913 , , 944. Schechter, [5],

, Lecapenus, HLGW (: ), "Helgu". [6] Schechter , Helgu ( Oleg) 940s. [7], , , David Zuckerman Schechter , Rus Oleg

Rurikid , Oleg . [8 ] Zuckerman . Zuckerman Khazars 900S ( 882, [9]), Rurik, , Oleg Rurik, Varangian . [10] Schechter Oleg (, FRS, , [11] ) Ibn Miskawayh, Rus

Arran 944 / 5. [12]

Prince Oleg


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, Kholuy . Zuckerman, Oleg , . , , Oleg Rurik 879 ( ), 70 , . , "helgu", "" , - , .[ Helgu-Oleg 940s, Rurik . - 911 944 " administrando De Imperio. , Rurikid , Rurik, Oleg, Igor 10- Rurikids-11 . Georgy Vernadsky Oleg Schechter , Predslava - 944. , V. Ya. Petrukhin Helgu-Oleg 940s Chernigov, Khazaria, Grave, Kurgan Chernigov, . mainstream, .

1. ^ AN Nasonov, Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis Starshego iMladshego Izvodov, ( : ANSSR, 1950), 109.cf. Kloss 337-343.2. Shahmatov xxxii-xxxiii.3. ^ Novgorod Chronicle, Oleg "" (, ) .4. ^ , Aurora Art Publishers, 1991.


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5. ^ Schechter Golb 106-121. (.. SL Fol.X: x)6. ^ SL Fol. 2r, 15-16? 17. Khazaria . SL Fol. 1R: 19, 2v: 15,20.7. ^ Mikhail Artamonov .Artamonov 12. , , . .., Gregoire 242-248, 255-266? Dunlop 161. Novoseltsev, , , " ." Novoseltsev 216-218. Brutskus HLGW Igor. Brutskus 30-31. Mosin HLGW Oleg Tmutarakan? Tmutarakan , . Mosin 309-325? Cf. Zuckerman 258.8. ^ Zuckerman 257-268. Zuckerman , , Novgorod . Cf., .., Christian 341-345.9. ^ Pritsak 60-71? Shahmatov xxxii-xxxiii?10. ^ Pritsak 60-71. Pritsak " Oleg Igor. Zuckerman "? .11. ^ Pavel Kokovtsov, 1932, FRS , Rus Lecapenus (online).12. ^ Cf Miskawaihi 67-74?. SL Fol. 2v: 3 ..13. ^ Parkhomenko 24 .14. ^ Brook 154.15. ^ Vernadsky 41 ..16. ^ Petrukhin 226-228

Sources Artamonov, Mikhail. Istoriya Khazar . Leningrad, 1962.

Brutskus, Julius D. Pismo Hazarskogo Evreja Ol X Veka.Berlin 1924. Christian, David. A History of Russia, Central Asia and

Mongolia, Vol. 1. Blackwell, 1998.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Artamonovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Artamonovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Artamonov


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Oleg%27s_shield.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Trizna_1899.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/76/Molev.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/OlegsMound.jpg


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al-Miskawaihi.The Eclipse of the ' Abbasid Caliphate. D. S.

Margoliouth, trans. Oxford 1921. Mosin, V. "Les Khazars et les Byzantins d'apres l'Anonyme de

Cambridge." Revue des tudes Byzantines6 (1931): 309-325. Nasonov, A.N., ed. Novgorodskaja Pervaja Letopis Starshego i

Mladshego Izvodov. Moscow, 1950. Novoseltsev, Anatoli P. Hazarskoe Gosudarstvo i Ego Rol' v

Istorii Vostochnoj Evropy i Kavkaza.Moscow 1990. Parkomenko V.A. .

Leningrad, 1924.

Petrukhin V.Ya. " , ". . 1998. .. . Moscow, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2000:222-230.

Pushkin, Alexander.The Song of the Wise Oleg . Leningrad,Aurora Art Publishers, 1991.

Shahmatov, A.A. Ocherk Drevnejshego Perioda Istorii Russkogo Jazyka. Petrograd, 1915 (reprinted Paris 1967).

Rurik , or Riurik (Russian: ; pronounced[rrk]; Old East Norse: Rrik , meaning "famous ruler"; c. 830 c. 879), was aVarangianchieftain who gained control of Ladogain 862, built theHolmgard settlement near Novgorod, and founded theRurik Dynasty which ruled Kievan Rusand thenGalicia-Volhyniauntil 14th and

Muscovy until the 16th century.
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Varangians

Varangian Guardsmen, an illumination from the 11th century chroniclof John Skylitzes. Varangians Varyags (Old Norse: Vringjar? :, , Varangoi, Variagoi? : ,Varyagi / Varyahy), Variagians, [1][2] , , 9 10 . , ( MV Lomonosov) "Varangians" , , . , . "nemets" (), , .
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'

, ,

, .

St. George's Church in the LadogaFortress.

St. George's Church containsmagnificent frescoes painted in 1167.

. ?

. ?Eighth to Tenth Century Viking burial mounds along the VolkhovRiver near Staraya Ladoga.

Novaya Ladoga 1911. (: ), :Vanha Laatokka Aldeigjuborg , (selo) Volkhovsky , , Volkhov , 8. Volkhov.
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8 9 . , Russia Dendrochronology Ladoga 753. 950, . Ladoga Novgorod . . Atil, , , . , Ladoga. Ladoga Norsemen, , , , . ,Alode-Joki (, " ), Aldeigja Ladoga () .

Ladoga Rurik

Hypatian , Varangian Rurik Ladoga 862 . Rurik Novgorod , . kurgans, , Ladoga. Rurik, - Oleg.

?

Heimskringla 990s Eirkr Hkonarson . Ladoga , 800 900 CE, 90 95% dirhams Ladoga. Ladoga

1019, Ingigerd Yaroslav Novgorod. , Yaroslav Ladoga , , Ragnvald Ulfsson,


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. , Ladoga Varangian . Ladoga, Stenkil Inge , Anund Grdske. 12 13 , Ladoga Novgorod . XV . [2]. Oreshek Korela 14 Ladoga . Ladoga pyatina Vodskaya 84 XV.

. . [2] Novgorodians . 15 16 , 12 - . , - 12 . 2010. [3] 1703, Novaya Ladoga( Ladoga) . Ladoga, town.The Yelena Volkhov. , , Volkhov River. , 12 Climent, . , 17 (: , = " "

(270 - 6 346) , [3] (, , ). , . , , DEITE POSOPARADOPISTOI EINAI OI KLHRIKOI KI APO POTE (, , ), , , , , , ,, , , ,


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Friuli . , Lotharingian ,, " Day" 6 . , . Sinterklaas , 6 , (280-342), . . , . . , childbishop. . . , , . kapoentje( ) . . , . , ( ) , , . , Sinterklaas paaps ( ) . , , , . Sinterklaas Sint Nicolaas en zijn Knecht ( ) 1850 JanSchenkman (1806-1863). Sinterklaas , , . "Zie ginds komt de stoomboot"( "See, "), Sinterklaas . , (5 ) -. "sinterklaasavond" "pakjesavond" ( " "). , , 5 , , 6.


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Sinterklaas ' (1940-1945),Sinterklaas , . Sinterklaas [1], , Royal Air Force. 1941, , RAF . : R.A.F. Kapoentje, Gooi wat mijn schoentje,Bij de Moffen gooien, Maar strooien ! Sinterklaas, "RAF" "Sinterklaas" (, ), Sinterklaas "Moffen" ( "", "krauts" ) . , ? . [2] . Sinterklaas , ( ), , . . rides .Zwarte Piet Sinterklaas Zwarte Piet ( ) . .

, . , Sinterklaas , Sinterklaas . , chimneysweep, , chimneysweep Piet . Sinterklaas Piets ,

, . Sinterklaas


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. The Zwarte Pieten , Sint Nicolaas ' .

SintNicolaas , , . Sint Nicolaas S Nicolaas ?? (SIN = )

, (Varyags, ), exacted Finnic 859. ? danegeld 859, Curonians Grobin . , 862, Finnic Varangian Rus, , . Varangian Rus " . Rurik Truvor Sineus, Varangians( Rus) Holmgrd(Novgorod). 9 , Rus , (Gardariki) (Serkland). , . Ladoga Novgorod, Gnezdovo Gotland Varangian . [11] Varangians 880s . Rus () , Chronicles, , . , Varangian . ', Slavicized Varangian - Novgorod 10 . , ,


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Rus' and the Byzantine Empire Rus' Byzantine Wars

Varangian :

( ) ( ). . 842, Amastris, . [12] 839, , Rhos,

. 860, , Rus Askold

. , , monoxyla . Rus 870s 910, 912, 913, 943, . Rus , 907

941, Sviatoslav 968-971. ? ,
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, . ( ) : Rus

Varangian Guard

Varangian Guardsmen, anillumination from the SkylitzisChronicle


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, : [14] . 980-1060 1018-1066 ( ingali). [14] , , , Varangian " ". 911, Varangians . 700Varangians 902 629 949 . 415Varangians 936. Varangian 955. , Varangian (Gr. ). . 988 ' . , Dorostolon (971), Vladimir 6.000 . , Vladimir , , . Vladimir . 989 Varangian, , . , . ,


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, . Varangians " ." Varangian , , . 1018, catepan , Boioannes, Lombard Melus . Varangian Cannae, . 1038., - . Harald Hardrada, . , , Arduin, Varangians . , catepan Doukeianos Varangians . 16 1041 Venosa Ofanto. Exaugustus Boioannes Varangians Doukeiano. 3 1041 . Varangian . 1047 Raphael Varangians, Bariots . , 1067, catepan , Mabrica, Varangian Taranto. 1071, . [15] 100 , . 1088 . [5] 5.000 235 .


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, Varangians Englinbarrangoi (-Varangians) . Robert , , . , 1080, " " " Thule", . [16] , . Varangians . [17] , , . A . . , , , . , [1], , . , , , , . , , , , . . " , , " (: ), "Roman" ( ), " ( ), " " ( ), " " ( ). , barracked Bucoleon. ,


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( ) , . ' 1122. hacked Pecheneg , thePecheneg . . , , , , " . [5] Varangian , Varangians 1400. [18] dromons ( , , "runner") 6 -12 ... , . , , chelandion, , . , , ousiakon 100 . , ., pamphylos 120 160. , , 200: 50 , 100 , 50 . dromons ( - : " "), , . Dromons (siphones, siphnophoroi dromones) 10 kg 250 .


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dromond dromont , .

, Varangian 16 . [19] Varangian , - Kievan druzhina, hird, housecarls. [20] , acclaimers , . , , . Varangian , . [21] " , , ". [21] berserkergang . ?

?

DELTA FORCE ?

?


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[21] , , , polutasvarf ( "). [21] Varangians , Miklagarr ( = Miklagrd) (). [21]

! . ! . ? , , , . , .


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Varangians . 1081 , Varangians Varangians " , , . " , , " , the slighted ." [22] , Varangian , . 969, II. , , . , ."Alive : . ." [23] Walter Scott Robert , . , , " " Varangians. ", peleky phoroi barbaroi, Varangians . [5] Varangian 1071. ' , . , , Varangian , , , VII, . , , . , Varangian 11 . Varangian ' .


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1103 , ." , , 12 "- ."

Runestones , U 161, -- Tby , Varangian . Varangian

runestones , Runestones [24], Varangian Guard, . Runestones , Varangian . runestones RAK, 1015 ... [25] Skepptuna Runestone U 358, Vstra Ledinge Runestone U 518,Nlberga Runestone 170 Eriksstad Runestone Sm 46.[26] runestones Ed. Ragnvaldr, Varangian , . PR4 Runestone U112, [26] runestones, PR5 , EdRunestone U 104 ( Ashmolean ), 1080-1130, runestones Risbyle Runestone U161, Tby.[27] , , Ulf


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Borresta Orkesta Runestone U 344 danegelds . [27]

, . Laxdla, BolliBollason, . 1006, Varangian . [28] , Varangian Guard? " , . "[29] , :Bolli , , , , Bolli . Garth- , ? Girt , , , , , . , ? , Bolli , .The Varangian Guard Saga Njal Kolskegg- Holmgard(Novgorod) Miklagard (), . " , , Varangians, ." [31] Varangian Harald Sigurdsson , HaraldHardrde ( "Hard-" [32]). , Harald Gardariki , 1035. , . Varangian Guard Harald manglavites spatharokandidatos.


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. V, Saga , . Harald , . 1043, , 1066. Varangian Guard , Harald Hardrde , Sigurd , . , Sigurd , 6.000 , Varangian . Sigurd . Folk Metal Turisas , TheVarangian Way, . Viking Metal Amon Amarth Thunder "Varyags Miklagaard" . . . , , , . 400 .. .

2 . .

50 130 . . 106 ..
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, . , .

( 1193 - 3

1254) (1222-1254), . , ,

. .

20 .

,

, . , ,
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, , . . 1223 . , , , . : , , ,

, . . ( ) , , . , , , , . , , , , , (1233).

, . , , , . , , . 1235 , .
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, . , , , ( , . , . )., , , 1223 , . , . 1227 .,

(1218-1241) . [2] , . 1225 . . . , , , . , ,

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